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INSTRUCTOR’S RESOURCE MANUAL for
MEDIA & CULTURE
Mass Communication in a Digital Age
Twelfth Edition
2
INSTRUCTOR’S RESOURCE MANUAL
MEDIA & CULTURE
Mass Communication in a Digital Age
Twelfth Edition
Bettina Fabos
Christopher R. Martin
Shawn Harmsen
Lewis Freeman
Bedford/St. Martin’s
Boston ♦ New York
3
Preface
As Chapter 1 of Media & Culture explains, we need to develop an informed critical perspective
to participate in a debate over media culture as a force that influences both democracy and
consumerism. Part of this perspective entails a concrete understanding of media history, the
structure of media industries, and their major players. Another part aims to encourage students to
think beyond the dry facts and consider how the media influence and are influenced by culture.
Other media-communication texts ask students to become only savvier consumers of media.
Media & Culture asks students to become cultural critics of media, connecting their own
consumption of media to the larger issues of citizenship and democracy.
This Instructor’s Resource Manual is designed to give instructors resources and suggestions that
will assist them in lectures, discussions, and exercises in media culture. The textbook already
provides a good start in this direction. At the end of each textbook chapter, the Common Threads
section makes connections between individual chapters and the larger themes of the book,
challenging students to critically analyze content. Review Questions then help students focus on
major concepts. Finally, the Questioning the Media section provides provocative, open-ended
questions for launching classroom discussions and writing exercises. An instructor can also build
on the Extended Case Study at the end of the textbook as well as the Media Literacy and the
Critical Process boxes in each chapter as examples of critical, rather than cynical, inquiry. This
Instructor’s Resource Manual also includes sample answers and feedback related to the open-
ended discussion questions that accompany Media & Culture’s integrated video program.
An instructor can never be too prepared, however, particularly in drawing analytical connections
about the intricate web of media and culture. In addition, instructors in courses about media and
culture may be lecturing to class sizes ranging from a dozen to several hundred students.
4
Teaching backgrounds may vary as well, from experienced professor to adjunct lecturer or
teacher’s assistant. For any instructional situation, this Instructor’s Resource Manual offers
advice in critiquing the media and culture and in formulating valuable and stimulating ideas to
engage students.
It is also an invitation to be part of a growing community of committed instructors. We will
continue to relate our own experiences in how to teach this material. We also will be drawing on
the experiences of the many talented people who teach media and culture; our aim is to include
as many good ideas in these pages as possible. In addition, the LaunchPad for Media & Culture,
at launchpadworks.com, offers more resources, including a full interactive e-book, video
activities, Video Tools, LearningCurve, prebuilt quizzes, and a full computerized test bank.
TEACHING PHILOSOPHY
The Teaching Philosophy section offers suggestions on how to shape and lead your course:
• Organizing the Course. This section explains why the text’s organization starts with
electronic media and works toward print. It also proposes course syllabi for several different
approaches to the course for both semester and quarter schedules.
• Advice from Seasoned Instructors. For any instructor who is new to this course material,
this section offers some wisdom and companionship. You are not alone.
• Facilitating In-Class Discussions. Creating participatory and democratic in-class
discussions is important in developing a critical approach to media and culture, and these
tips—aimed particularly at new faculty and graduate assistants—will help encourage student
participation in your classes and discussion groups.
5
• Strategies for Writing Assignments. Writing helps students develop and hone their critical
thinking skills, and the guidelines in this section will help you create three different kinds of
writing assignments.
• Assignments and Activities from Seasoned Instructors. For an instructor who is new to
this course material, this section provides useful activities.
• Using Media in the Classroom. Using media examples to illustrate your lecture points can
be fun and informative for your students. This section offers advice on how to incorporate
media into your lectures and discusses current thinking on the “fair-use” rights that educators
have in using copyrighted material in the classroom.
CHAPTERS 1 THROUGH 16
The following elements complement each of Media & Culture’s sixteen chapters with extensive
classroom lecture and discussion resources:
• Chapter Outlines
• Lecture Ideas
• Media Literacy Discussions and Exercises
• Classroom Media Resources
• Further Reading
MASS COMMUNICATION VIDEO RESOURCES
The final section of this Instructor’s Resource Manual presents an extensive annotated list of
contemporary and historical documentaries and media-related entertainment films, organized
around compelling cultural, ethical, and economic issues explored in Media & Culture.
