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STUDENT _______________________________________ CLASS _______________________ DATE _________
ȱLESSONȱ5—1ȱQUIZȱ
LegalȱConceptsȱ
Directions:ȱPlaceȱaȱTȱforȱTrueȱorȱanȱFȱforȱFalseȱinȱtheȱAnswersȱcolumnȱtoȱshowȱ
whetherȱeachȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱstatementsȱisȱtrueȱorȱfalse.ȱ
ȱAnswersȱ
ȱ
1.ȱAnȱindividualȱwhoȱcommitsȱaȱrecklessȱactȱwithoutȱcausingȱinjuryȱȱ 1. ______ ȱ
ȱwillȱprobablyȱnotȱbeȱconvictedȱofȱaȱtort.ȱ
2.ȱRespondeatȱsuperiorȱisȱtheȱfirstȱpersonȱtoȱrespondȱtoȱaȱlawsuit.ȱ2. ______ ȱ
3.ȱTortsȱbasedȱonȱcarelessnessȱareȱclassifiedȱasȱnegligence.ȱ3. ______ ȱ
4.ȱTortsȱthatȱareȱnotȱbasedȱonȱintentȱorȱcarelessnessȱareȱclassifiedȱasȱȱ 4. ______ ȱ
ȱstrictȱliabilities.ȱ
5.ȱUnderȱtortȱlaw,ȱtheȱdutyȱnotȱtoȱinjureȱanotherȱincludesȱbodilyȱȱ 5. ______ ȱ
ȱharm,ȱbutȱnotȱtheȱharmingȱofȱsomeone’sȱreputation.ȱ
6.ȱAnȱemployerȱcanȱbeȱheldȱliableȱforȱtheȱactionsȱofȱanȱemployee.ȱ6. ______ ȱ
7.ȱChildrenȱandȱinsaneȱpersonsȱcanȱbeȱheldȱliableȱforȱinjuringȱothers.ȱ7. ______ ȱ
8.ȱAȱpersonȱwhoȱcommitsȱaȱtortȱmayȱbeȱsuedȱforȱmoneyȱdamage.ȱ8. ______ ȱ
9.ȱAllȱtortsȱrequireȱthatȱtheȱbreachȱofȱdutyȱbeȱintentional.ȱ9. ______ ȱ
10.ȱTheȱfourȱelementsȱofȱaȱtortȱareȱduty,ȱbreach,ȱinjury,ȱandȱȱ 10. ______ ȱ
ȱcriminalȱintent.ȱ
LegalȱApplicationsȱ
11.ȱJoshȱisȱaȱ16ȬyearȬoldȱlifeguardȱatȱSunsetȱCountyȱGolfȱCourse.ȱHeȱgivesȱ
swimmingȱlessonsȱtoȱchildrenȱwhileȱtheirȱparentsȱareȱgolfing.ȱJoshȱisȱtoȱmakeȱ
sureȱthatȱnoȱoneȱdivesȱintoȱtheȱpoolȱfromȱtheȱside.ȱJoshȱfailedȱtoȱwarnȱaȱnewȱgirlȱ
namedȱJuanitaȱaboutȱthisȱdanger.ȱJuanitaȱsustainedȱaȱseriousȱneckȱinjuryȱwhenȱ
sheȱhitȱherȱheadȱonȱtheȱconcreteȱbottomȱofȱtheȱpool.ȱWhoȱisȱliableȱforȱJuanita’sȱ
injury?ȱExplainȱyourȱanswer.ȱ
12.ȱSupposeȱJoshȱfromȱExerciseȱ11ȱdidȱnotȱwarnȱJuanitaȱaboutȱdivingȱfromȱtheȱsideȱ
ofȱtheȱpoolȱandȱsheȱwasȱnotȱinjured.ȱWouldȱJoshȱlikelyȱbeȱguiltyȱofȱaȱtortȱifȱ
Juanita’sȱparentsȱfoundȱoutȱthatȱsheȱhadȱnotȱreceivedȱthisȱwarning?ȱWhyȱorȱwhyȱ
not?ȱ
1-78 Chapter 5 Civil Law and Procedure
STUDENT _______________________________________ CLASS _______________________ DATE _________
ȱLESSONȱ5—1ȱPRACTICEȱACTIVITYȱ
ȱ
Readȱtheȱfollowingȱcasesȱandȱanswerȱtheȱquestionsȱaboutȱthem.ȱAttachȱaȱpageȱifȱadditionalȱ
