Mass Communication: Living in a Media World, 6th edition
Ralph Hanson
Lecture Builders
Chapter 10
Lecture Builders
Cyberpunk
In addition to coining the word cyberspace, Gibson is credited with coming up with the idea of
cyberpunk. That word was originally used in the late 1980s to describe the hardboiled style of science
fiction that deals with the interface between humans and machines, which Gibson created with
Neuromancer. In his novels, Gibson paints a picture of the future in which nations are in a decline,
international corporations are growing in importance, and the world is dominated by consumerism. 98
The word cyberpunk has since been extended to describe movies—most notably the Matrix series, Blade
Runner, and Total Recall—that raise questions about the differences between humans and machines.
For all his talk about the influence of cyberspace, do not assume that Gibson is enamored of high
technology. He wrote Neuromancer using a 1927-model portable typewriter. By 1995, he had switched
to writing on a computer, but it was a castoff from one of his children.
W3 Consortium
The World Wide Web Consortium is a nonprofit organization that continues to set the standards
for how the World Wide Web operates:
www.w3.org
NOTES: This is the organization that Web inventor Tim Berners-Lee founded to set the standards for
www.w3.org/Consortium/
At a time when everything is being either marketed or sold, it is fascinating that new medium
came into being because a few people were willing to develop it and then just give it away. Many of the
central conflicts about the use of the Internet and the Web, such as file-sharing services, have their
roots in the hacker ethic that shaped the creation of the Web.