seCtioN i • the DeCimal Number system: Whole Numbers 5
REviEW ExERcisEs
Read and write the following whole numbers in numerical and word form.
Number Numerical Form Word Form
1.
22938
22,938
Twenty-two thousand, nine hundred thirty-eight
2.
One thousand, five hundred seventy-three
1
Section i
Classroom aCtivity
For practice, have students round
the numbers in the chart “Pricey
Diplomas” tovarious places.
Classroom aCtivity
Ask students to think of situations in
which rounding or estimating would
be useful. Typical responses might
include
51,667
59,561
14,657,000,138
8,009,070,436
23,441
175,445,980
ExamplE2
rouNDiNg Whole
Numbers
Round the following numbers to the indicated place.
a.
1,867
to tens b.
760
to hundreds
c.
129,338
to thousands d.
293,847
to hundred thousands
e.
97,078,838,576
to billions f.
85,600,061
all the way
SolutionStrategy
Following the steps on page 4, locate the place to be rounded, use the digit to the right of that place
to determine whether to round up or leave it as is, and change all digits to the right of the place
being rounded to zeros.
Place
Indicated
Rounded
Number
a.
1,867
to tens
1,867
1,870
760
760
129,338
129,338
129,000
293,847
293,847
300,000
97,000,000,000
90,000,000
tryitexerciSe 2
Round the following numbers to the indicated place.
1573
184
984773
2433590
49081472
6 Chapter 1 • Whole Numbers
Write the following whole numbers in numerical form.
7. One hundred eighty-three thousand, six hundred twenty-two
183,622
Match the following numbers in word form with the numbers in numerical form.
10. One hundred two thousand, four hundred seventy b a.
12,743
11. One hundred twelve thousand, seven hundred forty-three d b.
102,470
11,270
112,743
228,700,000
Round the following numbers to the indicated place.
15.
1,757
to tens
1,760
16.
32,475
to thousands
32,000
17.
812,461
to hundreds
812,500
559,443
560,000
25,812,922
26,000,000
45,699
50,000
1,325,669,226
1,300,000,000
23,755
20,000
23. According to the American Wind Energy Association, Texas has
the highest operating wind capacity,
8,797
megawatts. Iowa is
second with
3,053
megawatts capacity.
a. Write each of these numbers in word form.
8,800
3,100
24. According to the Financial Times, in a recent recession, outstanding
consumer credit in the United States fell to
$2,460,000,000,000
—
the seventh straight monthly decline. Most of the drop came as a
85461_ch01_hr_001-030.indd 6 9/23/15 4:28 PM
7,061,010
busiNEss DEcisioN: up oR DoWN?
25. You are responsible for writing a monthly stockholders’ report about your company. Your boss
has given you the flexibility to round the numbers to tens, hundreds, thousands, and so on, or not
at all, depending on which is most beneficial for the company’s image. For each of the following
monthly figures, make a rounding choice and explain your reasoning.
aDDition anD subtraction of Whole numbers
Addition and subtraction are the most basic mathematical operations. They are used in almost
all business calculations. In business, amounts of things or dollars are often combined or
added to determine the total. Likewise, subtraction is frequently used to determine an amount
of something after it has been reduced in quantity.
aDDing Whole numbers
anD verifying your ansWers
Addition is the mathematical process of computing sets of numbers to find their sum, or total.
1-3
teAching tiP
Answers may vary. This is a
plus sign The symbol “
+
” representing
addition.
StepS FoR ADDing Whole nuMbeRS
SteP 1. Write the whole numbers in columns so that you line up the place values—
units, tens, hundreds, thousands, and so on.
Section ii
1
verifyiNg aDDitioN
Generally, when adding the digits in each column, we add from top to bottom. An easy and
commonly used method of verifying your addition is to add the numbers again, but this time
Once you become proficient at verifying
addition, you can speed up your
addition by recognizing and combining
two numbers that add up to
10
, such as
Learning Tip
seCtioN ii • aDDitioN aND subtraCtioN of Whole Numbers 7
85461_ch01_hr_001-030.indd 7 9/23/15 4:28 PM
10 Chapter 1 • Whole Numbers
REviEW ExERcisEs
Add the following numbers.
