Answers to End-of-Chapter Questions
CHAPTER 2 The Chemistry of Microbiology
Multiple Choice
Fill in the Blanks
1. valence 6. hydrolysis
Visualize It!
1. Primary structure: light blue strands. Secondary structure: green coils, -helices; blue-
Short Answer
1. Three chemical bonds are polar covalent bonds (e.g., water), ionic bonds (e.g., salt), and
Critical Thinking
Microbiology with Diseases by Body System, 5e
4. Gelatin can be changed back to a liquid because the gelatin solid is formed by relatively
weak hydrogen bonds, which can be broken by an increase in energy (heating). Heating
7. Neon has two electrons in the inner shell and eight electrons in the outer cloud/shell. Ar-
gon has two in the innermost cloud/shell, eight electrons in the middle cloud, and eight
8. Chemists use the term organic to mean compounds that contain carbon and hydrogen,
11. The polar nature of the bonds between H and O and the nonlinear structure of the water
Answers to End-of-Chapter Questions
15. Living organisms use five nucleotide bases (adenine, cytosine, guanine, thymine, and