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Chapter Fourteen
Documenting a Research Paper
Table of Contents
Brief Chapter Outline...........................................................................2
Chapter Outline and Lecture Notes.......................................................3
Vocabulary Review..............................................................................8
Class Activities and Sample Assignments..............................................9
Connect Resources............................................................................11
Discussion Questions for Online/Hybrid Classes...................................13
Graphic Organizer..............................................................................14
Keeping Source Material Organized....................................................14
Teaching Tools...................................................................................15
Grading Rubric for Documenting a Research Paper Essays....................15
Documenting a Research Paper Peer Review Worksheet.......................16
Writing Topics....................................................................................17
Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution
without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
IM-14|1
Chapter Fourteen
Documenting a Research Paper
Brief Chapter Outline
I. Learning Outcomes
In this chapter you will learn techniques for achieving these learning outcomes:
Avoid plagiarism.
Determine when to cite or note cite a source.
Apply the MLA format for in-text citations, a works cited page, and a research
paper.
Apply the APA format for in-text citations, a references page, and a research
paper.
II. Avoiding Plagiarism
Learning Outcome 14-1: Avoid plagiarism.
a. Definitions of plagiarism
b. Examples of informal citations
III. Determining When to Cite or Not Cite a Source.
Learning Outcome 14-2: Determine when to cite or not cite a source.
a. What doesn’t need to be cited?
b. What does need to be cited?
IV. MLA Format
Learning Outcome 14-3: Apply the MLA format for in-text citations, a works-
cited page, and a research paper.
a. MLA in-text citations
b. MLA list of works cited
c. MLA research paper formatting guide
V. APA Format
Learning Outcome 14-4: Apply the APA format for in-text citations, a
references page, and a research paper.
a. APA in-text citations
b. APA references
c. APA research paper formatting guide
Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution
without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
IM-14|2
Chapter Fourteen
Documenting a Research Paper
Chapter Outline and Lecture Notes
I. Learning Outcomes
In this chapter you will learn techniques for achieving these learning outcomes:
Avoid plagiarism.
Determine when to cite or not cite a source.
Apply the MLA format for in-text citations, a works cited page, and a research
paper.
Apply the APA format for in-text citations, a references page, and a research
paper.
II. Avoiding Plagiarism (pages 335-336)
Learning Outcome 14-1: Avoid plagiarism.
a. Definitions of plagiarism
i. To steal and pass off (the ideas or words of another) as one’s own
ii. To use (another’s production) without crediting the source
iii. To commit literary theft
iv. To present as new and original an idea or product derived from an
existing source
b. Document every source unless you are reporting a commonly known fact
or your own original idea.
c. Examples of informal citations
i. Informal citations may be appropriate in some situations.
ii. When writing a formal research paper, there are two guidelines you
can follow.
1. Modern Language Association (MLA)
2. American Psychological Association (APA)
iii. The rules of each format are extremely precise.
III. Determining when to cite or note cite a source. (pages 336-337)
Learning Outcome 14-2: Determine when to cite or not cite a source.
a. What doesn’t need to be cited?
i. Common knowledge
ii. Your original research
iii. Personal experience
b. What does need to be cited?
Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution
without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
IM-14|3
Chapter Fourteen
Documenting a Research Paper
i. Direct quotes
ii. Facts that aren’t common knowledge
iii. Opinions
iv. Statistics
v. Original ideas (not your own)
vi. Studies and experiments
vii. If you are not sure whether you need to cite an idea, be cautious
and document the source.
IV. MLA Format (pages 338-357)
Learning Outcome 14-3: Apply the MLA format for in-text citations, a works-
cited page, and a research paper.
a. MLA in-text citations
i. Information about the MLA format can be found at www.mla.org.
ii. An electronic tool that can assistant in correct documentation is
www.noodletools.com.
iii. MLA format is used in many English and humanities courses.
iv. Include the author’s last name and page number from the original
source.
v. Vary the way in which you introduce sources in your paper.
vi. This chapter contains sample citations for the following:
1. One author
2. Two authors
3. Three authors
4. Four or more authors
5. Multiple works by the same author
6. No author
7. Corporate author
8. Indirect source
9. Multiple works
10. Long quotes
b. MLA list of works cited
i. A works cited page must be included at the end of the paper to fully
document all sources.
ii. Alphabetize entries according to the authors’ last names.
iii. If there is no author, begin with the title (ignoring words such as a
and the when alphabetizing)
Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution
without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
IM-14|4
Chapter Fourteen
Documenting a Research Paper
iv. Books
1. The information needed to cite a book source can usually
be found on the title and copyright pages.
2. Include the author, title, place of publication, publisher, date
of publication, and publication medium.
3. Sample format for a book citation:
Author’s Last Name, First Name and Middle Name or
Initial. Title of Book. City of Publication: Publisher, Year
of Publication. Publication Medium.
v. Printed periodicals (journals, magazines, newspapers)
1. The information needed to cite a printed periodical can
usually be found on the cover of the periodical and the
article itself.
2. Include the author, title, publication, volume and issue
numbers, date of publication, page numbers, and
publication medium.
3. Sample format for a periodical citation:
Author’s Last Name, First Name and Middle Name or
Initial. “Title of Article.” Name of Periodical Volume. Issue
(Date): Page(s). Medium.
vi. Electronic sources
1. Include the author; article title; website title; publisher,
sponsor, or periodical title; date of publication; medium of
publication; and access date.