Collaborative learNiNg
aCtivity
Here’s a challenge that may be
NUT
+SU
N
NEAR
where
U=3
and
T=4
Solution
SolutionStrategy
a. Write the numbers in columns so that the place values are lined up. In this
problem, they are already lined up.
Starting with the units column, subtract the digits.
Thousands column: This column has no subtrahend, so just bring down the
4
from the minuend to the answer line.
8
4,96
8
−
19
2
4,968
tryitexerciSe 4
Subtract the following whole numbers and verify your answers.
a.
98,117
b.
12,395 −5,589
1
Section ii
1.
45
27
+
19
91
2.
548
229
4,600
+
62,660
68,037
3.
339
1,23
6
5,98
1
3,59
7
+8,79
0
19,94
3
4.
2,359
8,51
1
+ 14,00
6
24,87
6
5.
733
40
1
1,80
8
24,11
1
+10,59
5
37,64
8
Learning Tip
85461_ch01_hr_001-030.indd 10 9/23/15 4:28 PM
estimate the following by rounding each number all the way; then add to find the exact answer.
Estimate Rounded Estimate Exact Answer
8.
288
512
300
500
6,800
6,694
11. City traffic engineers in Canmore are doing an intersection traffic survey. On Tuesday, a counter
placed at the intersection of Armstrong Place and Three Sisters Blvd. registered the following
counts: morning,
2,594
; afternoon,
2,478
; and evening,
1,863
.
a. Round each number to the nearest hundred and add to get an estimate of the traffic count for
the day.
12. While shopping, Tyler Hammond purchases items for
$3, $24, $13, $2
, and
$175
. How much did
he spend?
13. The following chart shows the April, May, and June sales figures by service categories for
Pandora’s Beauty Salon. Total each row to get the category totals. Total each column to get the
monthly totals. Calculate the grand total for the three-month period.
Pandora’s Beauty Salon
Service Category April May June
Category
Totals
Cutting, Styling, Coloring
$13,515
$12,350
$14,920
$40,785
5,418
7,640
5,756
18,814
4,251
6,125
6,740
17,116
26,290
$31,874
$33,369
$37,762
seCtioN ii • aDDitioN aND subtraCtioN of Whole Numbers 11
85461_ch01_hr_001-030.indd 11 9/23/15 4:28 PM
35,400
33,361
600,000
601,864
12 Chapter 1 • Whole Numbers
14. At Cherry Valley Farms, a farmer plants
350
acres of soybeans,
288
acres of corn,
590
acres
of wheat, and
43
acres of assorted vegetables. In addition, the farm has
9
acres for grazing and
4
acres for the barnyard and farmhouse. What is the total acreage of the farm?
15. Service Masters Carpet Cleaners pays its sales staff a salary of
$575
per month, plus commissions.
Last month Alex Acosta earned commissions of
$129, $216, $126, $353
, and
$228
. What was
Alex’s total income for the month?
Subtract the following numbers.
16.
354
−
48
306
17.
5,596
−
967
4,629
18.
95,490
− 73,50
0
21,99
0
19.
339,002
−60,911
278,091
20.
2,000,077
−
87,801
1,912,276
21.
$206 minus $58
10,918
12,396,700
850
297
188
754
0
22.
67,800 – 9,835
23.
$127 less $33
27. An electrician, Sparky Wilson, starts the day with
650
feet of wire on his truck. In the morning,
he cuts off pieces
26, 78, 45
, and
89
feet long. During lunch, he goes to an electrical supply
warehouse and buys another
250
feet of wire. In the afternoon, he uses lengths of
75, 89
, and
120
feet. How many feet of wire are still on the truck at the end of the day?
28. Use the U.S. Postal Service Mail Volume graph on the next page to answer the following questions.
a. How many pieces were delivered in 2005 and 2006 combined?
Dollars
and Sense
85461_ch01_hr_001-030.indd 12 9/23/15 4:28 PM
seCtioN ii • aDDitioN aND subtraCtioN of Whole Numbers 13
b. How many fewer pieces were delivered in 2009 than in 2007?
29. Eileen Townsend is planting her flower beds. She initially bought
72
bedding
plants at Home Depot.
a. If she plants
29
in the front bed, how many plants remain unplanted?