spaceȱisȱneededȱforȱanswers.ȱ
ȱ
1.ȱLarry,ȱ15,ȱlivedȱwithȱhisȱmother.ȱLarry’sȱgrandparents’ȱtrailer,ȱinȱwhichȱtheyȱ
lived,ȱwasȱwithinȱ100ȱfeetȱofȱLarry’sȱhouse,ȱandȱheȱwasȱoftenȱatȱtheirȱhome.ȱTheȱ
grandparentsȱcaredȱforȱLarryȱwhileȱhisȱmomȱwasȱatȱwork,ȱandȱLarryȱoftenȱateȱ
hisȱmealsȱandȱsnacksȱthere.ȱEitherȱLarry’sȱmomȱorȱtheȱgrandparentsȱalwaysȱ
knewȱLarry’sȱwhereabouts.ȱ
returnedȱhomeȱandȱlaterȱtoldȱhisȱmotherȱthatȱheȱthoughtȱheȱhadȱkilledȱDarryl.ȱ
Afterȱaȱsearch,ȱDarryl’sȱbodyȱwasȱfoundȱonȱtheȱgrandparents’ȱproperty.ȱDarryl’sȱ
motherȱsuedȱLarry’sȱmotherȱandȱgrandparentsȱforȱnegligentȱfailureȱtoȱcontrolȱaȱ
minor.ȱShouldȱtheyȱbeȱheldȱresponsibleȱbecauseȱtheyȱhadȱaȱdutyȱtoȱDarrylȱandȱ
hisȱmother?ȱ[Wellsȱv.ȱHickman,ȱ657ȱN.E.ȱ2dȱ172ȱ(Ind.ȱCt.ȱApp.ȱ1995)]ȱ
ȱ
ȱ
ȱ
ȱ
2.ȱWhileȱCharlesȱandȱPatriciaȱKeasȱwereȱawayȱfromȱtheirȱhomeȱandȱonȱvacation,ȱ
theirȱ19ȬyearȬoldȱdaughter,ȱKimberly,ȱreceivedȱaȱvisitȱfromȱKennethȱMaxwell.ȱ
daughterȱfromȱgainingȱaccessȱtoȱalcoholȱwhenȱtheyȱknewȱorȱshouldȱhaveȱknownȱ
thatȱsheȱwasȱaddictedȱtoȱit.ȱ[Maxwellȱv.ȱKeas,ȱ639ȱA.ȱ2dȱ1215ȱ(Pa.ȱSuper.ȱCt.ȱ1994)]ȱ
Chapter 5 Civil Law and Procedure 1-79
STUDENT ________________________________ CLASS __________________________ DATE _________________
ȱLESSONȱ5—1ȱRETEACHȱ
ȱ
Directions:ȱCircleȱtheȱanswersȱtoȱeachȱquestionȱinȱtheȱpuzzleȱbelow.ȱAnswersȱmayȱ
appearȱinȱhorizontal,ȱvertical,ȱorȱdiagonalȱform.ȱTheyȱmayȱalsoȱbeȱwrittenȱ
backwardsȱorȱfromȱtheȱbottomȱofȱtheȱpuzzleȱtoȱtheȱtop.ȱ
1.ȱWhatȱisȱaȱlegalȱobligationȱtoȱdoȱorȱnotȱdoȱsomething?ȱȱȱ ȱ
2.ȱAȱviolationȱofȱdutyȱisȱcalledȱa(n)ȱȱ .ȱ
3.ȱCourtsȱrequireȱtheȱbreachȱinȱintentionalȱtortsȱtoȱbeȱȱȱ .ȱ
4.ȱWhatȱisȱaȱprivateȱorȱcivilȱwrong?ȱȱȱ ȱ
5.ȱWhatȱisȱaȱharmȱthatȱisȱrecognizedȱbyȱtheȱlaw?ȱȱȱ ȱ
6.ȱWhatȱkindȱofȱliabilityȱoccursȱwhenȱoneȱpersonȱisȱliableȱforȱtheȱtortsȱȱ
ofȱanother?ȱȱȱ ȱ
7.ȱWhatȱkindȱofȱtortȱinvolvesȱneitherȱintentȱnorȱcarelessness?ȱȱȱ ȱ
8.ȱTheȱproofȱthatȱaȱbreachȱofȱdutyȱcausedȱanȱinjuryȱisȱcalledȱȱ ȱ .ȱ
9.ȱWhatȱtermȱmeansȱthatȱtheȱamountȱofȱcausationȱisȱgreatȱenoughȱforȱitȱtoȱbeȱ
recognizedȱbyȱlaw?ȱȱ ȱ ȱ
10.ȱȱ Whatȱkindȱofȱtortȱisȱbasedȱonȱcarelessness?ȱȱ ȱ ȱ
I BREACHADEMTOAA
LONBERYETONEPCW
1-80 Chapter 5 Civil Law and Procedure
