Counseling Chapter 9 Irm Not Punish The Offender Only Encourages Others Kill Their Spouses The

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IRM 9-17

a. To not punish the offender only encourages others to kill their spouses.

b. The victim is partially or fully responsible for their own death.

c. The death occurred due to self-defense and not revenge.

d. The killing should be classified as a justifiable homicide and not as a murder.

Question 4

In an instance of an intimate homicide committed by one spouse against the other, victim-blaming

advocates assert that the deceased male victim is different from other men in their extreme views and

behaviors. Which of the following is NOT a way that men killed by their wives are different from other

men?

a. Men who are killed are those whose wives have never called police or reported the abuse.

b. Men who are killed have wives that have fewer resources to be independent of their husbands.

c. Men who are killed have socially and economically isolated their wives.

d. Men who are killed are even more abusive than the typical batterer.

What Would You Do?

IRM 9-18

This is a high-profile case. It has been extensively covered by the press. The judge in the case has

commented that she hopes the prosecution and the defense restrain from conducting “trial by

press.” Yet she has not issued a gag order in the case, and you do not want to antagonize the judge

into doing so. You do recognize the need to get out in front of this and get people in the community

What would you do?

a. Aggressively reach out to the press and offer information and accept media invitations to discuss the

case offered by the media. Be strategic and approach and accept invitations from media where you

believe the correspondent to be supportive of the position of your client on the self-defense argument.

b. Do few media spots on the case, if any at all. You know that the judge will question the potential

Summary A:

You decide to aggressively reach out to the press and to strategically accept media requests for

interviews. You believe that this is the best strategy to vigorously represent your client. You believe

that this is such a high profile case that it is possible that news media coverage of the lead up to the

Summary B:

You decide to do few media spots on the case, if any at all. A decision is made to focus your time

and energy on more fruitful pursuits. You know that the prosecution will seek to have a jury

empaneled that is not biased in favor of your client by media attention. You decide to hire a

psychologist to help you develop a strategy to identify potential members of the jury who have

IRM 9-19

To learn more about when men murder women in an intimate relationship, see ““The Rediscovery

of Wife Beating,” and “Victim Provocation and Murder: When is the Slaying of a Wife Beater

Justified?”

Question 3

When a spouse is killed the dead spouse is the victim in a criminal trial, whereas the person who claims to

have endured the years of abuse and killed because of it is the offender. Which of the following is an

example of a victim-defending assertion?

a. To not punish the offender only encourages others to kill their spouses.

b. The victim is partially or fully responsible for their own death.

c. The death occurred due to self-defense and not revenge.

d. The killing should be classified as a justifiable homicide and not as a murder.

Question 4

In an instance of an intimate homicide committed by one spouse against the other, victim-blaming

advocates assert that the deceased male victim is different from other men in their extreme views and

behaviors. Which of the following is NOT a way that men killed by their wives are different from other

men?

a. Men who are killed are those whose wives have never called police or reported the abuse.

b. Men who are killed have wives with fewer resources to be independent of their husbands.

c. Men who are killed have socially and economically isolated their wives.

d. Men who are killed are even more abusive then the typical batterer.

IRM 9-20

a. Correct. Very often women who kill their abusive spouses have had numerous interactions with law

enforcement and feel that they have little to no options left. See “Victim Provocation and Murder: When

is the Slaying of a Wife Beater Justified?,” LO3, Bloom’s: Understand

b. Incorrect. It is true that men who are killed by their wives had wives that had few resources to easily

become independent from the batterer. See “Victim Provocation and Murder: When is the Slaying of a

Wife Beater Justified?,” LO3, Bloom’s: Understand

c. Incorrect. It is true that men who are killed by their wives have wives who are socially and

economically isolated. See “Victim Provocation and Murder: When is the Slaying of a Wife Beater

Justified?,” LO3, Bloom’s: Understand

d. Incorrect. It is true that men who are killed by their wives have been more abusive and have escalated

the violence to a degree not seen in the typical batterer. See “Victim Provocation and Murder: When is

the Slaying of a Wife Beater Justified?,” LO3, Bloom’s: Understand

What Would You Do?

