emissions standards require a demonstration that a vehicle
can meet the evaporative emissions limits on a full range
of E85 and gasoline combinations. Id. at 32:6-33:18.
the system and the numbers of miles the car travels, then
sends the driver a monthly email with information regard-
© 2009 Thomson Reuters. No Claim to Orig. US Gov. Works.
on a proprietary fuel stack, which it intends to have ready
from an engineering standpoint prior to 2012. Tr. vol. 1–
B, 11:18-12:6 (Weverstad, Apr. 10, 2007).
charged by plugging it into a normal electric outlet, and it
Manufacturer witnesses testified that plug-in hybrids
vehicles. See DX 2513. Specifically, General Motors an-
fuel economy is around 150 miles per gallon. The Vue is
Perhaps the most important factor affecting the different
cost estimates that Austin and Duleep reached is their
which each predicted that manufacturers would have to
in another category, due to the regulation’s fleet-averaging
improvement in fuel economy and emissions reductions
conventional technologies and of innovations such as the
use of alternative fuels. This will enhance a manufactur-
er’s ability to comply. Overall, a major flaw in Austin’s
FN84. GDI (gasoline direct injection) technology
premium fuel in order to get a “really significant fuel
(Austin, May 7, 2007). He concluded that although the
use of GDI/turbo could result in some improvements in
emissions, it was not the most cost-effective technology
engines. Tr. vol. 10-B, 10:24-11:1 (Patton, Apr. 30,
(b) Camless valve actuation FN86
© 2009 Thomson Reuters. No Claim to Orig. US Gov. Works.
agreed with that conclusion, predicting that all companies
Duleep disagreed, noting the many ways in which manu-
tives and attempts to promote technologies that will re-
taking a set of new initiatives designed to assist it in meet-
Durango; and on diesel vehicles, including BLUETEC-
by introducing plug-in hybrids, then eventually fuel cell
© 2009 Thomson Reuters. No Claim to Orig. US Gov. Works.
testified that Ford’s business strategy includes the lower-
testimony of many Plaintiffs’ witnesses hinges, fail to
egy. While it is possible to imagine a manufac-
The primary evidence presented to suggest that consum-
© 2009 Thomson Reuters. No Claim to Orig. US Gov. Works.
on a proprietary fuel stack, which it intends to have ready
from an engineering standpoint prior to 2012. Tr. vol. 1–
B, 11:18-12:6 (Weverstad, Apr. 10, 2007).
charged by plugging it into a normal electric outlet, and it
Manufacturer witnesses testified that plug-in hybrids
vehicles. See DX 2513. Specifically, General Motors an-
fuel economy is around 150 miles per gallon. The Vue is
Perhaps the most important factor affecting the different
cost estimates that Austin and Duleep reached is their
which each predicted that manufacturers would have to
in another category, due to the regulation’s fleet-averaging
improvement in fuel economy and emissions reductions
conventional technologies and of innovations such as the
use of alternative fuels. This will enhance a manufactur-
er’s ability to comply. Overall, a major flaw in Austin’s
FN84. GDI (gasoline direct injection) technology
premium fuel in order to get a “really significant fuel
(Austin, May 7, 2007). He concluded that although the
use of GDI/turbo could result in some improvements in
emissions, it was not the most cost-effective technology
engines. Tr. vol. 10-B, 10:24-11:1 (Patton, Apr. 30,
(b) Camless valve actuation FN86
© 2009 Thomson Reuters. No Claim to Orig. US Gov. Works.
agreed with that conclusion, predicting that all companies
Duleep disagreed, noting the many ways in which manu-
tives and attempts to promote technologies that will re-
taking a set of new initiatives designed to assist it in meet-
Durango; and on diesel vehicles, including BLUETEC-
by introducing plug-in hybrids, then eventually fuel cell
© 2009 Thomson Reuters. No Claim to Orig. US Gov. Works.
testified that Ford’s business strategy includes the lower-
testimony of many Plaintiffs’ witnesses hinges, fail to
egy. While it is possible to imagine a manufac-
The primary evidence presented to suggest that consum-
© 2009 Thomson Reuters. No Claim to Orig. US Gov. Works.