&+$37(5Verbal Intercultural Communication
&+$37(52%-(&7,9(6
7RGLVFXVVZLWKVWXGHQWVWKHHIIHFWVRIODQJXDJHV\VWHPVRQSHRSOH¶VDELOLW\WR
FRPPXQLFDWHLQWHUFXOWXUDOO\
7REXLOGDQDZDUHQHVVRIKRZODQJXDJHLVQRWRQO\PDGHXSRIUXOHVDQGZRUGV
7REXLOGDQDZDUHQHVVRIKRZWKHSDWWHUQVRIDFXOWXUHZLOOEHUHIOHFWHGLQLWV
ODQJXDJHDQGYLFHYHUVD
7RLQWURGXFHVWXGHQWVWRWKHZD\VLQZKLFKODQJXDJHLVXVHGWRLGHQWLI\SHRSOHLQ
DJURXS
/(&785(/$81&+(56
 %HIRUHFODVVVHDUFKWKHZHEIRUDQH[KDXVWLYHOLVWRIVDXVDJHVRUFKHHVHVWKDWDUHSURGXFHGLQ
(XURSHZKHUHFRXQWULHVUHJLRQVDQGWRZQVRIWHQKDYHDORFDOYHUVLRQ&KDOOHQJHVWXGHQWVWRPDNHDQ
H[KDXVWLYHOLVWRIWKHIRRGRQWKHERDUG6WXGHQWVZLOOTXLFNO\UXQWKURXJKWKHUHJXODUVDYDLODEOHLQD
LWHP
&+$37(5287/,1(
,7KH3RZHURI/DQJXDJHLQ,QWHUFXOWXUDO&RPPXQLFDWLRQ
$/DQJXDJHLVOHDUQHGXQFRQVFLRXVO\ZLWKRXWDZDUHQHVVDQGLVWRRRIWHQWDNHQIRU
JUDQWHG
,,’HILQLWLRQRI9HUEDO&RGHVDQG)HDWXUHVRI/DQJXDJH
$9HUEDOPHDQV³FRQVLVWLQJRIZRUGV´HLWKHUVSRNHQRUDORUZULWWHQQRQRUDO
%$YHUEDOFRGHLVGHILQHGDVDVHWRIUXOHVDERXWWKHXVHRIZRUGVLQWKHFUHDWLRQRI
PHVVDJHV
&6\PEROVDUHZRUGVDFWLRQVRUREMHFWVWKDWVWDQGIRURUUHSUHVHQWDXQLWRI
PHDQLQJUHFDOOIURP&KDSWHU
‘5XOHV\VWHPVRIYHUEDOFRGHVJRYHUQWKHFRPSRVLWLRQDQGRUGHULQJRIV\PEROV
3KRQRORJ\UHIHUVWRWKHUXOHVRIODQJXDJHIRUFRPELQLQJSKRQHPHVEDVLF
XQLWVRIVRXQG
0RUSKRORJ\UHIHUVWRWKHUXOHVRIODQJXDJHIRUFRPELQLQJSKRQHPHVWRIRUP
(,QWHUSUHWDWLRQDQGLQWHUFXOWXUDOFRPPXQLFDWLRQ
’LVWLQJXLVKLQJEHWZHHQWUDQVODWLRQDQGLQWHUSUHWDWLRQ
D7UDQVODWLRQLVWKHXVHRIYHUEDOVLJQVRIRQHODQJXDJHWRXQGHUVWDQGWKH
YHUEDOVLJQVRIDQRWKHUODQJXDJH
E,QWHUSUHWDWLRQLVWKHRUDOSURFHVVRIPRYLQJIURPRQHFRGHWRDQRWKHU
D7UDQVODWLRQHTXLYDOHQFHLVXVHGWRGHVFULEHWKHSURFHVVRIWU\LQJWR
WUDQVODWHDQGUHSUHVHQWDVRXUFHODQJXDJHDVFORVHO\DVSRVVLEOH
E7\SHVRIHTXLYDOHQFH
9RFDEXODU\HTXLYDOHQFHUHIHUVWRILQGLQJDZRUGLQWKHWDUJHWODQJXDJH
WKDWKDVWKHVDPHPHDQLQJLQWKHVRXUFHODQJXDJH
,,,/DQJXDJH7KRXJKW&XOWXUHDQG,QWHUFXOWXUDO&RPPXQLFDWLRQ
$(YHU\ODQJXDJHKDVXQLTXHIHDWXUHVDQGZD\VRIDOORZLQJWKRVHZKRVSHDNLWWR
