Chapter 11
Power is the ability to realize objectives over time, despite resistance.
There are three broad methods for assessing the local power structure: positional, decision
making, and reputational.
The positional approach identifies individuals at the top of the major institutions in the
can identify the overlap of power across issues. The disadvantages are that it is difficult to
consider “behind the scenes” decisions and ignores actors who keep issues from emerging.
All of these methods fail to consider the role of nondecisions in local power issues.
Growth-machine theory assumes that there is a land-based elite that profits through the
intensification of land uses. Government used to promote growth.
government. Local officials need resources to get elected and achieve their goals. They often
turn to corporations and other elites to achieve their goals. But well-organized communities
can potentially shape government decisions.
There are three types of urban regimes. A corporate regime is similar to the growth machine in
that it promotes growth and development. Prevailing coalitions aim to promote expanded
can be used in the future.
Rather than organizing power within the community, there is a growing recognition of the
importance of organizing across communities (regionalism). Regionalism recognizes that
political jurisdictions do not match the geography of most social, economic, and environmental
problems. These coalitions can take four different forms: informal networks, cooperation,
transportation and land-use planning throughout the region.
The Twin Cities Met Council serves a sevencounty area and has an extensive revenue sharing
system. It provides affordable housing throughout the region and operates transportation and
wastewater systems.
Discussion Questions
Ch. 11
1. How would you characterize the differences between community leadership and community
power?
2. Some people distinguish between the concepts of community development and community
organizing. Do you see any potential for merging these two in practice?