2. Sample format for an electronic citation:
Author’s Last Name, First Name and Middle name or
Initial. “Title.” Web Site. Publisher or Sponsor, Date of
Publication. Medium. Access Date.
vii. Other sources
1. Each type of source has its own unique format.
2. Provide readers with enough information to be able to
locate the source.
c. MLA research paper formatting guide
i. Margins: 1” top, bottom, and sides
ii. Heading: upper left-corner of your paper
iii. Header: last name and page number on every page
iv. Title: center on the page two spaces below the date
Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution
without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
IM-14|5
Chapter Fourteen
Documenting a Research Paper
v. Text formatting: 12-point font, easy to read
vi. Visual elements: place near the text referencing them
V. APA Format (pages 358-380)
Learning Outcome 14-4: Apply the APA format for in-text citations, a
references page, and a research paper.
a. APA in-text citations
i. Information about the APA format can be found at www.apa.org.
ii. An electronic tool that can assistant in correct documentation is
www.noodletools.com.
iii. The American Psychological Association format is generally used
for courses in the behavioral sciences.
iv. Include the author’s last name, immediately followed by the date.
v. When using a direct quote, also include the page number.
vi. Vary the way in which you introduce sources in your paper.
vii. This chapter contains sample citations for the following:
1. One author (first citation)
2. One author (subsequent citations within the same
paragraph)
3. Two authors
4. Three to five authors (first citation)
5. Three to five authors (subsequent citations)
6. Six or more authors
7. Multiple works by authors with the same last name
8. No author
9. Anonymous author
10. Corporate or group author
11. Multiple works
12. Personal communication
13. Long quotes.
b. APA references
i. A list of references must be included at the end of the paper to fully
document any sources cited.
ii. Alphabetize entries according to the authors’ last names.
iii. If there is no author, begin with the title (ignoring words such as a
and the when alphabetizing).
iv. Books
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without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
IM-14|6
Chapter Fourteen
Documenting a Research Paper
1. The information needed to cite a book source can usually
be found on the title and copyright pages.
2. Include the author, date of publication, title, place of
publication, and publisher.
3. Sample format for a book citation:
Author’s Last Name, First Initial. Middle Initial. (Year of
Publication). Title of book. Place of Publication:
Publisher.
v. Printed periodicals (journals, magazines, newspapers)
1. The information needed to cite a printed periodical can
usually be found on the cover of the periodical and the
article itself.
2. Include the author, date of publication, article title,
publication, volume and issue number(s), and page
number(s).
3. Sample format for a periodical citation:
Author’s Last Name, First Initial. Middle Initial. (Date of
Publication). Title of article. Name of Periodical,
Volume(Issue), Page(s).
vi. Electronic sources
1. Various types of sources require different information.
2. Generally, cite electronic sources the same way as print
sources, but include enough electronic retrieval information
to help readers find the source.
3. Include the author, date of publication, article title,
periodical information, DOI, and URL.
4. Example electronic citation:
Endeavour crew returns home after “home improvement” in
orbit. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.nasa.gov
vii. Other sources
1. Each type of source has its own unique format.
2. Provide readers with enough information to be able to locate
the source.
c. APA research paper formatting guide
i. Title page: include a running head, page number, titles, your
name, and your school.
ii. Abstract: begin at left-hand margin with no indenting.
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without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
IM-14|7
Chapter Fourteen
Documenting a Research Paper
iii. Text formatting: 12-point font, Times New Roman preferred,
double spaced, and do not justify edges
iv. Figures: place at the end of your paper labeled consecutively
v. References: center the word “References” without quotation
marks or italics, etc., use hanging indentation, double space the
page, and alphabetize your list of sources.
vi. Appendixes: place additional material, such as notes, visual
aids, and survey data, after the references page.
Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution
without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
IM-14|8
Chapter Fourteen
Documenting a Research Paper
Vocabulary Review
Abstract: a brief (150- to 250-word) summary of the paper that will enable readers to
have an idea of what to expect (LO 14.4)
In-text citations (Parenthetical citations): references within the essay that show the
reader exactly from where ideas from outside sources were borrowed (LO 14.3)
Plagiarize: to steal and pass off the ideas or words of another as one’s own (LO 14.1)
References: a list at the end of a paper written in APA style that documents all sources
referenced within the paper (LO 14.4)
Running head: a condensed version of the title in 50 characters or less in all capital
letters at the upper-left corner of the page (LO 14.4)
Works cited: a list at the end of a paper written in MLA style that documents all sources
referenced within the paper (LO 14.3)
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without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
IM-14|9
Chapter Fourteen
Documenting a Research Paper
Class Activities and Sample Assignments
1. Not every source needs to be cited. On the board, list the following sample sources:
an opinion poll rating the President’s popularity
a list of state capitals
findings from a study conducted at a major university
your account of summer travel in a foreign country
a list of famous playwrights from 18th century Europe
a quote from an interview with a family member
results from a poll you conducted with individuals from a class or work
the percentage of college graduates who choose to go on to graduate school
Working in groups, have students separate the sources above into two lists: one of
sources that would need to be cited and one of the sources that wouldn’t. Have each
group come up with 2 additional examples for each list and share them with the
class. (LO 14.2)
2. It’s important to distinguish MLA style citations from APA style ones. Using the
imagined information below, have each student create both an MLA works cited
page and APA reference page. Be sure to follow MLA & APA guidelines for proper
formatting of a works cited and reference page. (LO 14.3; LO 14.4)
BOOK:
Title: Math Made Simple
Subtitle: Algebra For Everyday Life
Author(s): Elliott P. Sherman
Date of Publication: 2009
Publisher: Random Hill
Place of Publication: London
Medium: Print
SCHOLARLY JOURNAL ARTICLE:
Title: The Prime Meridian Uncovered
Author(s): Mary Ost, John F. Robertson
Journal: National Oceania
Date: March 18, 2010
Volume Number: 23
Issue Number: 7
Page Number(s): 18-24
Medium: Print
Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution
without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
IM-14|10
