TEACH Lesson Plan
IANNUCCI AND HOWERTON: Dental Radiography: Principles and Techniques, 5th Edition
22 Panoramic Imaging
CHAPTER LESSON PLAN & OBJECTIVES
Lesson 22.1: Panoramic Imaging
1. Define the key terms associated with panoramic imaging.
2. Describe the purpose and uses of panoramic imaging.
3. Describe the fundamentals of panoramic imaging.
CHAPTER TEACHING FOCUS
• Students will have the opportunity to understand the basic concepts of panoramic imaging and to
describe patient preparation, equipment preparation, and receptor placement procedures for both the
Chapter 22: Panoramic Imaging 2
TEACH Lesson Plan
CHAPTER PRETEST
Have the students answer these questions prior to covering this chapter to understand where they stand
in relation to the content.
1) In panoramic imaging, the ______ rotates around the patient.
a) dental chair
b) receptor c) tubehead and receptor
d) tubehead
2) The panoramic image is typically used to evaluate and diagnose:
a) impacted teeth.
b) caries. c) periodontal disease.
d) periapical lesions.
3) For a panoramic image, place what kind of item without a thyroid collar on the patient and secure it?
a) Lead apron
b) Bite-block c) Plastic poncho
d) Pair of dark sunglasses
4) Panoramic screen film is exposed by:
a) a shutter in the cassette with visible light.
b) electrons.
c) photons.
d) intensifying screens in a cassette
holder.
5) A ghost image occurs when:
a) the patient raises his or her hand while
an exposure is being made.
b) the patient moves while the receptor is
being exposed.
c) all metallic or radiodense objects are not
removed before the exposure of a
panoramic receptor.
d) the receptor is reversed after being
removed from the receptor carrier.
8) Which component in the panoramic x-ray machine tubehead is most different from that found in an
intraoral x-ray machine tubehead?
a) Filament
b) Target c) Heat sink
d) Collimator
9) The tubehead of the panoramic unit always rotates _____ the patient’s head as the receptor rotates
_____ the patient.
a) behind; in front of
b) behind; behind c) in front of; in front of
d) in front of; behind
10) A lead apron _____ a thyroid collar should be used when exposing a panoramic receptor, and the
patient should be told to raise the tongue up to the _____.
a) without; palate
b) without; occlusal plane c) with; palate
d) with; occlusal plane
Chapter 22: Panoramic Imaging 3
TEACH Lesson Plan
IANNUCCI AND HOWERTON: Dental Radiography: Principles and Techniques, 5th Edition
CHAPTER PRETEST ANSWERS
1) c
In panoramic imaging, the receptor and the x-ray tubehead move around the patient. The x–ray
tubehead rotates around the patient’s head in one direction, while the receptor rotates in the opposite
direction.
p. 244
6) a
If the patient’s lips are not closed on the bite-block during the exposure of a panoramic projection, a
dark radiolucent shadow results that obscures anterior teeth.
p. 252-253
Chapter 22: Panoramic Imaging 4
TEACH Lesson Plan
IANNUCCI AND HOWERTON: Dental Radiography: Principles and Techniques, 5th Edition
Classroom Preparation
Lesson 22.1: Panoramic Imaging
INSTRUCTOR PREPARATION
Textbook Objectives Covered
1. Define the key terms associated with panoramic imaging.
2. Describe the purpose and uses of panoramic imaging.
3. Describe the fundamentals of panoramic imaging.
National Standards Covered
ABHES DAI (Dental Assisting I – Basic)
• Section A: Curriculum, Competencies, Externship and/or Internal Clinical Experience:
• Clinical equipment function and maintenance: Operate dental equipment according to
manufacturer’s guidelines and institutional policy. (4.b)
ABHES DAII (Dental Assisting II – Advanced)
• Section A: Curriculum, Competencies, Externship and/or Internal Clinical Experience:
• Clinical equipment function and maintenance: Operate dental equipment according to
CODA Standards for Dental Assisting Programs
• Standard 2: Educational Program:
CODA Standards for Dental Hygiene Programs
• Standard 2: Educational Program:
• Curriculum content: Dental sciences content must include tooth morphology, head, neck and oral
Chapter 22: Panoramic Imaging 5
TEACH Lesson Plan
IANNUCCI AND HOWERTON: Dental Radiography: Principles and Techniques, 5th Edition
Lesson Preparation Checklist
• Prepare lecture from TEACH lecture slides available on Evolve.