72
−29
43 Plant
s
65
72
s
30. An Allied Vans Lines moving truck picks up loads of furniture weighing
5,500
pounds,
12,495
pounds, and
14,562
pounds. The truck weighs
11,480
pounds, and the driver weighs
188
pounds.
If a bridge has a weight limit of
42,500
pounds, is the truck within the weight limit to cross the
bridge?
busiNEss DEcisioN: pERsoNal balaNcE shEEt
31. A personal balance sheet is the financial picture of how much “wealth” you have accumulated as
of a certain date. It specifically lists your assets (i.e., what you own) and your liabilities (i.e., what
you owe). Your current net worth is the difference between the assets and the liabilities.
Net worth =Assets – Liabilities
Tom and Carol Jackson have asked for your help in preparing a personal balance sheet. They
have listed the following assets and liabilities: current value of home,
$144,000
; audio/video
equipment,
$1,340
; automobiles,
$17,500
; personal property,
$4,350
; computer,
$3,700
; mutual
funds,
$26,700
;
401(k)
retirement plan,
$53,680
; jewelry,
$4,800
; certificates of deposit,
$19,300
; stock investments,
$24,280
; furniture and other household goods,
$8,600
; balance on
Wal-Mart and Sears charge accounts,
$4,868
; automobile loan balance,
$8,840
; home mortgage
$106,770
$4,211
$3,700
$2,750
$1,385
$6,350
175
195
190
180
185
Total Pieces of Mail
Delivered (in Billions)
180
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
85461_ch01_hr_001-030.indd 13 9/23/15 4:28 PM
14 Chapter 1 • Whole Numbers
PERSONAL BALANCE SHEET
ASSETS LIABILITIES
CURRENT ASSETS CURRENT LIABILITIES
Checking account
1,385
Store charge accounts
4,868
Total Current Assets
24,385
LONG-TERM LIABILITIES
LONG-TERM ASSETS Home mortgage
106,770
Investments Automobile loan
8,840
53,680
2,750
24,280
6,350
26,700
124,710
$133,789
Personal
Home
144,000
Automobiles
17,500
8,600
4,350
4,800
1,340
3,700
313,335
288,950
$313,335
$179,546
are an important indicator of your
financial position. The balance sheet,
income statement, and cash flow
statement are most commonly used.
When compared over a period of
multiPlication anD Division of Whole numbers
Multiplication and division are the next two mathematical procedures used with whole
numbers. Both are found in business as often as addition and subtraction. In reality, most
multiPlying Whole numbers
anD verifying your ansWers
Multiplication of whole numbers is actually a shortcut method for addition. Let’s see how
this works. If a clothing store buys
12
pairs of jeans at
$29
per pair, what is the total cost of
the jeans? One way to solve this problem is to add
$29 +$29 +. . .
, 12
times. It’s not hard
to see how tedious this repeated addition becomes, especially with large numbers. By using
1-5
multiplication The combination of two
numbers in which the number of times
one isrepresented is determined by the
1
Section iii
85461_ch01_hr_001-030.indd 14 9/23/15 4:28 PM
3,700
4,211
19,300
9,079
REviEW ExERcisEs
Multiply the following numbers and verify your answers.
tryitexerciSe 6
Divide the following numbers and verify your answers.
a.
910 ÷35
b.
1,503 ÷160
c.
3,358
d.
175
12
1. 589
×19
42 ×610
2.
1,292
×158
3.
327
×900
4.
76,000
×
45
5.
56,969
×
1,000
estimate the following by rounding each number all the way; then multiply to get the exact
answer.
Estimate Rounded Estimate Exact Answer
9.
202
×490
98,980
200
×500
100,000
100,000
98,980
12. Dazzling Designs made custom drapery for a client using 30 yards of material.
a. At $5 per yard, what is the cost of the material?
b. If the company received 4 more orders of the same size, how much material will be needed to
fill the orders?
seCtioN iii • multipliCatioN aND DivisioN of Whole Numbers 19
Section iii
1
85461_ch01_hr_001-030.indd 19 9/23/15 4:28 PM
20 Chapter 1 • Whole Numbers
13. The U.S. Department of Transportation has a rule designed to reduce passenger discomfort and
inconvenience. It states that airlines must let passengers off domestic flights when they have
waited three hours without taking off. Airlines that don’t comply can be fined up to
$27,500
per
passenger.