A FINAL NOTE
6
If you have developed some teaching strategies or media literacy exercises that you would like to
share with a broader audience or have some lecture material that has been invaluable to you,
please don’t hesitate to contact us at mediaandculture@bedfordstmartins.com. We welcome any
ideas that would help instructors teach this material more effectively.
If you need the computerized or printed test bank for Media & Culture, contact faculty services
at 800-446-8923.
Bettina Fabos
Christopher R. Martin
Shawn Harmsen
Lewis Freeman
7
Contents
Preface 3
Teaching Philosophy 4
ORGANIZING THE COURSE 21
SAMPLE SYLLABI: SEMESTER SCHEDULE 22
THEMATIC APPROACH 22
CHRONOLOGICAL APPROACH 23
JOURNALISM APPROACH 25
SAMPLE SYLLABI: QUARTER SCHEDULE 26
THEMATIC APPROACH 26
CHRONOLOGICAL APPROACH 27
JOURNALISM APPROACH 27
ADVICE FROM SEASONED INSTRUCTORS 28
FACILITATING IN-CLASS DISCUSSIONS 32
36
47
BASIC SUGGESTIONS 32
SPECIFIC STRATEGIES 33
STRATEGIES FOR WRITING ASSIGNMENTS 35
ASSIGNMENTS AND ACTIVITIES FROM SEASONED INSTRUCTORS
USING MEDIA IN THE CLASSROOM 45
Chapter 1: Mass Communication: A Critical Approach
LECTURE IDEAS 49
MEDIA LITERACY DISCUSSIONS AND EXERCISES 55
HOW TIME SHIFTS CULTURAL ICONS AND MEANINGS 55
8
DEVELOPING A CRITICAL APPROACH 56
TELEVISION—QUALITY OR TRASH? 57
CLASSROOM MEDIA RESOURCES 59
LAUNCHPAD FOR MEDIA & CULTURE 59
VIDEOS/DVDS/CDS 59
WEBSITES 60
FURTHER READING 60
PART 1
Chapter 2: The Internet, Digital Media, and Media Convergence 62
LECTURE IDEAS 64
MEDIA LITERACY DISCUSSIONS AND EXERCISES 74
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES THEN AND NOW 74
ELECTRONIC MEDIA “FAST” 74
SOCIAL MEDIA FRAUD 75
GOOGLE-SOFT?! 75
ONLINE PRIVACY 76
THE INTERNET AND NEW TECHNOLOGIES 77
TRACKING RECENT DEVELOPMENTS ABOUT THE INTERNET: A SEMESTER-LONG
CRITICAL PROCESS EXERCISE AND PAPER 79
CLASSROOM MEDIA RESOURCES 80
LAUNCHPAD FOR MEDIA & CULTURE 80
VIDEOS/DVDS/CDS 81
WEBSITES 82
9
FURTHER READING 82
Chapter 3: Digital Gaming and the Media Playground 84
LECTURE IDEAS 86
MEDIA LITERACY DISCUSSIONS AND EXERCISES 91
INAPPROPRIATE GAME CONTENT 91
ELECTRONIC GAMING AND NEW TECHNOLOGIES 92
TRACKING RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN THE DIGITAL GAMING INDUSTRY: A
SEMESTER-LONG CRITICAL PROCESS EXERCISE AND PAPER 93
CLASSROOM MEDIA RESOURCES 94
LAUNCHPAD FOR MEDIA & CULTURE 94
VIDEOS/DVDS/CDS 95
WEBSITES 96
FURTHER READING 97
PART 2
Chapter 4: Sound Recording and Popular Music 99
LECTURE IDEAS 102
MEDIA LITERACY DISCUSSIONS AND EXERCISES 109
HOW DO YOU GET YOUR MUSIC? 109
THE PERVASIVENESS OF ROCK MUSIC 109
SOUNDTRACK OF YOUR LIFE ASSIGNMENT 110
INVESTIGATING THE INDIES 111
TRACKING RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN THE SOUND RECORDING INDUSTRY: A
SEMESTER-LONG CRITICAL PROCESS EXERCISE AND PAPER 112
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CLASSROOM MEDIA RESOURCES 113
LAUNCHPAD FOR MEDIA & CULTURE 113
