Chapter 5
Monetary Policy
Outline
Mechanics of Monetary Policy
Monitoring Indicators of Economic Growth
Monitoring Indicators of Inflation
Implementing Monetary Policy
Effects of a Stimulative Monetary Policy
Impact on Interest Rates
Why a Stimulative Monetary Policy Might Fail
Effects of Restrictive Monetary Policy
Tradeoff in Monetary Policy
Impact of Other Forces on the Tradeoff
Shifts in Monetary Policy over Time
How Monetary Policy Responds to Fiscal Policy
Proposals to Focus on Inflation
Impact of Monetary Policy
Impact in Financial Markets
Impact on Financial Institutions
Global Monetary Policy
Impact of the Dollar
Impact of Global Economic Conditions
Transmission of Interest Rates
Impact of the Greece Crisis on European Monetary Policy
Key Concepts
1. Describe the common monetary policy used to correct a weak economy or high inflation.
2. Explain the tradeoff involved in the Fed’s use of a loose or tight monetary policy.
3. Explain how financial market participants would react to a particular monetary policy.
4. Explain how fiscal policy may influence the monetary policy.
POINT/COUNTER-POINT:
Can the Fed Prevent U.S. Recessions?
POINT: Yes. The Fed has the power to reduce market interest rates, and can therefore encourage more
borrowing and spending. In this way, it stimulates the economy.
COUNTER-POINT: No. When the economy is weak, individuals and firms are unwilling to borrow
regardless of the interest rate. Thus, the borrowing (by those who are qualified) and spending will not be
influenced by the Fed’s actions. The Fed should not intervene, but rather let the economy work itself out
of a recession.
WHO IS CORRECT? Use the Internet to learn more about this issue and then formulate your own
opinion.
ANSWER: It is difficult to determine how long a recession would last if the Fed did not intervene.
However, most people (especially the unemployed) would prefer that the Fed make an effort to stimulate
the economy. There is some concern that a stimulative monetary policy may cause more inflation, but this
is a risk that the Fed must take in order to cure a recession.