STUDENT ________________________________ CLASS __________________________ DATE _________________
ȱLESSONȱ5—1ȱENRICHMENTȱ
Inȱthisȱlessonȱyouȱlearnedȱthatȱtortsȱareȱprivateȱorȱcivilȱwrongs—offensesȱagainstȱanȱ
individual.ȱAsȱwithȱcriminalȱlaw,ȱcertainȱelementsȱareȱcommonȱtoȱmostȱtorts.ȱTheseȱ
elementsȱmustȱbeȱprovedȱinȱaȱtrialȱtoȱestablishȱliabilityȱ(legalȱresponsibility).ȱ
Researchȱaȱfamousȱcivilȱcaseȱorȱreadȱaboutȱaȱcurrentȱcivilȱcaseȱinȱyourȱnewspaper.ȱ
Noteȱtheȱfourȱelementsȱasȱdiscussedȱinȱtheȱtext,ȱandȱuseȱtheȱspaceȱprovidedȱtoȱ
explainȱhowȱeachȱelementȱwasȱestablishedȱ(orȱisȱbeingȱestablished)ȱatȱtrial.ȱ
ȱ
1.ȱDutyȱ(aȱlegalȱobligationȱtoȱdoȱorȱnotȱtoȱdoȱsomething)ȱ
ȱ
2.ȱBreachȱ(aȱviolationȱthatȱisȱrecognizedȱbyȱtheȱlaw)ȱ
ȱ
ȱ
4.ȱCausationȱ(proofȱthatȱtheȱbreachȱcausedȱtheȱinjury)ȱ
Chapter 5 Civil Law and Procedure 1-81
STUDENT ________________________________ CLASS __________________________ DATE _________________
ȱLESSONȱ5—2ȱQUIZȱ
LegalȱConceptsȱ
Directions:ȱInȱtheȱAnswersȱcolumn,ȱwriteȱtheȱletterȱfromȱColumnȱ1ȱthatȱrepresentsȱ
theȱwordȱorȱphraseȱthatȱmatchesȱtheȱstatementȱinȱColumnȱ2.ȱ
ȱ
ȱColumnȱ1ȱȱColumnȱ2ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱAnswersȱ
ȱȱ1.ȱAnȱintentionalȱtortȱwhereȱoneȱpersonȱȱ ȱȱ1._____ȱ
ȱȱ ȱthreatensȱtoȱphysicallyȱorȱoffensivelyȱȱ
ȱȱ ȱinjureȱanotherȱ
ȱȱ 2.ȱAȱtortȱthatȱoccursȱwhenȱpersonalȱpropertyȱȱ ȱȱ2._____ȱ
ȱȱ ȱisȱstolenȱ
ȱȱ 3.ȱAȱfalseȱstatementȱaboutȱaȱpersonȱthatȱȱ ȱȱ3._____ȱ
ȱȱ ȱinjuresȱtheirȱreputationȱ
ȱȱ 4.ȱAnȱintentionalȱmisrepresentationȱofȱanȱȱȱ4._____ȱ
ȱȱ ȱexistingȱfactȱ
ȱȱ 5.ȱAȱtortȱinȱwhichȱaȱpersonȱisȱdeprivedȱofȱȱ ȱȱ5._____ȱ
ȱȱ ȱfreedomȱofȱmovementȱ
ȱȱ 6.ȱAȱtypeȱofȱliabilityȱthatȱmakesȱtheȱdefendantȱȱȱ6._____ȱ
ȱȱ ȱliableȱifȱheȱorȱsheȱengagedȱinȱanȱactivityȱȱ
ȱȱ ȱthatȱresultedȱinȱinjuryȱ
ȱȱ 7.ȱAȱtortȱinȱwhichȱanother’sȱpropertyȱisȱȱ ȱȱ7._____ȱ
ȱȱ ȱenteredȱwithoutȱtheirȱconsentȱ
ȱȱ 8.ȱAnȱintentionalȱtortȱthatȱinvolvesȱharmfulȱȱ ȱȱ8._____ȱ
ȱȱ ȱorȱoffensiveȱtouchingȱofȱanotherȱ
ȱȱ 9.ȱTheȱdutyȱtoȱactȱwithȱcareȱandȱgoodȱjudgmentȱȱȱ9._____ȱ
ȱȱ 10.ȱCutȱoffȱconsumers’ȱrightȱtoȱsueȱforȱdefectsȱ
A.ȱfalseȱ
imprisonmentȱ
B.ȱstrictȱ
C.ȱstatutesȱofȱreposeȱ
D.ȱassaultȱ
E.ȱtrespassȱtoȱlandȱ
F.ȱbatteryȱ
G.ȱdefamationȱ
H.ȱfraudȱ
I.ȱassumptionȱofȱtheȱ
riskȱ
J.ȱconversionȱ
K.ȱcomparativeȱ
L.ȱreasonableȬ