VIDEOS/DVDS/CDS 114
WEBSITES 115
FURTHER READING 115
Chapter 5: Popular Radio and the Origins of Broadcasting 117
LECTURE IDEAS 120
MEDIA LITERACY DISCUSSIONS AND EXERCISES 130
RADIO LISTENING HABITS 130
CENSORSHIP AND TALK RADIO 130
UNDERSTANDING WAR OF THE WORLDS 131
FORMAT SPECIALIZATION 132
NPR VERSUS COMMERCIAL RADIO NEWS 134
TRACKING RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN THE RADIO INDUSTRY: A SEMESTER-
LONG CRITICAL PROCESS EXERCISE AND PAPER 135
CLASSROOM MEDIA RESOURCES 137
LAUNCHPAD FOR MEDIA & CULTURE 137
VIDEOS/DVDS/CDS 137
WEBSITES 138
FURTHER READING 139
Chapter 6: Television and Cable: The Power of Visual Culture 140
LECTURE IDEAS 143
MEDIA LITERACY DISCUSSIONS AND EXERCISES 160
11
WHAT IS “TELEVISION” IN THE SECOND DECADE OF THE 21ST CENTURY? 160
UNITY IN CULTURE THROUGH TELEVISION 160
TELEVISION AND SOCIAL MEDIA 161
DESIGNING A NEW TELEVISION CHANNEL 161
FAILED TELEVISION PROGRAMS: A CRITICAL PROCESS EXERCISE 161
CREATING A TELEVISION SHOW 162
CABLE’S FRAGMENTED AUDIENCE: A CRITICAL PROCESS EXERCISE 163
TRACKING RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN THE TELEVISION INDUSTRY: A
SEMESTER-LONG CRITICAL PROCESS EXERCISE AND PAPER 164
CLASSROOM MEDIA RESOURCES 166
LAUNCHPAD FOR MEDIA & CULTURE 166
VIDEOS/DVDS/CDS 167
WEBSITES 168
FURTHER READING 169
Chapter 7: Movies and the Impact of Images 171
LECTURE IDEAS 173
MEDIA LITERACY DISCUSSIONS AND EXERCISES 186
THEATER OR DVD? 186
STAR WARS 186
HOLLYWOOD REPRESENTATIONS OF OTHER COUNTRIES 186
WRITING A MOVIE CRITIQUE 187
FILM SUCCESS: FINDING THE BALANCE BETWEEN FAMILIARITY AND NOVELTY
188
12
TRACKING RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN THE MOTION PICTURE INDUSTRY: A
SEMESTER-LONG CRITICAL PROCESS EXERCISE AND PAPER 189
CLASSROOM MEDIA RESOURCES 191
LAUNCHPAD FOR MEDIA & CULTURE 191
VIDEOS/DVDS/CDS 191
WEBSITES 193
FURTHER READING 194
PART 3
Chapter 8: Newspapers: The Rise and Decline of Modern Journalism 197
LECTURE IDEAS 199
MEDIA LITERACY DISCUSSIONS AND EXERCISES 210
NEWSPAPERS AND DEMOCRACY 211
NEWSPAPER ANALYSIS 211
COVERING INTERNATIONAL NEWS 211
THE SWEETER EXPERIENCE: PRINT VERSUS ONLINE NEWSPAPERS 212
THE EVOLUTION OF JOURNALISM 214
TRACKING RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN THE NEWSPAPER INDUSTRY: A
SEMESTER-LONG CRITICAL PROCESS EXERCISE AND PAPER 215
CLASSROOM MEDIA RESOURCES 217
LAUNCHPAD FOR MEDIA & CULTURE 217
VIDEOS/DVDS/CDS 217
WEBSITES 218
BLOGS 219
13
FURTHER READING 220
223 Chapter 9: Magazines in the Age of Specialization
LECTURE IDEAS 225
MEDIA LITERACY DISCUSSIONS AND EXERCISES 232
MAGAZINES AND YOU 232
MAGAZINE ADVERTISEMENTS 233
THE SHELF LIFE OF A MAGAZINE 233
235
IDEOLOGICAL DIVERSITY IN NEWS MAGAZINES 234
THE THIN LINE BETWEEN EDITORIAL CONTENT AND ADS
TRACKING RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN THE MAGAZINE
INDUSTRY: A SEMESTER-LONG CRITICAL PROCESS EXERCISE
AND PAPER 236
