978-1483344409 Lecture Note Chapter 13 Part 1

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subject Authors Craig E. (Edward) Johnson

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Craig E. Johnson, Organizational Ethics, Third Edition
Instructor Resource
Lecture Notes
Chapter 13
Ethics in a Global Society
Organizational Ethics: A Practical Approach (3rd ed.)
The Dangers of Globalization
Organizations must now act as global citizens
The Downside of Globalization
Growing divide between rich and poor
Resource extraction
Promotion of greed
Ethical and spiritual values shunted aside
Destruction of local traditions
Chronic health problems
Growing corporate power
Craig E. Johnson, Organizational Ethics, Third Edition
Instructor Resource
The Challenges of Ethical Diversity
Cultures take difering ethical approaches to
Contracts
Bribery
Intellectual property rights
Deception
Extreme approaches to cross-cultural ethical decision making
One extreme: behave as ethical imperialists who impose
standards from the home company
Other extreme: opt for cultural relativism (always follow local
customs)
Alternative: develop cross-cultural ethical competence
Combat ethnocentrism and become a world citizen
Recognize values orientations of diferent cultures
Adopt universal moral principles
Employ guidelines for sorting through competing ethical norms
Craig E. Johnson, Organizational Ethics, Third Edition
Instructor Resource
Coming to Grips with Ethnocentrism
Deinition: viewing the world from our cultural group’s point of view
Our customs and values become the standard to judge the world
Can lead to reduced contact with outsiders, racial slurs, pressure on
other groups to conform, justiication for violence and war
How to confront ethnocentrism:
Develop ethical communication competencies
Adopt global cardinal virtues
Cultural humility
Commitment to truth
Recognition of human dignity
Solidarity with other individuals of other cultures
Becoming a Citizen of the World
Cosmopolitanism: acting as world citizens rather than as citizens of
one particular nation-state
Elements of cosmopolitanism
Hospitality towards strangers
Craig E. Johnson, Organizational Ethics, Third Edition
Instructor Resource
Every human being has dignity and value
Strong sense of global justice
Concern for human rights
Care for the “distant needy”
Taking action to address injustice
Understanding global Diversity
Cultures can be grouped according their values orientations
Understanding values orientations helps explain ethical diferences and
responses to moral dilemmas
Three widely used cultural classiication systems
Programmed value patterns
The GLOBE studies
Moral Foundations Theory
Programmed Value Patterns (Hofstede)
Dimensions
Craig E. Johnson, Organizational Ethics, Third Edition
Instructor Resource
Power distance: how societies deal with human inequality
Individualism/collectivism: preference for the individual or the
group
Masculinity vs. femininity: attitudes towards the role of men and
women (clearly deined—masculine; blurred diferences—feminine)
Uncertainty avoidance: how cultures respond to uncertainty
about the future
Values dimensions are related to corruption, ethnocentrism, prejudice,
quality of corporate governance, direct/indirect communication patterns
Project GLOBE
Incorporates Hofstede’s dimensions: power distance, uncertainty
avoidance, gender diferentiation, individualism/collectivism
Adds these dimensions:
Performance orientation: extent to which high standards are
encouraged
Future orientation: emphasis on future oriented activities
Assertiveness: encouragement of toughness and competition
Humane orientation: encouragement of altruism and care
GLOBE’s additional dimensions shape attitudes towards society,
competition, getting ahead, and intellectual property rights
Craig E. Johnson, Organizational Ethics, Third Edition
Instructor Resource
Moral Foundations Theory (Haidt)
Designed to account for the ethical diferences between cultures
Moral foundations: part of our genetic makeup that allows humans to
live together
Act like “moral taste buds” which are shaped by culture. Each culture
emphasizes some values more than others
Keep all ive foundations in mind when dealing with diverse cultures
Five foundations
Harm/care: sensitivity to sufering outside the immediate family
Fairness/reciprocity: justice and fairness
In-group/loyalty: degree of trust and cooperation with insiders
Authority/respect: degree of respect for and obedience to
authority igures
Purity/sanctity: disgust and focus on purity
Finding Common Moral Ground
Cultural relativism: follow local standards but have no grounds for

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