68 chapter 3 • decimalS
REvIEw ExERcIsEs
Write the following numbers in word form.
ExamplE2
roUnding
decimalS
Round the following numbers to the indicated place.
a. .0292 to hundredths b. .33945 to thousandths c. 36.798 to tenths
d. 177.0212782 to hundred-thousandths e. $46.976 to cents f. $66.622 to dollars
SolutionStrategy
Decimal Number Indicated Place Rounded Number
tryitexerciSe 2
Round the following numbers to the indicated place.
3
Section i
2. 2.48
3. .081
1. .21
4. 14.659
5. 98,045.045
6. .000033
7. .00938
8. 36.99
2
9. .00057
10. $2,885.59
fifty-nine cents
Write the following numbers in numerical form.
11. Eight tenths
.8
12. Twenty-nine thousandths
Most business calculators, such as
the Texas Instruments BA II Plus, store
numeric values internally to an accuracy
of 13 digits, but you can specify the
number of decimal places you want
to display. When using the “floating-
decimal” option, the calculator displays
up to 10 digits.
Learning Tip
Section i • UnderStanding decimal nUmberS 69
13. Sixty-seven thousand, three hundred nine and four hundredths
14. Eleven hundred fifty-four dollars and thirty-four cents
15. On three consecutive laps at the Indianapolis Motor Speedway, a race car was timed at 41.507
seconds, 41.057 seconds, and 41.183 seconds. List these times in ascending order, from shortest
to longest.
16. On an assembly line quality control test at Hi-Volt Electronics, silver wire measured 0.9 inches,
0.962 inches, 0.098 inches, and 0.9081 inches in diameter. List these measurements in descending
order, from largest to smallest.
super-sized speedway The Indianapolis
Motor Speedway, with a seating capacity
the country. According to The Wall Street
Journal, the property could hold about 40
Yankee Stadiums, 12 Wimbledon tennis
campuses, or two Vatican Cities!
AP Images/John R. Fulton Jr
Round the following numbers to the indicated place.
17. .448557 to hundredths
18. 123.0069 to thousandths
19. .4813501 to ten-thousandths
20. .0100393 to hundred-thousandths
21. $688.75 to dollars
22. $14.59582 to cents
23. 88.964 to tenths
24. 43.0056 to hundredths
25. 1.344 to hundredths
26. 45.80901 to a whole number
BusInEss DEcIsIon: TEcH Talk
27. You are the assistant to the production manager for All American Industries. When you arrived
at work, there was a message on your answering machine from an important client with a rush
order. It stated the following:
Hi! This is Lee Perry from Precision Fabricators. We need sixteen, three and three-quarter-inch
widgets with a gap of fifty-seven thousandths; twenty, four and three-eighth-inch widgets with a
gap of two hundred forty-nine ten-thousandths of an inch; and twenty-five widget connectors with
clamps that adjust from one and twenty-three hundredths inches to five and three hundred seventy-
six thousandths. Please bill and ship the order to the usual address. Thanks.
a. Write this order in numerals for the production department to process.
All American Industries—Production Order
Quantity Description
b. If widgets cost $4.80 per inch regardless of gap size and connectors cost $17.95 each,
calculate the total cost of the order.
A micrometer is a device used in
science and engineering for precisely
80−100 microns.
A millimeter (symbol mm) is a
unit of length in the metric system
equal to one-thousandth of a meter.
© Theerapol Pongkangsananan/Shutterstock.com
85461_ch03_hr_064-090.indd 69 9/23/15 4:34 PM
Section ii • decimal nUmberS and the FUndamental proceSSeS 73
ExamplE5
B dividing
decimalS
Divide:
358.75 ÷17.5.
SolutionStrategy
358.75 ÷17.5 =
17.5q358.75
In this example, the divisor, 17.5, is a decimal with one place. To make it a
whole number, move the decimal point one place to the right.
Division Shortcut
Whenever you divide a decimal by a power of 10, such as 10, 100, 1,000, or 10,000, count the
number of zeros in the divisor and move the decimal point in the dividend the same number of
places to the left. It may be necessary to add zeros to provide the required places.
ExamplE5
c dividing decimalS by
a poWer oF 10
Divide
43.78
by
10
,
100
,
1,000
, and
10,000
.
SolutionStrategy
tryitexerciSe 5
Divide the following decimals.
REvIEw ExERcIsEs
perform the indicated operation for the following.
3
Section ii
74 chapter 3 • decimalS
3.
$24.66 + $19.72 + $.89
4.