CLASSROOM MEDIA RESOURCES 238
LAUNCHPAD FOR MEDIA & CULTURE AT
LAUNCHPADWORKS.COM 238
VIDEOS/DVDS/CDS 238
WEBSITES 240
FURTHER READING 240
243 Chapter 10: Books and the Power of Print
LECTURE IDEAS 245
MEDIA LITERACY DISCUSSIONS AND EXERCISES 255
THE COST OF COLLEGE TEXTBOOKS 255
BOOKS AND YOU 256
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BOOK READING 257
BANNED BOOKS 258
HOW DO YOU FIND OUT ABOUT BOOKS? 258
THE BIG BOOK BUSINESS 259
TRACKING RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN THE BOOK PUBLISHING
INDUSTRY: A SEMESTER-LONG CRITICAL PROCESS EXERCISE
AND PAPER 261
CLASSROOM MEDIA RESOURCES 263
LAUNCHPAD FOR MEDIA & CULTURE AT
LAUNCHPADWORKS.COM 263
VIDEOS/DVDS/CDS 263
WEBSITES 264
FURTHER READING 265
267
PART 4
Chapter 11: Advertising and Commercial Culture
LECTURE IDEAS 270
MEDIA LITERACY DISCUSSIONS AND EXERCISES 283
ADVERTISING’S EFFECT ON YOUR CAMPUS 283
WHAT’S YOUR PSYCHOGRAPHIC PROFILE? 283
ANALYZING MAGAZINE ADS 283
MALE STEREOTYPES IN TELEVISION ADS 285
ADVERTISING ANALYSIS (PAPER ASSIGNMENT) 287
TRACKING RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN THE ADVERTISING
15
INDUSTRY: A SEMESTER-LONG CRITICAL PROCESS EXERCISE
AND PAPER 288
CLASSROOM MEDIA RESOURCES 290
LAUNCHPAD FOR MEDIA & CULTURE AT
LAUNCHPADWORKS.COM 290
VIDEOS/DVDS/CDS 290
WEBSITES 293
FURTHER READING 294
Chapter 12: Public Relations and Framing the Message 296
LECTURE IDEAS 298
MEDIA LITERACY DISCUSSIONS AND EXERCISES 307
RESHAPING A CONTROVERSIAL IMAGE 307
HELPING YOUR COLLEGE RELATE TO ITS PUBLICS 307
THE INFLUENCE OF PRESS RELEASES 307
PERSUADING PEOPLE TO ACT FOR THE GREATER GOOD 308
TRACKING RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN THE PUBLIC RELATIONS
INDUSTRY: A SEMESTER-LONG CRITICAL PROCESS EXERCISE
AND PAPER 310
CLASSROOM MEDIA RESOURCES 312
LAUNCHPAD FOR MEDIA & CULTURE AT
LAUNCHPADWORKS.COM 312
VIDEOS/DVDS/CDS 312
WEBSITES 314
16
FURTHER READING 314
Chapter 13: Media Economics and the Global Marketplace 316
LECTURE IDEAS 318
MEDIA LITERACY DISCUSSIONS AND EXERCISES 323
MARKETING FOR INDEPENDENT COMPANIES 323
FEMALE AND MINORITY OWNERSHIP IN MEDIA INDUSTRIES 323
GOOGLE-SOFT?! 323
DISNEY’S CULTURE OF MARKETING SYNERGY 324
NEWSPAPER READERSHIP IN INDIA AND THE UNITED STATES 324
DECONSTRUCTING THE CONGLOMERATES 325
TRACKING RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN MEDIA OWNERSHIP:
A SEMESTER-LONG CRITICAL PROCESS EXERCISE AND PAPER 328
CLASSROOM MEDIA RESOURCES 329
LAUNCHPAD FOR MEDIA & CULTURE AT
LAUNCHPADWORKS.COM 329
VIDEOS/DVDS/CDS 330
WEBSITES 331
FURTHER READING 332
PART 5
Chapter 14: The Culture of Journalism: Values, Ethics, and Democracy 334
LECTURE IDEAS 336
MEDIA LITERACY DISCUSSIONS AND EXERCISES 356
QUESTIONABLE/ILLEGAL REPORTING PRACTICES AND
17
ETHICAL ISSUES 356
NEWS VALUES 357
EXAMINING EXPERT SOURCES 358
CONVENTIONAL NEWS AND PUBLIC JOURNALISM 359
ANALYZING THE QUALITY OF NEWS 360