personȱstandardȱ
ȱȱ ȱȱinȱdesignȱofȱproductsȱafterȱaȱcertainȱtimeȱȱȱ10._____ ȱ
ȱȱ 11.ȱAȱtypeȱofȱnegligenceȱwhereȱtheȱplaintiffȱȱ ȱȱ
ȱȱ ȱknowinglyȱsubjectsȱhimselfȱtoȱdangerȱȱȱ11._____ȱ
ȱȱ ȱȱ
LegalȱApplicationȱ
12.ȱYoko’sȱcarȱslidȱonȱanȱicyȱinterstateȱoverpass.ȱSheȱlostȱcontrolȱofȱherȱcarȱandȱranȱ
maintainingȱtheȱroad.ȱTheȱtransportationȱdepartmentȱdidȱhaveȱaȱsignȱaffixedȱtoȱ
theȱoverpassȱwarningȱofȱitsȱtendencyȱtoȱfreezeȱbeforeȱotherȱroadȱsurfaces.ȱIsȱtheȱ
stateȱdepartmentȱliable?ȱ
5-82 Ch
apter 5 Civil Law and Procedure
Chapter 5 Civil Law and Procedure 5-83
STUDENT ________________________________ CLASS __________________________ DATE _________________
ȱLESSONȱ5—2ȱPRACTICEȱACTIVITYȱ
Readȱtheȱfollowingȱcasesȱandȱanswerȱtheȱquestionsȱaboutȱthem.ȱAttachȱaȱpageȱforȱanswers.ȱ
1.ȱEffenbergerȱwasȱaȱ28ȬyearȬoldȱweightlifterȱandȱbodybuildingȱcoachȱemployedȱ
byȱKnoxȱLumberȱCompanyȱasȱaȱplainclothesȱsecurityȱofficer.ȱHeȱobservedȱ73Ȭ
yearȬoldȱAltmanȱwalkȱoverȱtoȱtheȱutilityȱbladesȱdisplay,ȱtakeȱaȱpackageȱoffȱtheȱ
shelf,ȱandȱputȱtheȱbladesȱinȱhisȱpocket.ȱEffenbergerȱretrievedȱtheȱemptyȱpackageȱ
andȱcontinuedȱtoȱfollowȱAltmanȱdownstairs.ȱ
ȱȱAfterȱAltmanȱpurchasedȱ$64ȱworthȱofȱmaterials,ȱheȱwasȱstoppedȱinȱtheȱ
parkingȱlotȱbyȱEffenbergerȱandȱanotherȱKnoxȱemployeeȱandȱinformedȱthatȱheȱ
wasȱunderȱarrestȱforȱstealingȱtheȱutilityȱblades.ȱAltmanȱwasȱledȱbackȱintoȱtheȱ
tookȱaspirinȱforȱtheȱpain,ȱValiumȱbecauseȱheȱwasȱsoȱupset,ȱandȱmedicationȱforȱhisȱ
highȱbloodȱpressureȱandȱheartȱcondition.ȱHeȱsaidȱheȱwasȱveryȱupsetȱaboutȱtheȱ
incidentȱandȱhadȱbadȱdreamsȱaboutȱgoingȱthroughȱtheȱordealȱagain.ȱAltmanȱsuesȱ
theȱstoreȱforȱassault,ȱbattery,ȱandȱfalseȱimprisonment.ȱShouldȱheȱwin?ȱWhyȱorȱ
whyȱnot?ȱ[Altmanȱv.ȱKnoxȱLumberȱCo.,ȱ381ȱN.W.ȱ2dȱ858ȱ(Minn.ȱCt.ȱApp.ȱ1986)]ȱ
2.ȱClark,ȱwhileȱaȱcustomerȱatȱtheȱMexicaliȱRoseȱrestaurant,ȱsustainedȱthroatȱinjuriesȱ
whenȱheȱswallowedȱaȱoneȬinchȱchickenȱboneȱcontainedȱinȱtheȱchickenȱenchiladaȱ
bonesȱinȱchickenȱenchiladas.ȱShouldȱheȱwin?ȱ[MexicaliȱRoseȱv.ȱClark,ȱ822ȱP.ȱ2dȱ
1292ȱ(Cal.ȱ1992)]ȱ
STUDENT ________________________________ CLASS __________________________ DATE _________________
ȱLESSONȱ5—2ȱRETEACHȱ
ȱ
Directions:ȱȱWriteȱtheȱanswersȱtoȱQuestionsȱ1–10ȱonȱtheȱblanksȱprovided.ȱTheȱanswerȱ