If a Premium Airlines 767 aircraft with 254 passengers on board was fined the maximum
penalty for waiting four hours on the tarmac at JFK before takeoff last Tuesday, what was the
amount of the fine?
15. To earn extra money while attending college, you work as a cashier in a restaurant.
a. Find the total bill for the following food order: three sirloin steak dinners at
$12
each; two
baked chicken specials at
$7
each; four steak burger platters at
$5
each; two extra salads at
$2
each; six drinks at
$1
each; and tax of
$7
.
16. Bob Powers, a consulting electrical engineer, is offered two different jobs. Abbott Industries has
a project that pays
$52
per hour and will take
35
hours to complete. Micro Systems has a project
that pays
$44
per hour and will take
45
hours to complete. Which offer has a greater gross
Divide the following numbers.
17.
4,500 ÷35
20
18.
74,770 ÷5,700
19.
6,000
20.
2,365
85461_ch01_hr_001-030.indd 20 9/23/15 4:28 PM
estimate the following by rounding each number to hundreds; then divide to get the
exactanswer.
Estimate Rounded Estimate Exact Answer
24. Tip-Top Roofing has
50,640
square feet of roofing material on hand. If the average roof requires
8,440
square feet of material, how many roofs can be installed?
25. A calculator uses eight circuit boards, each containing
450
parts. A company has
421,215
parts
in stock.
a. How many calculators can it manufacture?
26. Eric Shotwell borrows
$24,600
from the Mercantile Bank and Trust Co. The interest charge
amounts to
$8,664
. What equal monthly payments must Eric make in order to pay back the loan,
with interest, in
36
months?
27. A
16
-person college basketball team is going to a tournament in Boston. As the team
manager, you are trying to find the best price for hotel rooms. The Windsor Hotel is
quoting a price of
$108
for
2
people in a room and
$10
for each extra person. The
Royale Hotel is quoting a price of
$94
for
2
people in a room and
$15
for each extra
person. If the maximum number of people allowed in a room is
4
, which hotel would
be more economical?
28. You have just purchased a
65
-acre ranch for a price of
$780
per acre. In addition,
the house was valued at
$125,000
and the equipment amounted to
$22,300
.
a. What was the total price of your purchase?
$3,000
$2,400
Price
Location
Star Rating
Amenities
40
50
49.57%
Hotel Choice Factors
© hotels.com/PR Newswire Photo Service/NewsCom
seCtioN iii • multipliCatioN aND DivisioN of Whole Numbers 21
85461_ch01_hr_001-030.indd 21 9/23/15 4:28 PM
3
22 Chapter 1 • Whole Numbers
29. As the IT manager for FastNet Enterprises, you have maintained records of the average prices
you’ve paid for PCs over the years, and you are reviewing your records over a particularly
interesting period in your company’s history. In 2005, you purchased
12
laptop computers and
15
desktopcomputers for your office staff. Using the graph Average PC Prices, answer the following:
a. What was the total amount of the purchase for these computers
in2005?
b. In 2012, you replaced all of the computers with new ones.
Whatwas the total amount of the purchase for these computers?
c. In total, how much did you save in 2012 over 2005 because of
falling computer prices?
busiNEss DEcisioN: EstimatiNg a tilE Job
30. You are the owner of Decorama Flooring. Todd and Claudia have asked you to give them an
estimate for tiling four rooms of their house. The living room is
15
feet
×23
feet, the dining
room is
12
feet
×18
feet, the kitchen is
9
feet
×11
feet, and the study is
10
feet
×12
feet.
a. How many square feet of tile are required for each room? (Multiply the length by the width.)
b. What is the total number of square feet to be tiled?
c. If the tile for the kitchen and study costs
$4
per square foot and the tile for the living and dining
rooms costs
$3
per square foot, what is the total cost of the tile?
d. If your company charges
$2
per square foot for installation, what is the total cost of the tile job?
e. If Todd and Claudia have saved
$4,500
for the tile job, by how much are they over or under
the amount needed?
$400
PC
Laptop
$1,600
$693