LGHQWLI\VSHFLILFREMHFWVDQGH[SHULHQFHV
7KHOLQJXLVWLFIHDWXUHVRIDODQJXDJHKHOSGLVWLQJXLVKLWIURPRWKHUV
%7KH6DSLU:KRUIK\SRWKHVLVRIOLQJXLVWLFUHODWLYLW\
7ZRYHUVLRQVRIWKHK\SRWKHVLVKDYHEHHQSURSRXQGHGD³ILUPHU´RU
GHWHUPLQLVWLFYHUVLRQDQGD³VRIWHU´YHUVLRQRIWKHUHODWLRQVKLSEHWZHHQ
ODQJXDJHDQGWKRXJKW
9DULDWLRQVLQYRFDEXODU\LQIOXHQFHSHUFHSWLRQ
D6RPHODQJXDJHVKDYHIHZHURUPRUHZRUGVIRUSDUWLFXODUIHDWXUHVRIWKH
HQYLURQPHQWLQIOXHQFLQJKRZSHRSOHSHUFHLYHREMHFWVDQGDFWLRQVDURXQG
WKHP
9DULDWLRQVLQOLQJXLVWLFJUDPPDUVKLJKOLJKWWKHUHODWLRQVKLSDPRQJODQJXDJH
WKRXJKWDQGFXOWXUH
D&XOWXUDOFRQFHSWLRQVRIWLPHFDQYDU\IURPFXOWXUHWRFXOWXUHDQG
LQIOXHQFHVSHUFHSWLRQV
E/DQJXDJHVDOORZDQGWRDFHUWDLQH[WHQWIRUFHVSHDNHUVWRGLVSOD\UHVSHFW
IRURWKHUV
/DQJXDJHVZLWKJUDPPDWLFDODQGVHPDQWLFIHDWXUHVWKDWPDNHWKH
VSHDNHUVGHFLGHZKHWKHUWRVKRZUHVSHFWDQGVRFLDOVWDWXVWRRWKHUVDUH
/LQJXLVWLFUHODWLYLW\DQGLQWHUFXOWXUDOFRPPXQLFDWLRQ
D%HFDXVHODQJXDJHSURYLGHVFDWHJRULHVIRUPDNLQJVHQVHRIWKHZRUOGZH
SHUFHLYHWKHZRUOGLQSDUWLFXODUZD\V
&/DQJXDJHDQGLQWHUFXOWXUDOFRPPXQLFDWLRQ
/DQJXDJHHWKQLFJURXSLGHQWLW\DQGGRPLQDQFH
D/DQJXDJHLVXVHGWRLGHQWLI\SHRSOHLQDJURXSE\PHPEHUVRIDJURXSDQG
E\RXWVLGHUVRIWKHJURXS
E6RPHODQJXDJHVVXUYLYHRYHUWLPHZKLOHRWKHUVGRQRW
HWKQROLQJXLVWLFYLWDOLW\ZKLFKUHIHUVWRWKHLQGLYLGXDO¶VVXEMHFWLYH
SHUFHSWLRQRIWKHVWDWXVGHPRJUDSKLFFKDUDFWHULVWLFVDQGLQVWLWXWLRQDO
VXSSRUWRIWKHODQJXDJHFRPPXQLW\
F/DQJXDJHSOD\VDQDFWLYHUROHLQWKHUHODWLRQVKLSRIRQHFXOWXUHWRDQRWKHU
+RZDUG*LOHVGHYHORSHGFRPPXQLFDWLRQDFFRPPRGDWLRQWKHRU\WR
H[SODLQZK\SHRSOHLQLQWHUFXOWXUDOFRQYHUVDWLRQVPD\FKRRVHWR
FRQYHUJHRUGLYHUJHWKHLUFRPPXQLFDWLRQEHKDYLRUVWRWKDWRIRWKHUV
3HRSOHDGDSWVSHHFKSDWWHUQVWRWKHEHKDYLRUVRIRWKHUVFRQYHUJHQFH
G3HRSOHDOVRPDNHDSRVLWLYHRUQHJDWLYHHYDOXDWLRQDERXWWKHODQJXDJH
RWKHUVXVHVRPHODQJXDJHVDUHPRUHUHVSHFWHGWKDQRWKHUV
$OWHUQDWLYHYHUVLRQVRIDODQJXDJHLPSO\WKDWQRODQJXDJHLVVSRNHQSUHFLVHO\
WKHVDPHZD\E\DOOZKRXVHLW