toȱQuestionȱ11ȱshouldȱappearȱinȱtheȱverticalȱboxes.ȱ
ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ11.ȱ
ȱȱ1.ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ__ȱ__ȱ__ȱ__ȱ__ȱȱ__ȱ__ȱȱ
ȱȱ2.ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ__ȱ__ȱȱ ȱ__ȱ__ȱ__ȱ__ȱ__ȱ__ȱ__ȱ__ȱ__ȱ__ȱ
ȱȱ3ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱ__ȱ__ȱ__ȱ__ȱȱ
ȱȱ4.ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱ__ȱ__ȱ__ȱ__ȱ__ȱ__ȱ
ȱȱ5ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ__ȱ__ȱȱ ȱ__ȱ__ȱ__ȱ__ȱ__ȱ__ȱ__ȱ__ȱ
ȱȱ6.ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ__ȱȱ__ȱ__ȱ__ȱ__ȱ__ȱ
ȱȱ7.ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ__ȱ__ȱ__ȱ__ȱ__ȱȱȱ
ȱȱ8.ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ__ȱ__ȱ__ȱ__ȱ__ȱ__ȱ__ȱȱ__ȱ__ȱ__ȱ__ȱ__ȱ__ȱ__ȱ__ȱ
ȱȱ9.ȱȱȱ__ȱ__ȱ__ȱ__ȱ__ȱ__ȱ__ȱ__ȱȱ ȱ__ȱȱ
10.ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ__ȱ__ȱȱ__ȱ__ȱ__ȱ__ȱ__ȱ__ȱ__ȱ__ȱ__ȱ
ȱ
ȱ
ȱ
ȱȱ1.ȱAnotherȱnameȱforȱspokenȱdefamationȱȱ
ȱȱ2.ȱTortȱinȱwhichȱpropertyȱisȱenteredȱwithoutȱtheȱowner’sȱconsentȱȱ
ȱȱ3.ȱCrimeȱofȱintentionallyȱmisrepresentingȱanȱexistingȱfactȱ
ȱȱ4.ȱTortȱwhereȱaȱthreatȱtoȱharmȱorȱoffendȱisȱmadeȱ
ȱȱ5.ȱTypeȱofȱnegligenceȱwhereȱdamagesȱareȱproportionatelyȱȱ
awardedȱtoȱtheȱplaintiffȱ
ȱȱ6.ȱTortȱthatȱinvolvesȱharmfulȱorȱoffensiveȱtouchingȱofȱanotherȱpersonȱ
ȱȱ7.ȱTypeȱofȱliabilityȱthatȱholdsȱtheȱdefendantȱliableȱforȱȱ
engagingȱinȱanȱactivityȱthatȱresultedȱinȱanȱinjuryȱȱ
ȱȱ8.ȱTypeȱofȱnegligenceȱdefenseȱwhereȱtheȱplaintiffȱknowsȱofȱtheȱȱ
dangerȱ
ȱȱ9.ȱTortȱthatȱinvolvesȱtheftȱorȱdestructionȱofȱanother’sȱpropertyȱȱ
10.ȱTypeȱofȱnegligenceȱwhereȱtheȱplaintiffȱpartiallyȱcausedȱ
theȱinjuryȱȱ
ȱ
1-84 Chapter 5 Civil Law and Procedure
STUDENT ________________________________ CLASS __________________________ DATE _________________
ȱLESSONȱ5—2ȱENRICHMENTȱ
Thisȱlessonȱdefinedȱtheȱtortȱofȱnegligence.ȱInȱtheȱcaseȱofȱcontributoryȱnegligence,ȱtheȱ
plaintiff’sȱownȱnegligenceȱwasȱaȱpartialȱcauseȱofȱtheȱaccident.ȱInȱaȱstateȱthatȱ
recognizesȱcontributoryȱnegligence,ȱtheȱplaintiffȱcouldȱnotȱrecoverȱforȱinjuries.ȱ
However,ȱmanyȱstatesȱnowȱrecognizeȱcomparativeȱnegligence.ȱIfȱaȱplaintiffȱinȱaȱ
negligenceȱactionȱisȱpartiallyȱatȱfault,ȱtheȱindividualȱwillȱbeȱawardedȱdamagesȱ