Materials and Supplies
• computer
Instructor Note
• The estimated time for student preparation marked with an asterisk (*) will increase depending on how
Chapter 22: Panoramic Imaging 6
TEACH Lesson Plan
IANNUCCI AND HOWERTON: Dental Radiography: Principles and Techniques, 5th Edition
Classroom Preparation
Lesson 22.1: Panoramic Imaging
STUDENT PREPARATION (6* hrs)
1
ANSWER – Textbook
READ – Textbook (pp. 244-256)
• Quiz Questions: Multiple Choice, question 3 (pp. 258-259)
5
READ – Textbook (pp. 249-250)
• Procedure 22-1: Equipment Preparation for Panoramic Imaging (p. 249)
• Procedure 22-2: Patient Preparation for Panoramic Imaging (p. 249)
• Procedure 22-3: Patient Positioning for Panoramic Imaging (p. 250)
ANSWER – Textbook
• Quiz Questions:
• Multiple Choice, questions 4, 5 (pp. 258-259)
• Essay, questions 21-23 (p. 259)
8
READ – Textbook (pp. 257-258)
ANSWER – Textbook
• Quiz Questions: Essay, question 25 (p. 259)
REVIEW – Workbook Module 4: Technique Basics
• Review Materials (p. 176)
Chapter 22: Panoramic Imaging 7
TEACH Lesson Plan
IANNUCCI AND HOWERTON: Dental Radiography: Principles and Techniques, 5th Edition
STUDENT PREPARATION (6* hrs) (Continued)
All
REVIEW – Laboratory Manual*
• Module 11: Practice with Peer Patients (pp. 463–465)
• Module 14: Competency Examination: Peer Patient Panoramic Technique (pp. 479-483)
PRACTICE – Laboratory Manual*
Chapter 22: Panoramic Imaging 8
TEACH Lesson Plan
IANNUCCI AND HOWERTON: Dental Radiography: Principles and Techniques, 5th Edition
50–Minute Lesson Plan
Lesson 22.1: Panoramic Imaging
LECTURE OUTLINE (40 min)
1
&
2
KEY TERMS AND PURPOSE OF PANORAMIC IMAGING: SLIDES 4-7 (pp. 244-256)
• Discuss the key terms associated with panoramic imaging.
• Describe the purpose and uses of panoramic imaging.
7
PREPARATION AND POSITIONING ERRORS: SLIDES 35–49 (pp. 252-257)
• Describe the patient preparation and patient positioning errors seen on panoramic images,
discuss the causes of these errors, and describe the necessary measures needed to correct
such errors.
LEARNING ACTIVITIES (choose one or more to equal 10 min)
1
&
2
REVIEW (10 min)
• Go around the room and have each student use one of the key terms in a clinically relevant
sentence in order to define the term. Continue until all terms have been used; if students
become stuck, have the rest of the class offer suggestions.
• Appropriate Settings: Traditional classroom, flipped classroom
DISCUSS (10 min)
• Lead the class in a discussion on why a dentist may need and want a panoramic film taken on
a patient.
• Appropriate Settings: Traditional classroom, flipped classroom
findings with the class for further discussion.
• Appropriate Settings: Traditional classroom, flipped classroom
Chapter 22: Panoramic Imaging 9
TEACH Lesson Plan
IANNUCCI AND HOWERTON: Dental Radiography: Principles and Techniques, 5th Edition
LEARNING ACTIVITIES (choose one or more to equal 10 min) (Continued)
7
should post their answers and conduct an online discussion in comments. Each student should
ANALYZE (10 min)
• Divide the class into small groups, and provide each group with a radiograph that has a ghost
image and one that has a lead apron artifact error. Have the students identify the errors and
then discuss how to correct each error. Have the students share their findings with the class for
further discussion.
• Appropriate Settings: Traditional classroom, flipped classroom
8
REVIEW (15 min)
• Divide the class into groups, and have each group make index cards with the pros and cons of
panoramic imaging. Then, have groups exchange their cards with another group and quiz
themselves using the set of cards they received.
• Appropriate Settings: Traditional classroom, flipped classroom
CRITICAL THINKING QUESTION
A 28-year-old woman came to the office for a panoramic image. All procedural steps were
followed for panoramic exposure, but on processing, the image showed a large radiopaque area
concealing a portion of the mandible. What is this type of error? What needs to be done in the
future to prevent it?
Discussion Guidelines: This large radiopaque error was caused either by improper placement of the
Chapter 22: Panoramic Imaging 10
TEACH Lesson Plan
IANNUCCI AND HOWERTON: Dental Radiography: Principles and Techniques, 5th Edition
Assessments
Chapter 22: Panoramic Imaging
ASSESSMENTS BY OBJECTIVE
2
Evolve Instructor Resources
• Test Bank: Multiple Choice, questions 1, 2
• Test Bank: Multiple Choice, questions 5-11, 18, 32
• Test Bank: Multiple Choice, questions 12-17, 19-22
Evolve Instructor Resources
• Test Bank: Multiple Choice, question 34
• Test Bank: Multiple Choice, question 33
7
• Identification and Short Answer: Panoramic Image #6 / Fig. 22-6, questions 1-3 (p. 158)
• Identification and Short Answer: Panoramic Image #7 / Fig. 22-7, question 1 (p. 159)
• Critical Thinking Question 5 (p. 166)
Workbook Module 4: Technique Basics
• Review Materials (p. 176)
Evolve Instructor Resources
• Test Bank: Multiple Choice, questions 23–30
Workbook Module 4: Technique Basics
• Identification and Short Answer: Panoramic Image #1 / Fig. 22-1, questions 1, 2 (p. 153)
• Identification and Short Answer: Panoramic Image #2 / Fig. 22-2, question 1 (p. 154)
All
Laboratory Manual
• Module 11: Practice with Peer Patients (pp. 463-465)
• Module 13: Peer Patient Exercises: Panoramic Technique (pp. 471-477)
• Module 14: Competency Examination: Peer Patient Panoramic Technique (pp. 479–483)
Chapter 22: Panoramic Imaging 11
TEACH Lesson Plan
IANNUCCI AND HOWERTON: Dental Radiography: Principles and Techniques, 5th Edition
Simulations
Chapter 22: Panoramic Imaging
SIMULATIONS BY OBJECTIVE
Patient and Equipment Preparation (45 min)
5
Equipment Needed
• bite-block
• disposable plastic cover slip for bite-block
PRACTICE – Textbook
• Procedure 22-1: Equipment Preparation for Panoramic Imaging (p. 249): Demonstrate to the
class the equipment preparation steps to be followed for panoramic imaging. After the