D’LDOHFWVDUHYHUVLRQVRIDODQJXDJHZLWKGLVWLQFWLYHYRFDEXODU\JUDPPDU
DQGSURQXQFLDWLRQWKDWDUHVSRNHQE\SDUWLFXODUJURXSVRISHRSOHRUZLWKLQ
SDUWLFXODUUHJLRQV
&RGHVZLWFKLQJUHIHUVWRWKHVHOHFWLRQRIWKHODQJXDJHWREHXVHGLQD
SDUWLFXODULQWHUDFWLRQE\LQGLYLGXDOVZKRFDQVSHDNPXOWLSOHODQJXDJHV
D7KHLQWHUDFWLRQVHWWLQJLQIOXHQFHVWKHGHFLVLRQWRXVHDSDUWLFXODUFRGH
E2QH¶VFRQYHUVDWLRQDOSDUWQHUVLQIOXHQFHWKHGHFLVLRQWRXVHDSDUWLFXODU
FRGH
,99HUEDO&RGHVDQG,QWHUFXOWXUDO&RPSHWHQFH
$7KHVWXG\RIDIRUHLJQODQJXDJHLVH[WUDRUGLQDULO\XVHIXOLQXQGHUVWDQGLQJWKHUROH
RIGLIIHUHQFHVLQYHUEDOFRGHVLQLQWHUFXOWXUDOFRPPXQLFDWLRQ
%/HDUQLQJDIRUHLJQODQJXDJHWHDFKHVPXFKDERXWWKHFXOWXUHRIWKRVHZKRXVHLW
96XPPDU\
‘,6&866,2148(67,216
%DVHGRQWKHH[DPSOHVDWWKHEHJLQQLQJRI&KDSWHULQWKHWH[WZKDWGR\RXWKLQN
/XGZLJ:LWWJHQVWHLQPHDQWZKHQKHVDLGWKDW³WKHOLPLWVRIP\ODQJXDJHDUHWKH
OLPLWVRIP\ZRUOG´”
:KDWDUHWKHILYHVHWVRIUXOHVWKDWFRPELQHWRFUHDWHDYHUEDOFRGHRUODQJXDJH”
,VDFFXUDWHWUDQVODWLRQDQGLQWHUSUHWDWLRQIURPRQHODQJXDJHWRDQRWKHUSRVVLEOH“
D)LUVWDVNVWXGHQWVWRGLVWLQJXLVKEHWZHHQWUDQVODWLRQDQGLQWHUSUHWDWLRQ
$VNVWXGHQWVWRGLVFXVVWKHLULQWHUSUHWDWLRQRIWKH6DSLU:KRUI+\SRWKHVLV
D%HJLQWKHGLVFXVVLRQE\UHIHUULQJVWXGHQWVWRWKHWH[W+DYHRQHVWXGHQWUHDGWKH
TXRWDWLRQDORXG(OLFLWVWXGHQWFRPPHQWV
:KDWGRWKHSKUDVHV³YDULDWLRQVLQYRFDEXODU\´DQG³YDULDWLRQVLQOLQJXLVWLF
JUDPPDUV´PHDQ”5HIHUVWXGHQWVWRWKHUHOHYDQWSDJHVLQWKHWH[W
D6WDUWZLWKWKHILUVWSKUDVH³YDULDWLRQVLQYRFDEXODU\´DQGDVNVWXGHQWVWRWDON
DERXWWKHH[DPSOHVSURYLGHGLQWKHWH[W7KHQKDYHWKHPSURYLGHDGGLWLRQDO
H[DPSOHVEDVHGRQWKHLUNQRZOHGJHRIDQGH[SHULHQFHFRPPXQLFDWLQJLQDQRWKHU
ODQJXDJH
+RZPDQ\RI\RXVWXGHQWVLGHQWLI\\RXUVHOIDVDPHPEHURIRQHRUPRUHVRFLDO
JURXSV”
D$VWKHVWXGHQWVFRPPHQWOLVWDFURVVWKHWRSRIWKHERDUGWKHJURXSVLQZKLFKWKH\
LGHQWLI\WKHPVHOYHVDVDPHPEHU
G$JDLQGHSHQGLQJRQWKHNLQGDQGTXDOLW\RISDUWLFLSDWLRQ\RXJHWGLVFXVVLRQWLPH
FRXOGYDU\ZLGHO\
:KDWLVWKHGLIIHUHQFHEHWZHHQDGLDOHFWDQGDQDFFHQW”:KDWLVWKHGLIIHUHQFH