54.669 +121.3393 +7.4
5.
.000494 + 45.776 + 16.008 + 91
6.
495.09 − 51.05
7.
58.043 −41.694
8.
$70.55 −$12.79
9.
$2.54 −$.95
10.
28.90922 −16.41
11. Add seventy-five and twenty-six hundredths and forty-one and eighteen thousandths. Express
your answer in numerical and word form.
12. Subtract fifteen and eighty-eight ten-thousandths from thirty-six. Express your answer in numeri-
cal and word form.
13. On a recent trip, Tony Segretto filled up his gas tank four times with the following quantities of
gasoline: 23.4 gallons, 19.67 gallons, 21.008 gallons, and 16.404 gallons. How many gallons did
Tony buy?
14. In one week of training for the San Francisco Marathon, Jessy Bergeman had training runs of 4.3miles,
9.7 miles, 5.9 miles, 18.4 miles, and 5.4 miles. What was the total distance for these training runs?
15. On the way home from work, Bill Kingman stopped at Chicken Delight to purchase dinner
for the family. The chicken was $12.79. Drinks came to $4.84. Side dishes totaled $7.65, and
desserts amounted to $4.97.
a. What was the total cost of the food?
b. If Bill had a coupon for “$2.50 off any purchase over $15,” how much did he pay?
Sawayasu Tsuji/iStockphoto.com
Section ii • decimal nUmberS and the FUndamental proceSSeS 75
16. Last week Kate Burke ran a 5-kilometer race in 26.696 minutes. This week she ran a race in
24.003 minutes. What is the difference in Kate’s times?
17. Jason Carlage needed a few groceries. At E-Z Shop Market, he bought a loaf of cinnamon raisin
bread for $2.29, a quart of milk for $1.78, a bunch of bananas for $1.83, and a pound of butter for
$2.96. How much change did he receive from a $20 bill?
18. Faith Sherlock received her monthly pension check of
$1,348.26
. From that amount, she
transferred $180 to a savings account and paid the electricity bill for $156.33, the gas bill for
$9.38, the water bill for $98.42, and the cable television bill for $48.54. How much remained of
Faith’s monthly pension?
19. Use the chart “The Pet Story” to answer the following questions.
a. How many fewer birds are there than small animals? Express your answer in
numerical form.
b. How many more fish are there than cats and dogs combined? Express your answer
in numerical form.
Multiply the following numbers.
21.
508.02
× .61
15.032 ×1.008
45.0079 ×1,000
.3309 ×100,000
22.
4.711
×2.4
23.
112.005
×
10,000
24.
.00202
× 2
4
20.
45.77
× 1
2
Divide the following numbers. Round to hundredths when necessary.
28.
24.6 ÷19
29.
.593 ÷8.6
30.
25.64 ÷1,000
31.
$24.50 ÷9
36. Sam Estero received a $50 gift card to iTunes for his birthday. If he downloaded 12 songs at
$0.99 per song, 5 songs at $1.29 per song, and 4 apps for his iPhone at $1.99 per app, how
much credit remained on the gift card?
$26.29
Dogs
Small
animals
77.5
15.9
Source: American Pet Product Manufacturers Association
Bernard Patrick/Abaca/Newscom
76 chapter 3 • decimalS
37. Ben Whitney bought a car at Auto Nation for
$14,566.90
. The sticker price was
$17,047.88
.
a. How much did Ben save from the sticker price?
b. The tax was $957.70, and the registration and license plate cost $65.40. What is the total cost
of the car?
c. If Ben makes a down payment of
$4,550
and gets an interest-free car loan from the dealer,
what will the equal monthly payments be for 48 months?
38. Jimmie Masters earns
$4,825.50
per month as a manager at Berries Restaurant.
a. How much does he earn in a year?
b. If Jimmie gets a raise of
$2,865
per year, what is his new annual and monthly salary?
39. USA Today reported that Ethiopian Airlines had confirmed a $3 billion order for
12 A350
aircrafts from Airbus.
a. What was the average cost per plane?
b. It was also reported that Airbus planned large wingtip devices on the
A320
aircraft,
reducing fuel burn by
3.5%
and saving about
$220,000
a year per plane. How much will
these fuel savings per year amount to for a fleet of 12 of these aircraft?
41. Matt Menke purchased 153.6 square yards of carpeting on sale for $13.70 per yard.
a. What was the cost of the carpet?
b. Normally, this carpeting sells for $19.69 per yard. How much did Matt save by purchasing
during the sale?
