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Part 4
The Classical Era
1750 1800
Part at a Glance
The Classical Era
Chapter 22 Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart: Symphony no. 40 in G minor, K. 550,
first movement
Timeline: The Classical Era
Music as the Language of the Heart
Chapter 19 Joseph Haydn: String Quartet in C Major, op. 76, no. 3,
second movement
Music and Revolution
Chapter 24 Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart: The Marriage of Figaro, Act I,
Chapter 25
Music and the New Economy
Chapter 21 Joseph Haydn: Symphony no. 102 in B Major, third
Part Objectives
After reading the part opener, students should be able to:
natural.
4.3 Describe how music and revolution relate during this period.
4.4 Relate musical life to a new economy that arose in the eighteenth century.
MyMusicLab Resource
Timeline: The Classical Era
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Chapters at a Glance
Chapter 19 Joseph Haydn, String Quartet in C Major, op. 76, no. 3, second movement
Chapter 20 Master Musicians of the Ikuta-ryu, Cherry Blossom
Chapter 21 Joseph Haydn, Symphony no. 102 in B Major,
third and fourth movements
Chapter 22 Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, Symphony no. 40 in G Minor, K. 550,
first movement
Part Summary
Music from the Classical Era differed from its predecessors because it was the first
Western music to not go out of style
period also reflects classical ideals of balance, clarity, and naturalness. The melodies are
simpler and more balanced than those of the Baroque Era, are often structured in
balanced phrases of predictable lengths, and are clearly projected over a homophonic
texture.
As in earlier times, classical music reflects the times in which it was written. The
Probably more than any single entity, nature served as a model for classical
ideals. In music, this meant effortless music in the sense that the listener was not
supposed to know the work that had gone into creating a piece of music. Again, the
Chapter 19
Joseph Haydn
String Quartet in C Major, op. 76, no. 3, second movement
Chapter at a Glance
Listen to This First
The Timbre of the String Quartet
Changing Textures
Melody: Periodic Phrase Structure
Profile: Joseph Haydn (1732 1809)
Expand Your Playlist: Haydn
Chapter Objectives
After reading this chapter and listening to the work, students should be able to:
19.2 Distinguish among the timbre of the violin, viola, and cello within the ensemble of
the string quartet.
19.4 Recognize and describe the periodic phrase structure underlying the melody.
19.6 Discuss the practice of musical appropriation and give examples of it.
19.7 Define and recognize the form of theme and variations.
Key Concepts
theme and variations form, periodic phrase structure, musical appropriation
Chapter Highlight: The Language of Instrumental Music
The string quartet embodies the idea of instrumental music as a language, a
Chapter Summary
the string quartet not because he invented the genre
but because he, more than any other composer, established the string quartet as a genre
in the mid-eighteenth century writing for the four instruments in such a way that it
became a recognized entity among musicians and composers. Creating interesting music
with only four equal players whose instruments have the same timbre is a huge
challenge. The conversational aspects of this movement are easy to hear because the
theme remains recognizable as the movement progresses. The phrases of the theme can
be heard against the changing accompaniments in the other parts.
Listening Guide
four variations, and a coda. These are delineated in the Listening Guide, and the guiding
MyMusicLab Resources
Automated Listening Guide: Joseph Haydn, String Quartet in C Major, op. 76, no. 3,
second movement
Animated Graphical Score: Joseph Haydn, String Quartet in C Major, op. 76, no. 3,
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Discussion Topics and Critical Thinking Questions
1.
idea or concept? Can you think of well-known musical themes in your auditory
heard?
Activities and Exercises
1. Compare the second movement from the Haydn String Quartet in C Major, op. 76, no.
3 that is under study in this chapter to another o
Emperor) more stable in the quartet than the theme is in the symphony? What
2. Choose an ensemble from your own CD or electronic collection in which there are four
to six musicians. List the instruments or voices that are included. How does the
Journaling Prompt