EHWZHHQMDUJRQDQGDUJRW”*LYHDQH[DPSOHRIHDFKRIWKHVHWHUPV
,16758&7,21$/$&7,9,7,(6
$FWLYLW\9HUEDO,QWHUFXOWXUDO&RPPXQLFDWLRQ
*RDORIWKLVDFWLYLW\
7RKHOSVWXGHQWVEHFRPHDZDUHRIDQGHYDOXDWHWKHUHODWLRQVKLSEHWZHHQODQJXDJH
WKRXJKWFXOWXUHDQGFRPPXQLFDWLRQ
,QWURGXFWRU\&RPPHQWV
‘LUHFWLRQV
$VNWKHVWXGHQWVWRPDNHFRPSDULVRQVEHWZHHQWKH(QJOLVKODQJXDJHDQGDQRWKHU
ODQJXDJHWKH\KDYHVWXGLHGRUWKHLUVHFRQGODQJXDJHLI(QJOLVKLVQRWWKHLUILUVW
ODQJXDJH
F:KHQ\RXVSHDN\RXUVHFRQGODQJXDJHLVWKHUHDGLIIHUHQWHPRWLRQDOFRQWH[W
WRWKHODQJXDJHXVH”
7LPH5HTXLUHG
7KLVDFWLYLW\ZRUNVEHVWDVDWDNHKRPHDVVLJQPHQW$VVLJQLWWKHGD\EHIRUH\RXZDQW
WRKDYHH[DPSOHVLQFODVV$QWLFLSDWHWKHDFWLYLW\WDNLQJRQHFODVVKRXUGHSHQGLQJRQ
WKHQXPEHURIVWXGHQWVWKDW\RXKHDUIURPLQFODVV
$GGLWLRQDO&RPPHQWV
$FWLYLW\:RUGV6KDSH3HUFHSWLRQV
*RDORIWKLVDFWLYLW\
7RGHPRQVWUDWHKRZODQJXDJHDQGYHUEDOFXHVDIIHFWSHUFHSWLRQ,QRWKHUZRUGVWR
VKRZVWXGHQWVWKHFRQQHFWLRQEHWZHHQODQJXDJHDQGWKRXJKW
,QWURGXFWRU\&RPPHQWV
0DWHULDOV1HHGHG
<RXZLOOQHHGWRFUHDWHWZRVHWVRIKDQGRXWVZLWKLGHQWLFDOGUDZLQJVEXWZLWK
GLIIHUHQWYHUEDOFXHVEHVLGHHDFKRIWKHGUDZLQJV)RUH[DPSOHRQHVHWFRXOGKDYHD
‘LUHFWLRQV
)ROGDOORIWKHKDQGRXWVERWKVHWVLQKDOIVRWKDWRQRQHVLGHWKHSLFWXUHVDUH
YLVLEOHDQGWKHRWKHUWKHZRUGVDUHYLVLEOH
1H[WDVNWKHVWXGHQWVWRWXUQWKHKDQGRXWRYHUVRWKHZRUGVDUHLQIURQWRIWKHP
DQGWKHGUDZLQJVDUHQRORQJHUYLVLEOH$VNWKHVWXGHQWVWRGRWKHLURZQZRUNDQG
UHSURGXFHWKHGUDZLQJV$VWKHFODVVEHJLQVWRGUDZZDONDURXQGWKHFODVVURRP
WRVHHKRZHDFKVWXGHQWLVGRLQJ,QYDULDEO\DWOHDVWVRPHVWXGHQWVZLOOPDNH
GLVWRUWLRQVLQWKHGLUHFWLRQRIWKHYHUEDOFXH
:KLOHWKHVWXGHQWVDUHDWWKHERDUGVRPHRIWKHRWKHUVWXGHQWVZLOOEHJLQWRJXHVV
ZKDWLVKDSSHQLQJ
$IWHUDOOWKHSDLUVRIGUDZLQJVDUHRQWKHERDUGDVNWKHREVHUYLQJVWXGHQWVWRWDON
DERXWWKHLUREVHUYDWLRQV
7LPH5HTXLUHG
([DPSOHVRIGHEULHILQJTXHVWLRQVDUH
:KDWGR\RXWKLQNWKHSXUSRVHRIWKLVDFWLYLW\ZDV”
:K\GRWKHGUDZLQJVRQWKHERDUGDSSHDUDVWKH\GR”,JDYH\RXH[DFWO\WKHVDPH
VHWRIGUDZLQJV:KDWKDSSHQHG”
:KDWOLQNVWRWKHFKDSWHUFDQ\RXPDNHDWWKLVSRLQW”