$5.99 Savings per square yard
$920.06 Total savings
42. Edward Nolan has room for 26 bedding plants in his garden. He can get pansies for $1.89 each,
marigolds for $1.29 each, and zinnias for $0.84 each. He plans to buy 10 of one type and 8 each
of the other two types of plants.
a. What is the minimum Edward will have to spend?
b. What is the maximum Edward could spend?
subsidiary of EADS, a European
aerospace company. Based in
Toulouse, France, and with significant
activity across Europe, the company
85461_ch03_hr_064-090.indd 76 9/23/15 4:35 PM
Section ii • decimal nUmberS and the FUndamental proceSSeS 77
43. Southern Telecom is offering a prepaid phone card that contains 200 minutes of time for 8 cents
per minute. What is the cost of the card?
44. A developer, Fiesta Valley Homes, is building 13 townhouses at one time. Each roof measures
45.7 feet by 68.55 feet.
a. What is the total square feet per roof? (Multiply length by width.)
b. What is the total square feet of roof for the entire project?
c. If the roofing company charges $4.15 per square foot, what is the total cost of the roofs?
45. Tim Meekma owns a PepsiCo vending truck that holds 360 quarts of soda. Last Saturday at a
carnival, Tim sold out completely. He sells a 10-ounce Pepsi for $1.25. There are 16 ounces in a
pint and 2 pints in a quart.
a. How many drinks did he serve?
b. How much revenue did he take in for the day?
c. For the next carnival, Tim is considering switching to either a 12-ounce drink for $1.65 or a
16-ounce drink for $1.95. As his business adviser, what size do you recommend, assuming
each would be a sellout?
BusInEss DEcIsIon: aDmInIsTERIng a govERnmEnT
pRogRam
46. According to the Food and Nutrition Service of the U.S. Department of Agriculture, in
one school year the National School Lunch Program (NSLP) served 31.2 million school lunches.
Of these, 16.1 million students received free lunches, 3.2 million received lunches at a
reduced price, and 11.9 million paid full price for their lunches.
and Pepsi followed twelve years later.
Together these companies typically
spend more than $3billion annually
on advertising and account for more
85461_ch03_hr_064-090.indd 77 9/23/15 4:35 PM
78 chapter 3 • decimalS
You are the administrator in charge of the school lunch program for your school district. Last
month the schools in your district served 25,000 free lunches, 15,000 “reduced-price” lunches,
and 50,000 regular-priced lunches.
a. Calculate the amount of reimbursement you expect to receive from the NSLP for last month.
b. In addition to the lunch reimbursement, the NSLP program pays your district $.035 per one-
half pint of milk served with each meal. If each student averaged 1 one-half pint of milk
permeal, calculate the total amount of milk reimbursement you expect for last month.
c. The Bottom Line – What is the total amount of reimbursement your district will receive for
last month?
d. Red Tape – The government paperwork you must submit requires that you report the average
reimbursement per student for both lunch and milk combined last month. Calculate this
amount.
care institutions. It provides nutritionally
balanced, low-cost or free lunches to
conversion of decimals to fractions
and fractions to decimals
Changing a number from decimal form to its fractional equivalent or changing a number in
Section iii
3
converting decimals to fractions
Keep in mind that decimals are another way of writing fractions whose denominators are
powers of 10 (10, 100, 1,000, …). When you are converting a mixed decimal, the whole
number is added to the new fraction, resulting in a mixed fraction.
3-6
StepS
foR ConVeRTing DeCiMAls To TheiR fRACTionAl
equiVAlenT
SteP 1. Write the numerator of the fraction as the decimal number, without the decimal
point.
85461_ch03_hr_064-090.indd 78 9/23/15 4:35 PM
80 chapter 3 • decimalS
REvIEw ExERcIsEs
Convert the following decimals to fractions and reduce to lowest terms.
SolutionStrategy
a.
.6 =.6
3
5
=5q3.0
In this example, the numerator, 3, becomes the dividend,
with a decimal point and zero added. The denominator,
5, becomes the divisor.
tryitexerciSe 7
Convert the following fractions to their decimal equivalents, rounding to hundredths
where necessary.
Section iii
3
Convert the following fractions to decimals. Round the quotients to hundredths when
necessary.
for the following numbers, perform the indicated operation. give the result in decimal form.
6.
9
7.
52
8.
2
4
1
9.
55
10.
7
1.
.125
2.
4.75
3.
.016
4.
93.0625
5.
