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Wavelength
Distance
A
tmospheric
pressure
Pmax
Pmin
011x001.eps
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A
BD
C
E
011x002.eps
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A
B
E
CD
011x003.eps
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140
120
100
80
60
SPL
40
20
0
20 100 1000
Frequency (Hz)
10,000
011x004.eps
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10
(a)
(c) (d)
(b)
20
30
40
SPL
50
60
70
1000 2000 3000
Frequency (Hz)
4000 6000
10
20
30
40
SPL
50
60
70
1000 2000 3000
Frequency (Hz)
4000 6000
011x005.eps
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4
2
3
7
5
4
16
2D model
side view
011x006.eps
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110
100
90
80
70
60
31.5 63 125 250 500 1600
Center frequency (Hz)
5000 16,000
SPL
50
40
30
20
10
A
B
C
011x0 07.eps
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110
100
90
80
70
60
31.5 63 125 250 500 1600
Center frequency (Hz)
5000 16,000
SPL
50
40
30
20
10
A
B
C
011x008.eps
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011x009.tif
Courtesy of CRC Press/Taylor & Francis Group
011x010.tif
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4
3.8
3.6
3.4
3.2
3
2.8
2.6
2.4
2.2
A (8) = 2.0 m/s2
A (8) = 1.8 m/s2
A (8) = 1.6 m/s2
A (8) = 1.4 m/s2
A (8) = 1.2 m/s2
A (8) = 1.15 m/s
2
A (8) = 1.0 m/s2
A (8) = 0.8 m/s2
A (8) = 0.6 m/s2
A (8) = 0.5 m/s2
A (8) = 0.4 m/s2
A (8) = 0.2 m/s2
2
(kaw)max (m/s2)
1.8
1.6
1.4
1.2
1
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
0:00
0:30
1:00
1:30
2:00
2:30
3:00
3:30
4:00
4:30
5:00
5:30
Exposure time (hh:mm)Example:
1.2 m/s2 for 4 hours 30 mins
gives A (8) = 0.9 m/s2
6:00
6:30
7:00
7:30
8:00
8:30
9:00
9:30
10:00
011x011.eps
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(a) (b)
011x012.eps
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1000
800
600
Sum of impacts (n)Impacts count (n)
400
200
0
800
100 40
Fixed seat
Suspension seat
Fixed seat
Suspension seat
Un
title
200
150
100
50
01.6 2.2 3.4 4.6 5.8 7.0 8.2 9.4 10.6 11.8
0246
Impact (g)
Impact (g)
81
01
2
011x013.eps