TEACH Lesson Plan
IANNUCCI AND HOWERTON: Dental Radiography: Principles and Techniques, 5th Edition
4 Radiation Biology
CHAPTER LESSON PLAN & OBJECTIVES
Lesson 4.1: Radiation Biology
1. Define the terms associated with radiation injury.
2. Describe the mechanisms and theories of radiation injury.
3. Define and discuss the dose-response curve and radiation injury.
4. Describe the sequence of radiation injury and list the determining factors for radiation injury.
CHAPTER TEACHING FOCUS
• Students will have the opportunity to learn the mechanisms and theories of radiation injury.
• Students will have the opportunity to define the basic concepts and effects of radiation exposure.
Chapter 4: Radiation Biology 2
TEACH Lesson Plan
IANNUCCI AND HOWERTON: Dental Radiography: Principles and Techniques, 5th Edition
CHAPTER PRETEST
Have the students answer these questions prior to covering this chapter to understand where they stand
in relation to the content.
1) What is defined as the time that elapses between exposure to ionizing radiation and the appearance
of observable clinical signs?
a) Direct theory
b) Response curve c) Indirect theory
d) Latent period
2) The deleterious effects of ionizing radiation on human tissue can be divided into what types?
a) Absorbed and nonabsorbed
b) Ionizing and nonionizing c) Direct and indirect
d) Stochastic and nonstochastic
3) What is the main advantage of using a rectangular collimator over a circular one?
a) To make it easier to line up with the film
b) To increase the size of the x-ray beam c) To reduce patient exposure
d) For easier storage against the wall
4) What results from ionization or free radical formation?
a) Radiation injury
b) Radiation exposure c) Radiation collimation
d) Radiation toxicity
8) What effects occur when small amounts of radiation are absorbed over a long time?
a) Radiation injury
b) Short-term radiation c) Long-term radiation
d) X-radiation
9) What are seen in a person irradiated that produce poor health?
a) Somatic effects
b) Genetic effects c) Short-term effects
d) Long-term effects
10) What are not seen in a person irradiated but are passed on to future generations?
a) Somatic effects
b) Genetic effects c) Short-term effects
d) Long-term effects
Chapter 4: Radiation Biology 3
TEACH Lesson Plan
IANNUCCI AND HOWERTON: Dental Radiography: Principles and Techniques, 5th Edition
CHAPTER PRETEST ANSWERS
1) d
A latent period can be defined as the time that elapses between exposure to ionizing radiation and
the appearance of observable clinical signs.
6) c
Radiation injury is affected by total dose, dose rate, amount of tissue irradiated, cell sensitivity, and
patient’s age.
Chapter 4: Radiation Biology 4
TEACH Lesson Plan
IANNUCCI AND HOWERTON: Dental Radiography: Principles and Techniques, 5th Edition
Classroom Preparation
Lesson 4.1: Radiation Biology
INSTRUCTOR PREPARATION
Textbook Objectives Covered
1. Define the terms associated with radiation injury.
2. Describe the mechanisms and theories of radiation injury.
3. Define and discuss the dose-response curve and radiation injury.
4. Describe the sequence of radiation injury and list the determining factors for radiation injury.
11. Discuss the risk versus benefit of dental images.
National Standards Covered
ABHES DAI (Dental Assisting I – Basic)
• Section A: Curriculum, Competencies, Externship and/or Internal Clinical Experience:
• Dental Sciences: Radiography of the Oral Cavity. Courses in radiography are designed to integrate
ABHES DAII (Dental Assisting II – Advanced)
• Section A: Curriculum, Competencies, Externship and/or Internal Clinical Experience:
• Dental Sciences: Radiography of the Oral Cavity. Courses in radiography are designed to integrate
CODA Standards for Dental Assisting Programs
• Standard 2: Educational Program:
• The curriculum must include content at the in-depth level in dental radiology. Students must
CODA Standards for Dental Hygiene Programs
• Standard 2: Educational Program:
• Curriculum content: Dental sciences content must include tooth morphology, head, neck and oral
Chapter 4: Radiation Biology 5
TEACH Lesson Plan
IANNUCCI AND HOWERTON: Dental Radiography: Principles and Techniques, 5th Edition
Lesson Preparation Checklist
• Prepare lecture from TEACH lecture slides available on Evolve.
