Northouse, Introduction to Leadership: Concepts and Practice, 4e
SAGE Publishing, 2018
Lecture Notes
Chapter 1: Understanding Leadership
Chapter Summary
I. Leadership Explained
A. Trait Approach
B. Behavior Approach
C. Situational Approach
II. Global Leadership Attributes
A. American Perspective
B. The GLOBE Studies
III. The Dark Side of Leadership
A. Definitions
B. Three Preconditions
IV. Practicing Leadership
A. Demand for Leadership
B. Effective Leadership
V. Leadership Snapshot
A. Indra Nooyi, CEO, PepsiCo
VI. Case Study: King of the Hill
Chapter Objectives
1. Review the evolution of leadership.
2. Examine the different perspectives on leadership.
3. Understand the impact of culture on leader effectiveness.
Northouse, Introduction to Leadership: Concepts and Practice, 4e
SAGE Publishing, 2018
Lecture Notes
• Which dimension of leadership seems closest to how you think of leadership?
• How would you define leadership?
I. Defining Leadership
A. The evolution of leadership
2. Studies of leadership have emerged from every discipline.
3. As a result, there are many approaches to leadership.
B. Leadership is a trait.
1. Early trait theories were called “Great Man” theories.
3. Definition: A trait is a distinguishing quality of an individual, which is
often inherited. Thus the view that, “leaders are born, not made.”
5. Effective leadership is a result of utilizing the right traits at the right
time.
C. Leadership is ability.
1. Definition: Ability refers to a natural capacity, but can be acquired.
3. Individual’s abilities create outstanding leadership.
4. UCLA Coach John Wooden’s four principles: explanation,
demonstration, imitation, and repetition.
D. Leadership is a skill.
2. Example: Fund-raising
3. People can learn or develop competencies.
E. Leadership is a behavior.
1. Research began in 1930s at Ohio State University and University of
Michigan on how leaders act in small groups.
3. Task behaviors get the job done.
5. Challenge for leaders is to combine the two behaviors to achieve desired
outcomes.
Northouse, Introduction to Leadership: Concepts and Practice, 4e
SAGE Publishing, 2018
F. Leadership is situational.
1. Premise is that different situations demand different kinds of leadership.
3. Path goal theory and contingency theory are outgrowths of this early
research.
G. Leadership is a relationship.
1. Research began in the 1990s.
2. Research evolved into Leader-Member Exchange Theory, which
4. Leadership is not restricted to the formally designated leader in a group.
5. Ethical overtone; working together for a common good.
H. Leadership is transformational.
1. Research began in the mid 1980s.
3. Charismatic leadership.
I. Leadership is multi-dimensional.
2. Spiritual leadership
4. Gender based leadership
5. Cultural and global leadership
J. Leadership is an influence process.
1. Definition: Leadership is a process whereby an individual influences a
group of individuals to achieve a common goal.
3. Stresses common goals.
5. Managers are people who do things right, whereas leaders are people
who do the right thing.
K. Theory or Approach?
1. Terms not the same
3. Theory uses hypotheses, principles or propositions to explain the
leadership process.
II. Global Leadership Attributes
A. Are there global leadership attributes?
B. The leadership concepts in this book are from an American perspective.
C. The GLOBE studies (2004)
1. Surveyed 17,000 people in 62 countries
2. Identified 22 positive leader attributes, 8 negative leader attributes.
III. The Dark Side of Leadership
A. Same processes at work as above, but for selfish or amoral purposes.
Northouse, Introduction to Leadership: Concepts and Practice, 4e
SAGE Publishing, 2018
B. Toxic leaders leave followers worse off then before.
C. Three preconditions for destructive leadership to occur:
2. Susceptible followers
3. Conducive environment
IV. Practicing Leadership
A. Strong demand for effective leadership today.
B. Effective leadership is intended influence that creates change for the greater
good.
C. Challenge is for each of us to be prepared to lead when we are asked to.
V. Leadership Snapshot
A. Indra Nooyi, CEO, PepsiCo
B. One of top female executives in the US.
VI. Case Study