This is a high-profile case. It has been extensively covered by the press. The judge in the case has

commented that she hopes the prosecution and the defense restrain from conducting “trial by

press.” Yet she has not issued a gag order in the case, and you do not want to antagonize the judge

into doing so. You do recognize the need to get out in front of this and get people in the community

used to the notion that a battered woman can be made to feel helpless, so much so that this leads to

What would you do?

a. Aggressively reach out to the press and offer information and accept media invitations to discuss the

case offered by the media. Be strategic and approach and accept invitations from media where you

Summary A:

You decide to aggressively reach out to the press and to strategically accept media requests for

interviews. You believe that this is the best strategy to vigorously represent your client. You believe

that this is such a high profile case that it is possible that news media coverage of the lead up to the

trial will be so intense that it will be difficult to find potential jury members who have not heard

IRM 9-21

To learn more about when men murder women in an intimate relationship, see ““The Rediscovery

of Wife Beating,” and “Victim Provocation and Murder: When is the Slaying of a Wife Beater

Justified?”

Summary B:

You decide to do few media spots on the case, if any at all. A decision is made to focus your time an

energy on more fruitful pursuits. You know that the judge and the prosecution will seek to have a

jury empaneled that is unbiased by media attention. You decide to hire a psychologist to help you

develop a strategy to identify potential members of the jury who have underlying attitudes and

To learn more about when men murder women in an intimate relationship, see ““The Rediscovery

of Wife Beating,” and “Victim Provocation and Murder: When is the Slaying of a Wife Beater

Justified?”

Chapter 9 Review

1. Which is the newer and more inclusive phrase used today that represents violence within romantic

relationships?

a. Intimate partner violence

b. Intimate family violence

c. Domestic violence

d. Wife beating

2. Which of the following fully supports the rights of the husband to dominate his wife?

a. Patriarchy

b. Post-1600s Puritan laws against abuse

c. The rule of thumb

d. The practice of “moderate correction within domestic chastisement”

IRM 9-22

3. Which of the following statements is the maximalist MOST likely to support?

a. Many incidents of female abuse against a male reflect her attempt at self-defense.

b. Police officers looking for signs of abuse need to remember that not all abuse incidents lead to bruising.

c. Wives often use claims of abuse as a way to gain custody of children in divorce proceedings.

d. Just because there is insufficient evidence to charge the male does not mean she was telling a lie about

the abuse.

4. Which of the following statements is the victim defender MOST likely to support?

a. Women are responsible for inciting the wrath of their husbands.

b. Aggressive and demanding women take advantage of their shy and dependent husbands.

c. Women hold secret masochistic cravings to be punished by her male partner.

d. Male abusers are typically bigger and stronger than the female victims.

IRM 9-23

a. Incorrect. This position, held by victim blamers, argues that the abuse would never have occurred had

the woman not provoked her husband in some way (by taunting or challenging him, for example). LO4,

Bloom’s: Understand [The Rediscovery of “Wife Beating”]

b. Incorrect. Victim blamers are more likely to see aggressive women as the cause of domestic disputes.

Rather than women being weak in the relationship, they are the ones who feed the violence. LO4,

Bloom’s: Understand [The Rediscovery of “Wife Beating”]

c. Incorrect. First supported by Freudian psychology, victim blamers argue that women enjoy the

suffering that results from the abuse. Therefore, they set up situations within their intimate relationships

for abuse. LO4, Bloom’s: Understand [The Rediscovery of “Wife Beating”]

d. Correct. The stereotypical view of the offender and the victim held by victim defenders is that the male

abuser is bigger and stronger, and thus takes advantage of the smaller and weaker victim who is unable to

protect herself. LO4, Bloom’s: Understand [The Rediscovery of “Wife Beating”]

5. All of the following are specifically identified by the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) as a form of

intimate partner violence EXCEPT __________.

a. bullying the victim in an effort to undermine the person’s sense of self-worth

b. forcibly tattooing a young woman against her will

c. sneaking into a partner’s home or car

d. pushing, scratching, or biting the victim

6. Which of the following study results is MOST likely to be presented to the public by a maximalist?

a. Women sustain about 2 million injuries from intimate partner violence each year.

b. As many as 60 percent of female intimate partner violence victims and 85 percent of male ones do not

sustain any physical injury from their experience.

c. Only 0.5 people (both male and female) out of every 100,000 were slain by an intimate.

d. Less than 3 out of every 1,000 persons age 12 or older suffered a simple or aggravated assault from an

intimate partner.

IRM 9-24

d. Incorrect. This result comes from a 2014 study of NCVS data by Truman and Langton in 2014.

Minimalists, not maximalists, would be likely to present this information publically because it reflects a

small number of people who were assaulted during intimate partner violence. LO4, Bloom’s: Understand

[The Rediscovery of “Wife Beating”]

7. Which of the following is true regarding the trends in murders due to intimate partner violence between

the years of 1977 and 2015?

a. The number of murders for both males and females has increased.

b. The number of murders for both males and females has decreased.

c. The number of murders for males has increased, while the number of murders for females has

decreased.

d. The number of murders for males has decreased, while the number of murders for females has

increased.

