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Gathering Materials
Chapter Objectives
After reading this chapter, students should be able to:
1. Explain how drawing on their own knowledge and experience can enrich their
speeches.
2. Explain the major resources available for researching speeches in the library.
3. Explain how to use the Internet for speech research efficiently and responsibly.
4. Delineate the three stages of interviewing and explain the responsibilities of the
interviewer at each stage.
5. Follow the four tips for doing research discussed in the chapter.
7
CHAPTER 7—GATHERING MATERIALS 117
118 CHAPTER-BY-CHAPTER GUIDE TO THE ART OF PUBLIC SPEAKING
CHAPTER 7—GATHERING MATERIALS 119
120 CHAPTER-BY-CHAPTER GUIDE TO THE ART OF PUBLIC SPEAKING
CHAPTER 7—GATHERING MATERIALS 121
122
Library Research Worksheet
Name Section
Topic
Find three articles in the library on the subject of your next speech. The articles can be from period-
icals or newspapers. Provide a complete citation for each article following the bibliography format
required by your instructor and answer the questions about each article.
1. Article:
Did you locate this article through a periodical and newspaper database? Yes ! No !
If you answered yes, what is the name of the database?
If you answered no, how did you locate the article?
Why will the article be useful for your speech? Be specific.
2. Article:
Did you locate this article through a periodical and newspaper database? Yes ! No !
If you answered yes, what is the name of the database?
If you answered no, how did you locate the article?
Why will the article be useful for your speech? Be specific.
3. Article:
Did you locate this article through a periodical and newspaper database? Yes ! No !
If you answered yes, what is the name of the database?
If you answered no, how did you locate the article?
Why will the article be useful for your speech? Be specific.
123
Internet Research Worksheet
Name Section
Topic
Find two documents from the Internet on the subject of your next speech. Provide a complete
citation for each article following the bibliography format required by your instructor and an-
swer the questions about each document.
1. Document:
Did you locate this document through a search engine? Yes ! No !
If you answered yes, what is the name of the search engine?
If you answered no, how did you locate the document?
Why will the document be useful for your speech? Be specific.
Explain why the author or sponsoring organization for this document should be accepted as a
credible source on your speech topic.
2. Document:
Did you locate this document through a search engine? Yes ! No !
If you answered yes, what is the name of the search engine?
If you answered no, how did you locate the document?
Why will the document be useful for your speech? Be specific.
Explain why the author or sponsoring organization for this document should be accepted as a
credible source on your speech topic.
124
Bibliography Formats
Book: Single Author
MLA
Cantú, Francisco. The Line Becomes a River: Dispatches from the Border. New
York: Riverhead Books, 2018. Print.
APA
Cantú, F. (2018). The line becomes a river: Dispatches from the border. New York:
Riverhead Books.
Book: Two or More Authors
MLA
Leavy, Patricia, and Anne Harris. Contemporary Feminist Research from Theory to
Practice. New York: Guilford Press, 2018. Print.
APA
Leavy, P., & Harris, A. (2018). Contemporary feminist research from theory to
practice. New York, NY: Guilford Press.
Book: Second or Later Edition
MLA
Carolan, Michael. The Real Cost of Cheap Food. 2nd ed. Abingdon: Routledge,
2018. Print
APA
Carolan, M. (2018). The real cost of cheap food (2nd ed.). Abingdon: Routledge.
Book: Corporate Author
MLA
American Bar Association. Zero Tolerance: Best Practices for Combatting Sex-
Based Harassment in the Legal Profession. Chicago, IL: American Bar
Association, 2018. Print.
APA
American Bar Association. (2018). Zero tolerance: Best practices for combatting
sex-based harassment in the legal profession. Chicago, IL: American Bar
Association.
Book: Anthology or Compilation
MLA
Leitch, Vincent B., et al., eds. The Norton Anthology of Theory and Criticism. 3rd
ed. New York: W.W. Norton, 2018. Print.
APA
Leitch, V. B., et al. (Eds.). (2018). The Norton anthology of theory and criticism.
(3rd ed.). New York, NY: W.W. Norton.
125
Chapter in Anthology or Compilation
MLA
Nijhuis, Michelle. “The Parks of Tomorrow.” The Best American Science and Na-
ture Writing 2017. Ed. Hope Jahren. Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin Har-
court, 2017. 131–137. Print.