reducedȱinȱproportionȱtoȱhisȱorȱherȱnegligence.ȱResearchȱyourȱstate’sȱlawsȱonȱ
contributoryȱversusȱcomparativeȱnegligenceȱandȱanswerȱtheȱfollowingȱquestions.ȱ
ȱ
1.ȱDoesȱyourȱstateȱrecognizeȱcontributoryȱnegligenceȱorȱcomparativeȱnegligence?ȱ
ȱ
ȱ
ȱ
ȱ
ȱ
ȱ
ȱ
ȱ
2.ȱIfȱyouȱwereȱinvolvedȱinȱaȱcarȱaccidentȱinȱyourȱstateȱandȱyouȱwereȱslightlyȱ
negligentȱinȱcausingȱtheȱaccidentȱbutȱtheȱotherȱdriverȱwasȱprimarilyȱresponsibleȱ
forȱtheȱcollision,ȱcouldȱyouȱrecoverȱdamages?ȱIfȱso,ȱwillȱtheȱdamagesȱbeȱreducedȱ
inȱproportionȱtoȱyourȱnegligence?ȱ
ȱ
ȱ
ȱ
ȱ
ȱ
ȱ
ȱ
ȱ
3.ȱIfȱyourȱnegligenceȱinȱtheȱcarȱaccidentȱwasȱgreaterȱthanȱtheȱdefendant’sȱ
negligence,ȱwouldȱyouȱbeȱableȱtoȱrecoverȱanyȱdamages?ȱ
STUDENT ________________________________ CLASS __________________________ DATE _________________
ȱLESSONȱ5—3ȱQUIZȱ
LegalȱConceptsȱ
Directions:ȱInȱtheȱAnswersȱcolumn,ȱwriteȱtheȱletterȱfromȱColumnȱ1ȱthatȱrepresentsȱ
theȱwordȱorȱphraseȱthatȱmatchesȱtheȱstatementȱinȱColumnȱ2.ȱ
ȱ
ȱColumnȱ1ȱȱColumnȱ2ȱȱȱȱȱȱAnswersȱ
ȱȱ 1.ȱAȱcourtȱorderȱforȱaȱpersonȱtoȱdoȱorȱnotȱdoȱaȱȱ ȱȱ1._____ȱ
ȱȱ ȱparticularȱactȱ
ȱȱ 2.ȱAȱbriefȱoutlineȱofȱwhatȱtheȱdefendantȱandȱȱȱ2._____ȱ
ȱȱ ȱtheȱplaintiffȱwillȱtryȱtoȱproveȱ
ȱȱ 3.ȱAȱmonetaryȱawardȱgivenȱtoȱtheȱinjuredȱȱ ȱȱ3._____ȱ
ȱȱ ȱpartyȱtoȱcompensateȱforȱlossȱ
ȱȱ 4.ȱAnyȱobjectȱaȱjudgeȱallowsȱtoȱbeȱpresentedȱtoȱȱȱ4._____ȱ
ȱȱ ȱtheȱjuryȱthatȱhelpsȱproveȱorȱdisproveȱaȱcaseȱ
ȱȱ 5.ȱAȱmonetaryȱawardȱthatȱisȱsetȱhighȱenoughȱȱ ȱȱ5._____ȱ
ȱȱ ȱtoȱpunishȱtheȱdefendantȱ
ȱȱ 6.ȱInvolvesȱtakingȱdepositionsȱfromȱpartiesȱandȱȱȱȱ6._____ȱ
ȱȱ ȱwitnessesȱȱ ȱȱȱ
ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ7.ȱAȱcourtȱorderȱissuedȱtoȱaȱdefendantȱtoȱȱ ȱ ȱȱ7._____ȱ
ȱȱ ȱappearȱinȱcourtȱtoȱanswerȱaȱcomplaintȱ
ȱȱȱ6._____ȱ8.ȱStatementsȱmadeȱbyȱwitnessesȱunderȱoathȱȱȱ8._____ȱ
ȱȱ 9.ȱTheȱdecisionȱofȱaȱjuryȱȱȱ9._____ȱ
ȱȱ 10.ȱAȱpersonȱwhoȱhasȱpersonalȱknowledgeȱofȱȱ ȱȱ10._____ȱ
ȱȱ ȱtheȱfactsȱofȱaȱcaseȱ
ȱȱ 11.ȱTheȱfinalȱresultȱofȱaȱtrialȱȱȱ11._____ȱ
A.ȱjudgmentȱ
B.ȱdiscoveryȱ
C.ȱwitnessȱ
D.ȱdamagesȱ
E.ȱsummonsȱ
F.ȱtestimonyȱ
G.ȱopeningȱ
ȱstatementsȱ
H.ȱpunitiveȱȱ
ȱdamagesȱ
I.ȱinjunctionȱ
J.ȱverdictȱ
K.ȱevidenceȱ
LegalȱApplicationȱ
12.ȱDr.ȱWilliamsȱisȱaȱfamilyȱdentistȱwhoȱisȱrequiredȱtoȱwearȱlatexȱsurgicalȱglovesȱ
andȱaȱmaskȱwhileȱworkingȱonȱherȱpatients.ȱTheseȱmeasuresȱareȱtakenȱtoȱpreventȱ
