4. Is there a role for factor analysis in any of this analysis?
Factor analysis is a multivariate, interdependence technique covered in Chapter 24. It statistically
identifies a reduced number of factors from a larger number of measured variables. There is a
Communalities
Initial Extraction
Extraction Method: Principal
Component Analysis.
438
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Case Two: Attiring Situation 439
Total Variance Explained
Comp
onent
Initial Eigenvalues Extraction Sums of Squared Loadings Rotation Sums of Squared Loadings
Total
% of
Variance
Cumulative
% Total
% of
Variance
Cumulative
% Total
% of
Variance
Cumulative
%
1 5.139 64.238 64.238 5.139 64.238 64.238 4.823 60.292 60.292
Extraction Method: Principal Component Analysis.
Component Matrixa
Component
1 2
SD6 .964
Extraction Method: Principal
Component Analysis.
a. 2 components extracted.
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Case Two: Attiring Situation 440
Rotated Component Matrixa
Component
1 2
SD4 .977
Extraction Method: Principal
Component Analysis.
Rotation Method: Varimax with
Kaiser Normalization.
a. Rotation converged in 3 iterations.
Component Transformation Matrix
Compon
ent 1 2
1 -.958 .286
2 .286 .958
Extraction Method: Principal
Component Analysis.
Rotation Method: Varimax with
Kaiser Normalization.
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Case Two: Attiring Situation 441
Between-Subjects Factors
Value Label N
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Case Two: Attiring Situation 442
Multivariate Testsb
Effect Value F Hypothesis df Error df Sig.
Partial Eta
Squared
Intercept Pillai’s Trace .221 12.231a2.000 86.000 .000 .221
Good_Feelings Pillai’s Trace .031 1.370a2.000 86.000 .259 .031
Nervous Pillai’s Trace .005 .214a2.000 86.000 .808 .005
X1 Pillai’s Trace .466 37.564a2.000 86.000 .000 .466
X2 Pillai’s Trace .019 .820a2.000 86.000 .444 .019
Gender Pillai’s Trace .004 .164a2.000 86.000 .849 .004
X1 * X2 Pillai’s Trace .079 3.686a2.000 86.000 .029 .079
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Case Two: Attiring Situation 443
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Case Two: Attiring Situation 444
Tests of Between-Subjects Effects
Source
Dependen
t Variable
Type III Sum of
Squares df Mean Square F Sig.
Partial Eta
Squared
Corrected Model SPEND 3063.259a9 340.362 10.796 .000 .528
KEEP 340.974b9 37.886 3.306 .002 .255
Intercept SPEND 209.734 1 209.734 6.653 .012 .071
KEEP 198.789 1 198.789 17.344 .000 .166
a. R Squared = .528 (Adjusted R Squared = .479)
b. R Squared = .255 (Adjusted R Squared = .178)
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Case Two: Attiring Situation 445
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Case Two: Attiring Situation 446
Parameter Estimates
Depend
ent
Variable Parameter B Std. Error t Sig.
95% Confidence Interval
Partial Eta
Squared
Lower
Bound
Upper
Bound
SPEND Intercept 10.792 2.751 3.923 .000 5.324 16.260 .150
Good_Feelings .073 .068 1.079 .283 -.062 .208 .013
Nervous .146 .222 .658 .512 -.295 .587 .005
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Case Two: Attiring Situation 447
1. EXP1
Dependent
Variable EXP1 Mean Std. Error
95% Confidence Interval
Lower Bound Upper Bound
SPEND PROF_ATTIRE 3.553a.893 1.778 5.328
a. Covariates appearing in the model are evaluated at the following values: Good_Feelings = 19.0895,
Nervous = 8.1959.
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Case Two: Attiring Situation 448
2. EXP2
Dependent
Variable EXP2 Mean Std. Error
95% Confidence Interval
Lower Bound Upper Bound
SPEND SOFT_CLOSE 8.850a.965 6.931 10.769
a. Covariates appearing in the model are evaluated at the following values: Good_Feelings =
19.0895, Nervous = 8.1959.
3. Gender
Dependent
Variable Gender Mean Std. Error
95% Confidence Interval
Lower Bound Upper Bound
SPEND MALE 8.817a1.031 6.769 10.866
a. Covariates appearing in the model are evaluated at the following values: Good_Feelings =
19.0895, Nervous = 8.1959.
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Case Two: Attiring Situation 449
4. EXP1 * EXP2
Dependent
Variable EXP1 EXP2 Mean Std. Error
95% Confidence Interval
Lower Bound Upper Bound
SPEND PROF_ATTIRE SOFT_CLOSE 2.721a1.334 .069 5.373
HARD_CLOSE 4.385a1.181 2.037 6.734
a. Covariates appearing in the model are evaluated at the following values: Good_Feelings = 19.0895, Nervous =
8.1959.
5. EXP1 * Gender
Dependent
Variable EXP1 Gender Mean Std. Error
95% Confidence Interval
Lower Bound Upper Bound
SPEND PROF_ATTIRE MALE 1.726a1.050 -.360 3.812
FEMALE 5.380a1.438 2.523 8.237
a. Covariates appearing in the model are evaluated at the following values: Good_Feelings = 19.0895, Nervous =
8.1959.
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Case Two: Attiring Situation 450
6. EXP2 * Gender
Dependent
Variable EXP2 Gender Mean Std. Error
95% Confidence Interval
Lower Bound Upper Bound
SPEND SOFT_CLOSE MALE 9.029a1.426 6.194 11.863
FEMALE 8.672a1.314 6.061 11.283
a. Covariates appearing in the model are evaluated at the following values: Good_Feelings = 19.0895, Nervous =
8.1959.
5. Critique the experiment from the viewpoint of internal and external validity.
The approach used a laboratory experiment, which allows the researcher more complete control
over the research setting and extraneous variables. Thus, the experiment has high internal
validity, which was defined in chapter 11 as the extent that an experimental variable is truly
6. What conclusions would be justified by management regarding their employee appearance
policy?
The results suggest that this retailer should continue the flexible dress code as unprofessional
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