APA
Nijhuis, M. (2017). The parks of tomorrow. In H. Jahren (Ed.), The best American
science and nature writing 2017 (pp. 131–137). Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin
Harcourt.
Signed Magazine Article
MLA
White, Ronald C. “Notes to Self: Lincoln’s Private Thoughts on Fate, Failure,
Slavery, and Belief.” Harper’s Feb. 2018: 49–52. Print.
APA
White, R. C. (2018, February). Notes to self: Lincoln’s private thoughts on fate,
failure, slavery, and belief. Harper’s 336(2013), 49–52.
Unsigned Magazine Article
MLA
“How ‘Identitarian’ Politics Is Changing Europe.” The Economist, 28 Mar. 2018,
www.economist.com/news/europe/21739668-having-learned-identity-politics-
left-right-wingers-are-shaping. Accessed 2 Apr. 2018.
APA
How “identitarian” politics is changing Europe. (2018, March 28). The Economist.
Retrieved from www.economist.com/news/europe/21739668-having-learned-
identity-politics-left-right-wingers-are-shaping
Online Magazine Article
MLA
Billock, Jennifer. “How Korea’s Demilitarized Zone Became an Accidental
Wildlife Paradise.” Smithsonian. 12 Feb. 2018. Web. 25 Feb. 2018.
APA
Billock, J. (2018, February 12). How Korea’s demilitarized zone became an
accidental wildlife paradise. Smithsonian. Retrieved from
https://www.smithsonianmag.com/travel/wildlife-thrives-dmz-korea-risk-
location-180967842/
Print Journal Article
MLA
Czerwiec, M. K. “Representing AIDS in Comics.” AMA Journal of Ethics 20.2
(2018): 199–205. Print.
APA
Czerwiec, M. K. (2018). Representing AIDS in comics. AMA Journal of Ethics,
20(2): 199–205.
126
Online Journal Article
MLA
Shiao, Jiannbin Lee. “A Comparative Approach to Social Differences.”
Contemporary Sociology 47.2 (2018): 132–136. ProQuest. Web. 5 April
2018.
APA
Shiao, J. L. (2018). A comparative approach to social differences. Contemporary
Sociology 47(2): 132–136. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0094306118755390a.
Retrieved from https://search-proquest-com/docview/2007288231
Print Newspaper Article
MLA
Pinker, Susan. “Why Aren’t There More Women in Science and Technology?” The
Wall Street Journal. 1 Mar. 2018: E7. Print.
APA
Pinker, S. (2018, March 1). Why aren’t there more women in science and technolo-
gy? The Wall Street Journal, p. E7.
Online Newspaper Article
MLA
Pinker, Susan. “Why Aren’t There More Women in Science and Technology?” The
Wall Street Journal. 1 Mar. 2018. Web. 5 Mar. 2018.
APA
Pinker, S. (2018, March 1). Why aren’t there more women in science and technolo-
gy? The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved from
https://www.wsj.com/articles/why-arent-there-more-women-in-science-and-
technology-1519918657
Newspaper Editorial
MLA
Bajas, Vikas. “The Bright, Shiny Distraction of Self-Driving Cars.” Editorial. The
New York Times. 31 Mar. 2018,
www.nytimes.com/2018/03/31/opinion/distraction-self-driving-cars.html. Ac-
cessed 2 Apr. 2018.
APA
Bajas, V. The bright, shiny distraction of self-driving cars [Editorial]. The New
York Times. Retrieved from
https://www.nytimes.com/2018/03/31/opinion/distraction-self-driving-
cars.html
127
Online News Source
MLA
Perkins, Tom. “We Need More Black-Owned Grocery Stores.” Slate. Slate, 11 Jan.
2018. Web. 2 Mar. 2018.
APA
Perkins, T. (2018, January 11). We need more black-owned grocery stores. Slate.
Retrieved from https://slate.com/business/2018/01/how-do-we-get-more-black-
owned-grocery-stores.html
Government Publication
MLA
United States Geological Survey, Status and Trends Program. “Wyoming Landscape
Conservation Initiative.” Jan. 2018. Web. 15 Feb. 2018.
