978-1111138271 Chapter 3

subject Type Homework Help
subject Pages 3
subject Words 1208
subject Authors Donald B. Freed

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CHAPTER 3
Chapter Overview
Evaluating and diagnosing motor speech disorders is often a challenging task for
beginning clinicians for a few reasons: it can be difficult to distinguish among the
dysarthrias, as many of the speech characteristics of one dysarthria will be present in
one or more of the other dysarthrias; beginning clinicians have not yet developed the skill
needed to listen carefully to determine which of a patient’s speech errors are most
characteristic of a suspected motor speech disorder; and a detailed knowledge of the
human motor system is needed to determine which speech errors are most important in
making a correct diagnosis. There are two basic methods of evaluating motor speech
disorders: instrumentation and perceptual analysis. Instrumentation uses sophisticated
devices to objectively measure the components of speech production. Perceptual
analysis relies on the ear and eyes to judge. Since most clinicians do not have access to
such sophisticated instruments, they must rely on perceptual analysis. A motor speech
evaluation takes approximately 30-40 minutes, with the short version lasting 10-15
minutes.
Hayes and Pindzola (2011) state that the two goals to any speech-language evaluation
are to understand a patient’s problem and to determine beginning level of treatment.
Duffy (2005) and Swigert (1997) suggest seven questions for a clinician to ask during a
motor speech evaluation in order to make an accurate diagnosis. The first part of the
evaluation is obtaining background information and medical history. It is important that
the clinician be thorough as crucial information may be gained during this stage.
Speech production is dependent on respiration, phonation, resonance, articulation, and
prosody, which must work together to be combined smoothly for speech to be produced
normally. When any of the five components of speech production are affected by a
neuromotor disorder, dysarthria or apraxia of speech will result. Where the disorder
occurs in the nervous system will determine which motor speech disorder will result.
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Motor Speech Disorders, Second Edition
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