theȱtransmittalȱofȱcommunicableȱdiseases.ȱRecently,ȱDr.ȱWilliamsȱpurchasedȱ
severalȱcasesȱofȱtheseȱglovesȱandȱmasksȱfromȱaȱlargeȱmedicalȱsupplier.ȱTheȱ
administratorsȱofȱtheȱmedicalȱcompanyȱareȱawareȱthatȱtheyȱhaveȱsoldȱsomeȱ
defectiveȱgloves.ȱIfȱDr.ȱWilliamsȱorȱanyȱofȱherȱassistantsȱcontractȱaȱdiseaseȱfromȱ
theirȱpatients,ȱwhatȱtypeȱofȱdamagesȱshouldȱtheyȱseek?ȱ
1-86 Chapter 5 Civil Law and Procedure
STUDENT ________________________________ CLASS __________________________ DATE _________________
ȱLESSONȱ5—3ȱPRACTICEȱACTIVITYȱ
Readȱtheȱfollowingȱcasesȱandȱanswerȱtheȱquestionsȱaboutȱthem.ȱAttachȱaȱpageȱifȱadditionalȱ
spaceȱisȱneededȱforȱanswers.ȱ
1.ȱLeslieȱThackerȱworkedȱforȱManville,ȱanȱasbestosȱmanufacturer,ȱatȱitsȱ
Bloomingtonȱplantȱ1954–1962.ȱAllȱbutȱtheȱlastȱthreeȱmonthsȱofȱhisȱtenureȱatȱtheȱ
BloomingtonȱplantȱwereȱspentȱinȱtheȱpipeȬcoveringȱdepartment,ȱconsistingȱ
broughtȱanȱactionȱagainstȱManvilleȱforȱdamagesȱbasedȱonȱinjuriesȱtoȱherȱhusbandȱ
andȱhisȱdeathȱfromȱcancer,ȱwhichȱsheȱclaimedȱheȱcontractedȱwhileȱworkingȱatȱtheȱ
plant.ȱManvilleȱarguedȱthatȱthereȱwasȱinsufficientȱevidenceȱtoȱindicateȱthatȱ
ThackerȱhadȱbeenȱexposedȱtoȱManvilleȱasbestos,ȱandȱtherefore,ȱnothingȱManvilleȱ
didȱcouldȱbeȱaȱproximateȱcauseȱofȱThacker’sȱdeath.ȱIsȱManvilleȱcorrect?ȱ[Thackerȱ
2.ȱThereȱareȱthreeȱbasicȱstandardsȱbyȱwhichȱtheȱsufficiencyȱofȱevidenceȱisȱweighedȱ
byȱfactȬfindersȱ(eitherȱtheȱjury,ȱorȱtheȱjudgeȱsittingȱwithoutȱaȱjury):ȱȱ
ȱ(1)ȱtheȱpreponderanceȱofȱtheȱevidenceȱ(usedȱinȱmostȱcivilȱactions),ȱ
ȱ(2)ȱproofȱbeyondȱandȱtoȱtheȱexclusionȱofȱaȱreasonableȱdoubtȱ(theȱstate’sȱburdenȱ
satisfactoryȱevidence,ȱnotȱaloneȱbyȱaȱpreponderanceȱofȱtheȱevidence.ȱButȱplaintiffȱ
mustȱestablishȱtheȱfactȱbyȱsuchȱevidenceȱasȱtoȱshowȱconclusivelyȱthatȱaȱmistakeȱ
hadȱbeenȱmade,ȱthatȱsuchȱmistakeȱwasȱmutualȱtoȱbothȱparties,ȱandȱtoȱsatisfyȱyouȱ
ofȱsuchȱmistakeȱbeyondȱaȱreasonableȱdoubt.”ȱIsȱthisȱjuryȱinstructionȱcorrect?ȱ[Allstateȱ
InsuranceȱCo.ȱv.ȱVanater,ȱ297ȱSo.ȱ2dȱ293ȱ(Fla.ȱ1974)]ȱ
Chapter 5 Civil Law and Procedure 1-87
STUDENT ________________________________ CLASS __________________________ DATE _________________
ȱLESSONȱ5—3ȱRETEACHȱ
Directions:ȱWriteȱtheȱnumbersȱ1–20ȱonȱindexȱcardsȱinȱlargeȱprint.ȱOnȱtheȱotherȱsideȱ