APA
United States Geological Survey, Status and Trends Program. (2018). Wyoming
Landscape Conservation Initiative.” Retrieved from
https://www.usgs.gov/science/mission-areas/ecosystems/status-and-trends-
program/science/wyoming-landscape-conservation?qt-
science_center_objects=0#qt-science_center_objects
Article in Reference Work
MLA
Lekakis, Eleftheria J. “Buying into the Nation: The Politics of Consumption and
Nationalism.” The SAGE Handbook of Consumer Culture. Ed. Olga Kravets.
Washington, DC: Sage Publishing, February 2018.
APA
Lekakis, E. J. (2018). Buying into the nation: The politics of consumption and
nationalism. In O. Kravits, (Ed.), The SAGE Handbook of Consumer Culture
(pp. 702–723). Washington, DC: Sage Publishing.
Personal Interview
MLA
Pasare, Liviu. Personal interview. 8 Mar. 2018.
APA
Pasare, L. (personal communication, March 8, 2018).
128
Letter or E-Mail Communication
MLA
Brzezicki, Liz. Message to the author. 13 Mar. 2018. Email.
APA
Brzezicki, L. (personal communication, March 13, 2018).
Speech or Lecture
MLA
Matheny, Jason. “The Public Policy Challenges of Artificial Intelligence.” JFK Jr.
Forum at the Institute of Politics. Harvard University. 15 Feb. 2018. Lecture.
APA
Matheny, J. (2018, February 15). The public policy challenges of artificial
intelligence. Lecture presented at the JFK Jr. Forum at the Institute of Politics.
Harvard University.
Television Program
MLA
“The Gang Crackdown.” Narr. Will Lyman. Frontline. PBS. WMPB,
Baltimore, 13 Feb. 2018. Television.
APA
Lyman, W. (Narrator). (2018). The gang crackdown [Television series episode]. In
M. Gaviria, N. August-Perna, & V. Richards (Producers), Frontline. Baltimore,
MD: WMPB Educational Foundation.
Film
MLA
Dark Money. Dir. Kimberly Reed. Big Sky Film Productions, 2018. Film.
APA
Reed, K. (Producer/director). (2018). Dark Money [Motion picture]. United States:
Big Sky Film Productions.
YouTube Video
MLA
Yeung, Isobel. The Monumental Effort to Rid the World’s Oceans from Plastic.
Vice News. YouTube. Web. 6 Feb. 2018.
APA
Yeung, I. Vice News (Producer). (2018, February 6). The monumental effort to rid
the world’s oceans from plastic [video file]. YouTube. Retrieved from
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=74YQWthFz8g
Podcast
MLA
“Rosa Parks: Agent of Change.” Stuff You Should Know. HowStuffWorks, 22 Feb.
2018.
APA
Rosa Parks: Agent of change. (2018, February 22). [Audio podcast]. On Stuff You
Should Know. Retrieved from
https://www.stuffyoushouldknow.com/podcasts/rosa-parks-agent-change.htm
129
Blog
MLA
NPF Blog. “Honoring the Culture of Gila Cliff Dwellings.” National Park
Foundation Blog, 30 Jan.
2018, www.nationalparks.org/connect/blog/honoring-culture-gila-cliff-
dwellings. Accessed 14 Mar. 2018.
APA
National Park Foundation Blog. (2018, January 30). Honoring the culture of Gila
cliff dwellings. Retrieved
from https://www.nationalparks.org/connect/blog/honoring-culture-gila-cliff-
dwellings
Ebook
MLA
Agrawal, Roma. Built: The Hidden Stories Behind Our Structures. New York:
Bloomsbury, 2018. Kindle Edition.
APA
Agrawal, R. (2018). Built: The hidden stories behind our structures. [Kindle
version]. Retrieved from Amazon.com
Tweet
MLA
@Sea_Legacy. “We love #OurBluePlanet because it is resilient, but there is a
breaking point and the ocean needs our help. Only 1% of the world’s oceans are
protected?! We must do better. @BBCEarth, #TurningTheTide Photo:
@PaulNicklen.” Twitter, 3 Mar. 2018, 10:54
p.m., twitter.com/Sea_Legacy/status/970130345176678400.
APA
Sea Legacy. [Sea_Legacy]. (2018, March 3). We love #OurBluePlanet because it is
resilient, but there is a breaking point and the ocean needs our help. Only 1%
of the world’s oceans are protected?! We must do better. @BBCEarth,
#TurningTheTide Photo: @PaulNicklen [Tweet]. Retrieved
from https://twitter.com/Sea_Legacy/status/970130345176678400
