Microbiology with Diseases by Body System, 5e
CHAPTER 7 Microbial Genetics
Multiple Choice
1. a 6. a 11. c 16. b 21. b
Fill in the Blanks
1. initiation of transcription, elongation of the RNA transcript, termination of transcription
Short Answer
1. The genotype of an organism is the set of genes in its genome. Phenotype refers to the
physical features and functional traits of an organism and reflects the genes expressed.
2. Eukaryotic mRNA differs from prokaryotic mRNA in several ways: (a) Newly
synthesized eukaryotic mRNA is called pre-messenger RNA because it contains
Answers to End-of-Chapter Questions
3. Introns and exons are both found in eukaryotic cells and in RNA nucleotide sequences;
however, introns are noncoding sequences, and exons are coding sequences. Introns are
5. The operon model explains gene regulation in bacteria. An operon consists of a promoter,
7. RNA polymerase acts to unwind or unzip; in DNA replication, however, helicase, not
8.
RNA
Prokaryote
Eukaryote
mRNA Transcribed in nucleoid, carries
genetic information from
Transcribed in nucleus, modified, translated
in cytoplasm by ribosomes, carries genetic
Microbiology with Diseases by Body System, 5e
11. Transformation is the process whereby a recipient cell takes up DNA from the
Visualize It!
1. a. replication fork; b. stabilizing proteins; c. nucleotide (triphosphate); d. leading strand;
Critical Thinking
1. a. Met-Gly-Ile-Arg-Tyr-Pro; b. Pro-Tyr-Met-Leu-Ile-Pro; c. Pro-Met (stop); d. Met-Arg-
12.
Purpose
Beginning Point
End Point
Replication Allows cell to pass genome
Origin Origin or end of
Answers to End-of-Chapter Questions
6. A mutation in the lac operon that prevents repressor binding to the promoter results in
7. On the one hand, nucleotide analogs can be carcinogenic because when incorporated into
a DNA molecule, they may cause base-pair mismatches that will produce mutations in
10. Nucleotide analogs are compounds structurally similar to normal nucleotides. When
Microbiology with Diseases by Body System, 5e
that is, a stop in transcription.
17. Splice the gene for the anti-heartworm protein into the plasmid in such a way that the
gene is transcribed from a bacterial promoter to insure protein production, and transform
Concept Mapping
1. Change in DNA sequence