Dentistry Chapter 4 Includes Nausea Vomiting Diarrhea Hair Loss Hemorrhage

Dental Radiography: Principles and Techniques, 5th Edition

Chapter 4 Student Handout

Slide 1

Radiation Biology

Chapter 4

1

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Slide 2

Learning Objectives

Lesson 4.1: Radiation Biology

1. Define the terms associated with radiation injury.

2. Describe the mechanisms and theories of

radiation injury.

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Slide 3

Learning Objectives

Lesson 4.1: Radiation Biology (Cont.)

6. Describe the effects of radiation exposure on

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Dental Radiography: Principles and Techniques, 5th Edition

Chapter 4 Student Handout

Slide 4

Introduction

Purpose

To describe the mechanisms and theories of

radiation injury

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Slide 5

Radiation Injury

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Slide 6

Mechanisms of Injury

Some x-rays do not reach the dental x-ray

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Dental Radiography: Principles and Techniques, 5th Edition

Chapter 4 Student Handout

Slide 7

Ionization

Results when x-rays strike patient tissue

Produced through the photoelectric effect or

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Slide 8

Free Radical Formation

Cell damage occurs primarily through

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Slide 9

Theories of Radiation Injury

Damage to living tissue caused by exposure

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Dental Radiography: Principles and Techniques, 5th Edition

Chapter 4 Student Handout

Slide 10

Direct Theory

Cell damage results when ionizing radiation

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Slide 11

Indirect Theory

X-ray photons are absorbed within the cell

and cause the formation of toxins, which in

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Slide 12

Dose-Response Curve

Curve is used to correlate the damage to

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Dental Radiography: Principles and Techniques, 5th Edition

Chapter 4 Student Handout

Slide 13

Stochastic and Nonstochastic

Radiation Effects

Stochastic effects

A direct function of the dose

No dose threshold; effects do not depend on the

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Slide 14

Sequence of Radiation Injury

Latent period

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Slide 15

Sequence of Radiation Injury (Cont.)

Recovery period

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Dental Radiography: Principles and Techniques, 5th Edition

Chapter 4 Student Handout

Slide 16

Determining Factors for Radiation Injury

Total dose

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Slide 17

Radiation Effects

Short- and long-term effects

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Slide 18

Short- and Long-Term Effects

Short-term effects

Associated with large doses of radiation in a short

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Dental Radiography: Principles and Techniques, 5th Edition

Chapter 4 Student Handout

Slide 19

Somatic and Genetic Effects

Somatic cells

All cells in the body except the reproductive cells

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Slide 20

Somatic and Genetic Effects (Cont.)

Somatic effects

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Slide 21

Radiation Effects on Cells

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Dental Radiography: Principles and Techniques, 5th Edition

Chapter 4 Student Handout

Slide 22

Radiation Effects

on Tissues and Organs

Radiosensitive organs

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Slide 23

Radiation Effects

on Tissues and Organs (Cont.)

Critical organ

An organ that, if damaged, diminishes the quality

23

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Slide 24

Radiation Measurements

Units of measurement

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Dental Radiography: Principles and Techniques, 5th Edition

Chapter 4 Student Handout

Slide 25

Units of Measurement

Traditional (older) units of radiation

measurement

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Slide 26

Exposure Measurement

Roentgen

Roentgen measures radiation by determining the

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Slide 27

Dose Measurement

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Dental Radiography: Principles and Techniques, 5th Edition

Chapter 4 Student Handout

Slide 28

Dose Equivalent Measurement

Dose equivalent measurement is used to

compare biologic effects of different kinds of

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Slide 29

Measurements Used in Dental Imaging

Milli means 1/1000

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Slide 30

Radiation Risks

Sources of radiation exposure

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Dental Radiography: Principles and Techniques, 5th Edition

Chapter 4 Student Handout

Slide 31

Sources of Radiation Exposure

Natural background radiation

A form of ionizing radiation that is ubiquitous in the

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Slide 32

Artificial or human-made radiation

Resulting from modern technology

Sources of Radiation Exposure (Cont.)

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Slide 33

Risk and Risk Estimates

The potential risk of dental radiography

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Dental Radiography: Principles and Techniques, 5th Edition

Chapter 4 Student Handout

Slide 34

Risk and Risk Estimates (Cont.)

1 in 1 million risks of a fatal outcome

10 miles on a bicycle

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Slide 35

Dental Radiation and Exposure Risks

Risk estimates

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Slide 36

Patient Exposure and Dose

Film speed

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Dental Radiography: Principles and Techniques, 5th Edition

Chapter 4 Student Handout

Slide 37

Risk versus Benefit of Dental Images

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Slide 38

Questions?

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