TRACKING RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN JOURNALISM:
A SEMESTER-LONG CRITICAL PROCESS EXERCISE AND PAPER 362
CLASSROOM MEDIA RESOURCES 364
LAUNCHPAD FOR MEDIA & CULTURE AT
LAUNCHPADWORKS.COM 364
VIDEOS/DVDS/CDS 364
WEBSITES 367
FURTHER READING 368
371 Chapter 15: Media Effects and Cultural Approaches to Research
LECTURE IDEAS 373
MEDIA LITERACY DISCUSSIONS AND EXERCISES 382
SOLVING NEGATIVE MEDIA EFFECTS 382
CODING VIOLENCE 383
HOW TO APPROACH MEDIA RESEARCH 384
SCIENCE MEETS THE MUSIC REVIEWS 385
CLASSROOM MEDIA RESOURCES 386
LAUNCHPAD FOR MEDIA & CULTURE AT
LAUNCHPADWORKS.COM 386
18
VIDEOS/DVDS/CDS 387
WEBSITES 388
FURTHER READING 388
Chapter 16: Legal Controls and Freedom of Expression 391
LECTURE IDEAS 393
MEDIA LITERACY DISCUSSIONS AND EXERCISES 405
ADVERTISING NC-17 FILMS 405
MODELS OF EXPRESSION AND SPEECH 405
“PUBLIC INTEREST”? 405
AGE-RESTRICTION POLICIES 406
DOES EXPRESSION ON THE INTERNET NEED LAWS? 407
CLASSROOM MEDIA RESOURCES 409
LAUNCHPAD FOR MEDIA & CULTURE AT
LAUNCHPADWORKS.COM 409
VIDEOS/DVDS/CDS 410
WEBSITES 411
FURTHER READING 412
414
Extended Case Studies from Previous Editions
EXTENDED CASE STUDY: ANALYZING THE COVERAGE OF THE
VOLKSWAGEN AND TAKATA CRISES (11TH EDITION, 2017) 415
EXTENDED CASE STUDY: MOBILE VIDEO REVEALS POLICE BRUTALITY
AND RACISM (10TH EDITION UPDATE, 2016) 423
EXTENDED CASE STUDY: SOCIAL MEDIA AND FINDING REAL HAPPINESS
(10TH EDITION) 428
EXTENDED CASE STUDY: PATRIOT OR TRAITOR? UNVEILING
19
460
GOVERNMENT SURVEILLANCE OF US (9TH EDITION UPDATE, 2015) 435
EXTENDED CASE STUDY: PATRIOT OR TRAITOR? UNVEILING
GOVERNMENT SURVEILLANCE OF US (FULL TEXT)
(9TH EDITION UPDATE, 2015) 440
EXTENDED CASE STUDY: OUR DIGITAL WORLD AND THE
SELF-INVASION OF PRIVACY (9TH EDITION, 2014) 447
EXTENDED CASE STUDY: OUR DIGITAL WORLD AND THE
SELF-INVASION OF PRIVACY (FULL TEXT) (9TH EDITION, 2014) 450
Mass Communication Video Resources
ADVERTISING: HISTORY 460
ADVERTISING: PRODUCTION 462
ADVERTISING: CULTURE 462
BOOKS: HISTORY 464
BOOKS: PRODUCTION 464
THE INTERNET: HISTORY 464
THE INTERNET: TECHNOLOGY 464
THE INTERNET: CULTURE 465
JOURNALISM: HISTORY 465
JOURNALISM: VALUES 466
JOURNALISM: ETHICS 467
JOURNALISM: DEMOCRACY 468
LEGAL ISSUES AND FREE SPEECH: HISTORY 469
LEGAL ISSUES AND FREE SPEECH: REGULATIONS 470
20
471
472
MAGAZINES: HISTORY 471
MASS MEDIA AND SOCIETY: HISTORY
MASS MEDIA AND SOCIETY: CULTURE
MEDIA ECONOMICS: HISTORY 472
MEDIA ECONOMICS: CULTURE 473
MEDIA EFFECTS: HISTORY 473
MEDIA EFFECTS: RESEARCH METHODS 474
MEDIA EFFECTS: CULTURE 474
MOVIES: HISTORY 476
MOVIES: PRODUCTION 478
MOVIES: DEMOCRACY 478
NEWSPAPERS: HISTORY 478
NEWSPAPERS: PRODUCTION 479
PUBLIC RELATIONS: HISTORY 479
PUBLIC RELATIONS: PRODUCTION 480
PUBLIC RELATIONS: DEMOCRACY 480
RADIO: HISTORY 481
RADIO: CULTURE 481
RADIO: DEMOCRACY 482
SOUND RECORDING: HISTORY 482
SOUND RECORDING: PRODUCTION 482
SOUND RECORDING: CULTURE 482
TELEVISION AND CABLE: HISTORY 483