8. In which phase of the battered woman syndrome is the abuser MOST likely to apologize and ask for

forgiveness?

a. Learned helplessness phase

b. Acute battering incident phase

c. Tension-building phase

d. Reconciliation phase

9. Activists in the battered women’s movement would be MOST likely to accept which of the following

explanations for intimate partner violence?

a. Learning theory’s sex-role socialization

b. Bonding theory’s attachment concept

c. Investment theory’s commitment argument

d. The psychological perspective of individual pathology

10. Feminist theory supports which of the following explanations for intimate partner violence?

a. Resorting to physical violence to settle disputes is more acceptable in poor communities than within the

middle class.

b. A patriarchal system promotes and enforces intimate partner violence.

c. Power stems from economic and social position.

d. Resorting to force is a way of regaining normalcy within a relationship.

IRM 9-26

stress through violence may bring stress levels down to something more manageable. LO2, Bloom’s:

Understand [The Rediscovery of “Wife Beating”]

11. Which of the following statements is false regarding shelters for victims of intimate partner violence?

a. The first shelter in American was established in 1974 in St. Paul, Minnesota.

b. Shelters place restrictions on the age of children allowed in the facility.

c. Shelters place restrictions on whether pets can be brought into the facility.

d. Shelters are one type of reform that has experienced universal support since they were established.

12. Which police response leads to the lowest recidivism rate for intimate partner violence, according to

the classic 1980s field experiment conducted in Minneapolis, Minnesota?

a. The officer compels the batterer to leave for a period of time to cool off.

b. The couple is referred to counseling by the police officer.

c. An arrest is made of the aggressor by the police officer.

d. Both the aggressor and the victim are arrested by the officer.

13. Historically, prosecuting attorneys have been cautious about pursuing cases of intimate partner

violence for all of the following reasons EXCEPT __________.

a. many women would change their mind about prosecuting the abuser

b. conviction rates in cases of intimate partner violence were low

c. the belief that intimate partner violent cases are private matters that should be resolved elsewhere

IRM 9-27

d. the prosecuting attorney supported the no-drop approach

14. Which judicial reform fails to serve the needs of victims of intimate partner violence

a. Integrating victims’ wishes in bail decisions

b. Approving orders of protection and restraining orders for victims

c. Implementing pro-arrest policies

d. Establishing special domestic violence courts

15. Which legislative reform fails to support victims of intimate partner violence?

a. Giving landlords the right to penalize those who break their lease in order to move away from an abuser

b. Informing victims as to the whereabouts of the offender within the correctional system

c. Allowing for civil orders of protection for unmarried victims, as well as married victims

d. Gun surrender laws

IRM 9-28

a. Correct. Legislation supports the fleeing victim from civil lawsuits by their landlords when they break a

lease to get away from an abuser. Legislation recognizes the safety needs of the victim outweigh the

financial needs of the landlord. LO8, Bloom’s: Understand [The Rediscovery of “Wife Beating”]

b. Incorrect. Legislation supports an electronic system that will notify registered victims when the

location of the offender changes or the offender is released to the community on bail or on probation.

LO8, Bloom’s: Understand [The Rediscovery of “Wife Beating”]

c. Incorrect. Civil orders of protection originally were reserved for married victims. Legislative reforms

now allow unmarried victims to receive them, too. LO8, Bloom’s: Understand [The Rediscovery of “Wife

Beating”]

d. Incorrect. Although controversial, gun surrender laws in many states prohibit those issued with an order

of protection from owning a gun while the order is in place. Critics argue this law violates gun ownership

rights. LO8, Bloom’s: Understand [The Rediscovery of “Wife Beating”]

16. Challenges to the meta-analysis of journal articles that found 28 percent of females and 22 percent of

males reported that they had perpetrated physical violence in intimate relationships can be found in each

of the following statements EXCEPT __________.

a. there is gender symmetry across offenders in intimate partner abuse

b. official statistics from the NCVS indicate that between 1994 and 2010, 80 percent of all victims of

partner violence were girls and women

c. the motives behind aggression by females is often self-defense

d. when considering the most severe aggression, the offender is overwhelmingly male

17. Victim-defending arguments in cases when the male batterer is killed include all of the following

EXCEPT __________.

a. law enforcement’s argument that the abused women should have called for assistance instead of

defending herself

b. prosecutors’ argument that while his physical assaults were wrong, she should not have escalated the

violence

c. court representatives’ argument that the truth will never be known with the death of the suspected

abuser

d. feminists’ argument that if he hadn’t been hitting on her in the first place, he wouldn’t have been killed

IRM 9-29

18. Which statement is more representative of male abusers who are killed by their female victims than

other male abusers in general?

a. His abuse is less frequent and less severe.

b. He consumes more drugs and alcohol.

c. He is less likely to have isolated the family from outsiders.

d. He is less likely to have also abused any children in the household.

