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e1
QUESTIONS
1. Find two commercially available glucose monitors
with different sensing modalities.
2. What risks are involved in the use of amperometric
sensors for in vivo use?
list the operational steps of a device that uses immobi-
lized streptavidin to detect the concentration of biotin
in a biological sample.
5. List three common blocking materials and how they
ANSWERS
1. At the time of publication commercial monitors
using amperometric sensing were available from
many sources: Roche, Bayer, Abbott, etc. An opti-
3. Cross-reacting species near the target detection site of
a biosensor can bind or react in place of the target. In
the case of binding events or reaction events that can
actual sample artificially lowering the measured signal.
4. Biotin only has one binding site for streptavidin so a
sandwich assay is not an option in this case.
Competition Assay Option
Components:
• Clean substrate
• Streptavidin
• Biotin (of known concentrations)
• Biotin with a fluorescent label (of known
Steps:
1. Generate a concentration curve by performing
steps 2-7 on known concentrations of fluores-
cently labeled biotin with known concentrations
3. Soak substrate in blocking solution, rinse, and dry
4. Add a known concentration of fluorescently
labeled biotin to the biological sample
5. Expose the substrate to the well mixed biotin con-
centration long enough for binding to occur (by
Labeling the Native Target Option
In lieu of a sandwich (i.e. stack) assay or competition
assay, the native target can be selectively labeled and
• Kit for fluorescently labeling biotin
• Blocking solution (e.g. BSA, casein, etc) in buffer
solution
CHAPTER II.5.13
Medical Biosensors
e2
2. Apply streptavidin to the substrate
a. Spray, strip, spot or coat for specific locations
long enough for binding to occur (by flowing or
soaking)
6. Rinse
7. Quantify the intensity of the detection region.
6. • Non-contacting Sensor
◦ Ultrasonic pachymeter (i.e. tool for measuring
• Invasive-contacting sensor
◦ Oral thermometer
◦ Pacemaker
• Sample removal system