14.82
15. a. You are planning a party for your bowling league at Upper Crust Pizza. How many eight-slice
pizzas must you order to feed 24 women who eat
21
8
slices each and 20 men who eat
33
4
slices
each? Round to the nearest whole pizza.
pizza, pizza! Accordingto industry
© erwinova/Shutterstock.com
3
16. Catalina Jewelers has 147.25 ounces of 14-carat gold in stock.
a. How many custom necklaces can be manufactured if each requires 2
3
8
ounces of gold?
b. If gold is currently selling for $1,050 per ounce, how much is the gold in each necklace
17. a. What is the total cost of fuel for a 4,602 mile trip if your vehicle gets 23.6 miles per gallon
and the average cost of gasoline is $3.40
9
10
? Round to the nearest cent.
b. While on the trip, you paid $368.50 for engine repairs and $37.80 for a new battery. In addi-
tion, tolls amounted to $45.75 and parking averaged $4.50 per day for nine days. What was
the cost per mile for the trip? Round to the nearest tenth of a cent.
18. Ever Ready taxicabs charge $1.20 for the first
1
4
of a mile and $0.35 for each additional
1
4
of a
mile. What is the cost of a trip from the airport to downtown, a distance of 8
3
4
miles?
19. You are the purchasing manager for Five Star Graphics, a company that uses specially treated
photo paper. The yellow paper costs
$
.07
1
5
per sheet, and the blue paper costs $.05
3
8
per sheet.
If you order 15,000 yellow sheets and 26,800 blue sheets, what is the total cost of the order?
20. You are the manager of Rally Rent-a-Car. A customer, Sandy Furrow, has asked you for an esti-
mate of charges for a nine-day rental of an SUV. She expects to drive 670 miles. If Rally charges
$53.50 per day plus
1
8
1
2
cents per mile for this category of vehicle, what would be the total
rental charge for Sandy’s trip?
BusInEss DEcIsIon: QualIfyIng foR a moRTgagE
21. You are a loan officer at the West Elm Savings and Loan. Mr. and Mrs. Brady are in your office
to apply for a mortgage loan on a house they want to buy. The house has a market value of
$180,000
. Your bank requires
1
5
of the market value as a down payment.
a. What is the amount of the down payment?
5
b. What is the amount of the mortgage for which the Bradys are applying?
teaching tip
Remind students that when a fraction
is found at the end of a decimal
number, they should convert the
5=$.072
$.05 3
8
=$.0537
5
When a fraction is found at the end of a
decimal number, convert the fraction to
10
Section iii • converSion oF decimalS to FractionS and FractionS to decimalS 81
85461_ch03_hr_064-090.indd 81 9/23/15 4:35 PM
c. Your bank offers the Bradys a 30-year mortgage with a rate of 5%. At that rate, the monthly
payments for principal and interest on the loan will be $5.37 for every
$1,000
financed.
Whatis the amount of the principal and interest portion of the Bradys’ monthly payment?
d. What is the total amount of interest that will be paid over the life of the loan?
e. Your bank also requires that the monthly mortgage payments include property tax and home-
owners insurance payments. If the property tax is
$1,710
per year and the property insurance
is
$1,458
per year, what is the total monthly payment for PITI (principal, interest, taxes, and
insurance)?
f. To qualify for the loan, bank rules state that mortgage payments cannot exceed
1
4
of the com-
bined monthly income of the family. If the Bradys earn
$3,750
per month, will they qualify
for this loan?
g. What monthly income would be required to qualify for this size mortgage payment?
chaPter sUmmary
section i: understanding Decimal numbers
Topic important Concepts illustrative examples
reading and Writing
Decimal numbers in
numerical and Word Form
Performance objective
3-1, page 65
In decimals, the value of each place starting at
the decimal point and moving from left to right
decreases by a factor of 10. The names of the
places end in ths; they are tenths, hundredths,
thousandths, ten-thousandths, hundred-thousandths,
millionths, and so on.
1. To write decimal numbers in words, write the
decimal part as a whole number; then add the
Decimal Numbers
.0691 is six hundred ninety-one ten-thousandths
Twenty-one ten-thousandths is
.0021
Mixed Decimals
51.305 is fifty-one and three hundred five
thousandths
Eighteen and thirty-six thousandths is
18.036
Decimals with Fractions
rounding decimal
numbers to a Specified
42.6
.003
1. Determine the place to which the decimal is to
be rounded.
Round as indicated:
.645 rounded to hundredths is
.65
82 chapter 3 • decimalS
85461_ch03_hr_064-090.indd 82 9/23/15 4:35 PM