19. Which statement regarding intimate partner violence that results in the abuser’s death presents a

system-blaming argument?

a. Social service agencies failed to protect the female victim who ultimately became the perpetrator.

b. The battered woman experienced temporary insanity at the time of the killing.

c. The courts had granted the female victim of abuse an order of protection against her abusive partner.

d. She had filed for divorce.

IRM 9-30

place where she has no other option but to lethally strike back against her abuser, we can say that the

system failed. LO3, Bloom’s: Understand [Victim Provocation and Murder: When is the Slaying of a

Wife Beater Justified?]

b. Incorrect. If a straight plea of self-defense is not accepted, at times the victim may use a version of self-

defense through a plea of temporary insanity. According to the perspective of the victim (although that

perspective was temporarily distorted) she had to strike out against the abuser. This is a victim-defending

argument. LO3, Bloom’s: Understand [Victim Provocation and Murder: When is the Slaying of a Wife

Beater Justified?]

c. Incorrect. Because the system did what it was supposed to by granting the order of protection, this is

not an example of the system-blaming approach. Instead, this reflects a victim-blaming approach because

he should have known he was legally obligated to stay away from her. LO3, Bloom’s: Understand

[Victim Provocation and Murder: When is the Slaying of a Wife Beater Justified?]

d. Incorrect. Because she had filed for divorce and he still treated her in an abusive way, this argument

supports the victim-blaming approach. LO3, Bloom’s: Understand [Victim Provocation and Murder:

When is the Slaying of a Wife Beater Justified?]

20. What percent of teenagers report having been physically hurt on purpose during a date in the previous

year, according to a 2014 study of 14,000 high school students?

a. 3 percent

b. 13 percent

c. 33 percent

d. 53 percent

21. Which of the following best represents official information on the rate of abuse of parents by

adolescents?

a. Information is clearest on whether it is the mother or the father who is most likely to be abused

b. Information is worst on the level of abuse experienced by stepparents

c. Data are best when an outsider is recruited to commit harm against a parent

d. Due to underreporting, all information is poor

IRM 9-31

parent. Due to underreporting, caution should be exercised when making any conclusions, however. LO1,

Bloom’s: Understand [The Rediscovery of Other Victims of Beatings]

c. Incorrect. The meager information on parental abuse that is available indicates that in the rare case

when a daughter is involved in the murder of a parent, she will recruit a male to be the actual killer. Due

to underreporting, caution should be exercised when making any conclusions, however. LO1, Bloom’s:

Understand [The Rediscovery of Other Victims of Beatings]

d. Correct. When adolescents batter their parents, mothers and fathers tend to feel ashamed and wish to

keep the incident private. Thus, due to severe underreporting, it is difficult to obtain official information

regarding parental abuse. LO1, Bloom’s: Understand [The Rediscovery of Other Victims of Beatings]

22. Which of the following statements concerning elder abuse is false?

a. All 50 state legislatures have passed mandatory reporting laws for cases of suspected elder abuse.

b. While adult protective services agencies can intervene on behalf of the abused senior, the senior retains

the option to refuse these services.

c. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention limits the definition of elder abuse to physical and

sexual harm, as well as neglect.

d. Elders are often reluctant to report the abuse they are experiencing.

23. Which characteristic is typical of those elders at lowest risk for abuse

a. Caucasian

b. Over the age of 80

c. Female

d. Diagnosed with dementia

IRM 9-32

c. Incorrect. Females are at higher risk for abuse. One reason for this may be their longer lifespan and

increased vulnerability as they age. LO10, Bloom’s: Remember [The Rediscovery of Other Victims of

Beatings]

d. Incorrect. The memory loss, confusion, and inability to care for oneself as a result of dementia will

increase their vulnerability and odds of being a victim of abuse. LO10, Bloom’s: Remember [The

Rediscovery of Other Victims of Beatings]

24. What percentage of same-sex couples report intimate partner violence?

a. 2 to 3 percent

b. 12 to 13 percent

c. 25 to 35 percent

d. 45 to 55 percent

25. Which of the following reflects a secondary prevention program to address intimate partner violence?

a. High school programs on dating violence

b. Media campaigns that challenge stereotypes of what it means to be a man or a woman

c. A counseling program for couples who have gone to court for an abusive incident

d. Programs to empower girls and women