Microbiology with Diseases by Body System, 5e
CHAPTER 3 Cell Structure and Function
Multiple Choice
Matching
1. D, Glycocalyx
2. A, Ribosome
D, Cytoskeleton
Visualize It!
1. a. cytoplasm contains metabolic chemicals; b. nucleoid site of DNA (genes);
c. glycocalyx adhesion; d. cell wall protects against osmotic forces; e. inclusions
3. Chemical A enters the cell via facilitated diffusion through a protein channel, which is
Answers to End-of-Chapter Questions
Short Answer
1. Diffusion is the movement (spreading) of molecules from an area of high concentration
5. Differences and similarities between living and nonliving things are examined in the
Sketch
Name
Description
See Figure 3.7 Polar, single Single flagellum
8.
Streptococcus pyo
genes
Entamoeba histolytica
smaller in size larger in size
Microbiology with Diseases by Body System, 5e
9.
10. The ability to metabolize is unique to living things. However, if a virus is considered
11. Archaeal flagella are thinner, are solid, and grow basally, whereas bacterial flagella are
thicker, are hollow, and grow at the tip. The proteins making up the flagellar subunits
12. See also Table 3.6 on p. 87.
Sketch
Description
Pili Figure 3.11 Long hollow tubules of pilin, used for conjugation,
Characteristic
Bacteria
Eukaryotes
Size 0.2 2.0 m 10 100 m
Presence of nucleus Absent Present
Answers to End-of-Chapter Questions
15. In the three types of passive transport (diffusion, facilitated diffusion, and osmosis), the
electrochemical gradient provides the source of energy rather than the cell having to ex-
18. The endosymbiotic theory proposes an explanation for why mitochondria and chloro-
plasts have 70S ribosomes, circular DNA, and two membranes. The theory states that
Critical Thinking
1. A chemical that prevents Golgi function would cause a variety of problems in the human
body, all related to secretion. The respiratory tract would dry out, making breathing and
3. Bacterial ribosomes differ from eukaryotic ribosomes in structure and some aspects of
function. Drugs targeting those biochemical differences may be toxic to bacteria but
4. When the contents of the digestive system are hypertonic as a result of salt secretion,
Microbiology with Diseases by Body System, 5e
10. SER (smooth endoplasmic reticulum) functions in intracellular transport and in lipid
12. The hypertonic solutions have higher concentrations of solutes than the solute concentra-
14. Exchange rates across the surface of a cell and surface-to-volume ratios are considered
major factors that limit cell size. Eukaryotic cells have extensive internal membranes,
Concept Mapping
1. Gram-positive cell wall. 6. Glycan chains