Materials and Supplies
• computer
Chapter 4: Radiation Biology 6
TEACH Lesson Plan
IANNUCCI AND HOWERTON: Dental Radiography: Principles and Techniques, 5th Edition
Classroom Preparation
Lesson 4.1: Radiation Biology
STUDENT PREPARATION (9 hrs)
1
READ – Textbook (pp. 31–38)
ANSWER – Workbook Module 1: Radiation Basics
• Basic Terminology Crossword Puzzle, questions 1–14 (p. 21)
2
• Quiz Questions: Multiple Choice, questions 2-6 (p. 40)
ANSWER – Workbook Module 1: Radiation Basics
• Completion and Short Answer: Radiation Injury Factors, questions 1-9 (p. 22)
ANSWER – Workbook Module 1: Radiation Basics
READ – Textbook (pp. 31–32)
ANSWER – Textbook
• Completion and Short Answer: Radiation Injury Factors, question 10 (p. 22)
5
READ – Textbook (p. 34)
ANSWER – Textbook
• Quiz Questions: Multiple Choice, questions 7, 8 (p. 40)
ANSWER – Workbook Module 1: Radiation Basics
• Completion and Short Answer: Radiation Effects, questions 1-6 (pp. 22-23)
WRITE
• Students should research the many effects of radiation exposure and write a 1-2 page paper
about what they learned.
ANSWER – Workbook Module 1: Radiation Basics
• Identification: Radiation Effects on Tissues and Organs, questions 1-14 (p. 23)
• Completion and Short Answer: Radiation Measurements: SI system, questions 1, 2 (p. 24)
8
READ – Textbook (p. 37)
ANSWER – Textbook
• Quiz Questions:
• Multiple Choice, questions 20, 21 (p. 41)
• Ordering, questions 31-35 (p. 41)
PREPARE
• Students should research daily environmental radiation exposure and its sources. They will
present their findings in class.
Chapter 4: Radiation Biology 7
TEACH Lesson Plan
IANNUCCI AND HOWERTON: Dental Radiography: Principles and Techniques, 5th Edition
STUDENT PREPARATION (9 hrs) (Continued)
9
READ – Textbook (pp. 37-38)
10
READ – Textbook (p. 38)
ANSWER – Textbook
11
READ – Textbook (pp. 38-40)
ANSWER – Textbook
• Quiz Questions: Multiple Choice, question 25 (p. 41)
Chapter 4: Radiation Biology 8
TEACH Lesson Plan
IANNUCCI AND HOWERTON: Dental Radiography: Principles and Techniques, 5th Edition
50-Minute Lesson Plan
Lesson 4.1: Radiation Biology
LECTURE OUTLINE (30 min)
1
&
2
RADIATION INJURY: SLIDES 4-11 (pp. 31-38)
• Define terms related to radiation injuries.
• Discuss theories of radiation injury as well as mechanisms that cause the injuries.
• Discuss stochastic and nonstochastic effects of radiation.
• Discuss factors that can lead to exposure.
5
RADIATION EXPOSURE: SLIDES 17–20 (p. 34)
• Describe several effects of radiation, including genetic and somatic effects.
6
EXPOSURE EFFECTS ON BODY: SLIDES 21–23 (pp. 34-36)
• Discuss the possible effects of radiation on cells, tissues, and organs, including the skin,
kidneys, and liver.
7
EXPOSURE MEASUREMENT: SLIDES 24-29 (pp. 36-37)
• Describe different methods of measuring radiation exposure.
• List and discuss several sources of radiation exposure that can occur.
9
RISK ESTIMATES: SLIDES 33-34 (pp. 37-38)
• Discuss the odds of dental radiation exposure.
DENTAL RADIATION: SLIDES 35-36 (p. 38)
• Discuss areas of the body that can be affected by radiation.
• Explain when dental images should and should not be used.
LEARNING ACTIVITIES (choose one or more to equal 20 min)
1
REVIEW (10 min)
• Go around the room and have each student use one of the key terms in a clinically relevant
sentence in order to define the term. Continue until all terms have been used; if students
become stuck, have the rest of the class offer suggestions.
3
DISCUSS (10 min)
• Draw the three diagrams from Figure 4-4 (p. 33) on the board. Have a class discussion
regarding the threshold relationship, linear relationship, and nonthreshold relationship. Explain
to the class why it is important to establish acceptable levels of radiation exposure.
Chapter 4: Radiation Biology 9
TEACH Lesson Plan
IANNUCCI AND HOWERTON: Dental Radiography: Principles and Techniques, 5th Edition
LEARNING ACTIVITIES (choose one or more to equal 20 min) (Continued)
5
groups share their findings with the class for discussion.
• Appropriate Settings: Traditional classroom, flipped classroom
PRESENT (15 min)
• Have a few student volunteers share their research findings on the many effects of radiation
exposure.
8
PRESENT (20 min)
• Have students present their findings regarding sources of radiation that they researched as
homework.
• Appropriate Settings: Traditional classroom, flipped classroom
9
exposure from the x-rays gave the patient cancer. As the dental radiographer, what
information can you gather to help prove the x-rays you took did not give your patient cancer?
ANALYZE (15 min)
• Divide the class into small groups, and have each group state their case regarding the
10
should post their answers and conduct an online discussion in comments. Each student should
offer critical feedback to at least two other students.
• Appropriate Setting: Online
REVIEW (15 min)
• Divide the class into small groups, and have each group develop a safety checklist of the
equipment used and actions taken to protect the patient from excess radiation. Then have the
groups present their checklists to the class, and incorporate all the ideas into one master
checklist on the board.
CRITICAL THINKING QUESTION
A 37-year-old woman calls your office and wants to become a new patient. She states that she
has not been to the dentist in over 7 years and she is experiencing pain and discomfort. She
wants to schedule an appointment to see the dentist. You explain to her that her first visit will
consist of a comprehensive exam and a series of x-rays, but she appears apprehensive and is
asking a lot of questions. She wants to know why there’s a need for x-rays, if dental x-rays are
really safe, and how many x-rays are going to be taken.
Discussion Guidelines: Because this patient has not been to the dentist in several years, there are
Chapter 4: Radiation Biology 10
TEACH Lesson Plan
IANNUCCI AND HOWERTON: Dental Radiography: Principles and Techniques, 5th Edition
Assessments
Chapter 4: Radiation Biology
ASSESSMENTS BY OBJECTIVE
1
Evolve Instructor Resources
• Test Bank: Multiple Choice, question 1
Workbook Module 1: Radiation Basics
• Basic Terminology Crossword Puzzle, questions 1–14 (p. 21)
• Test Bank: Multiple Choice, questions 2-4, 35
• Completion and Short Answer: Radiation Injury Factors, questions 1-9 (p. 22)
4
Evolve Instructor Resources
Workbook Module 1: Radiation Basics
• Completion and Short Answer: Radiation Injury Factors, question 10 (p. 22)
5
Evolve Instructor Resources
• Test Bank: Multiple Choice, questions 14-16, 36
Write
• 1-2 page paper about the many effects of radiation exposure.
Workbook Module 1: Radiation Basics
• Completion and Short Answer: Radiation Effects, questions 1-6 (pp. 22-23)
• Test Bank: Multiple Choice, questions 17-19
Workbook Module 1: Radiation Basics
• Identification: Radiation Effects on Tissues and Organs, questions 1-14 (p. 23)
7
Evolve Instructor Resources
• Test Bank: Multiple Choice, questions 20–22
Workbook Module 1: Radiation Basics
• Completion and Short Answer: Radiation Measurements: Traditional system, questions 1–3
(p. 24)
• Completion and Short Answer: Radiation Measurements: SI system, questions 1, 2 (p. 24)
• Test Bank: Multiple Choice, questions 26, 28
• Test Bank: Multiple Choice, questions 27, 29, 31, 32
Workbook Module 1: Radiation Basics
• Completion and Short Answer: Patient Exposure and Dose, questions 1-4 (p. 24)
11
Evolve Instructor Resources
• Test Bank: Multiple Choice, questions 30, 34
Workbook Module 1: Radiation Basics
• Completion and Short Answer: Risk vs. Benefit, question 1 (p. 23)
• Critical Thinking Questions, questions 4-8 (pp. 29-30)