ofȱtheȱcard,ȱwriteȱtheȱdefinitionȱorȱtermȱthatȱisȱshownȱbyȱeachȱnumberȱbelow.ȱTapeȱ
theȱcardsȱtoȱaȱchalkboardȱinȱtheȱpatternȱbelowȱwithȱtheȱnumbersȱfacingȱtheȱstudents.ȱ
Divideȱtheȱstudentsȱintoȱfourȱorȱfiveȱteams.ȱEachȱteamȱshouldȱchooseȱaȱcaptainȱtoȱ
answerȱforȱthem.ȱTheȱteamȱcaptainȱwillȱchooseȱanyȱtwoȱnumbers.ȱReadȱtheȱcontentsȱ
onȱtheȱbackȱofȱtheȱtwoȱcardsȱoutȱloud.ȱIfȱtheȱtwoȱchosenȱcardsȱformȱaȱcorrectȱmatchȱ
ofȱaȱtermȱandȱitsȱdefinition,ȱtheyȱareȱremovedȱfromȱtheȱchalkboardȱandȱthatȱteamȱ
scoresȱaȱpoint.ȱIfȱtheȱcardsȱdoȱnotȱmakeȱaȱcorrectȱmatch,ȱtheȱnextȱteamȱmayȱtakeȱaȱ
turn.ȱNote:ȱDoȱnotȱallowȱtheȱstudentsȱtoȱhaveȱanythingȱtoȱwriteȱwithȱduringȱtheȱ
game.ȱ
ȱ
Cardȱ1ȱ
compensatoryȱ
damagesȱ
Cardȱ2ȱ
subpoenaȱ
Cardȱ3ȱ
Aȱmoneyȱ
awardȱthatȱ
punishesȱtheȱ
defendantȱ
Cardȱ4ȱ
Anyȱobjectȱ
presentedȱtoȱ
aȱjuryȱtoȱhelpȱ
proveȱorȱ
disproveȱaȱ
caseȱ
Cardȱ5ȱ
Aȱmonetaryȱ
awardȱgivenȱ
toȱtheȱinjuredȱ
partyȱ
Cardȱ6ȱ
judgmentȱ
Cardȱ7ȱ
Theȱdecisionȱ
ofȱaȱjuryȱ
Cardȱ8ȱ
witnessȱ
Cardȱ9ȱ
Partyȱthatȱ
filesȱtheȱ
complaintȱ
Cardȱ10ȱ
verdictȱ
Cardȱ11ȱ
Aȱpersonȱwithȱ
personalȱ
knowledgeȱofȱ
theȱcaseȱ
Cardȱ12ȱ
Plaintiffȱ
Cardȱ13ȱ
Aȱcommandȱ
forȱaȱwitnessȱ
toȱappearȱinȱ
courtȱ
Cardȱ14ȱ
punitiveȱ
damagesȱ
Cardȱ15ȱ
Anotherȱ
nameȱforȱ
actualȱ
damagesȱ
Cardȱ16ȱ
openingȱ
statementȱ
Cardȱ17ȱ
Theȱfinalȱ
resultȱofȱaȱ
trialȱ
Cardȱ18ȱ
Aȱbriefȱ
outlineȱofȱ
whatȱbothȱ
partiesȱinȱaȱ
caseȱwillȱtryȱ
toȱproveȱ
Cardȱ19ȱ
evidenceȱ
Cardȱ20ȱ
damagesȱ
ȱ
1-88 Chapter 5 Civil Law and Procedure
STUDENT ________________________________ CLASS __________________________ DATE _________________
ȱLESSONȱ5—3ȱENRICHMENTȱ
Inȱthisȱlessonȱyouȱreadȱaboutȱhowȱtortȱvictimsȱcanȱcollectȱdamages—aȱmonetaryȱ
awardȱbyȱtheȱcourtȱtoȱaȱpersonȱwhoȱhasȱsufferedȱlossȱorȱinjuryȱbecauseȱofȱtheȱactȱorȱ
omissionȱofȱanother.ȱUsingȱinformationȱfoundȱinȱmagazine,ȱnewspaper,ȱorȱInternetȱ
articles,ȱresearchȱaȱfamousȱcivilȱcaseȱwhereȱanȱindividualȱorȱgroupȱofȱindividualsȱ
suedȱaȱmanufacturerȱforȱaȱdefectiveȱproductȱorȱsuedȱaȱcorporationȱorȱpublicȱagencyȱ
responsibleȱforȱsomeȱtypeȱofȱinjury.ȱThenȱanswerȱtheȱquestionsȱbelow.ȱ
ȱ
1.ȱWasȱtheȱvictimȱorȱgroupȱofȱvictimsȱawardedȱdamages?ȱ
ȱ
ȱ
ȱ
ȱ
ȱ
ȱ
2.ȱIfȱso,ȱwhatȱdidȱtheȱjuryȱbaseȱtheȱawardȱonȱ(i.e.,ȱcostȱofȱlostȱwages,ȱmedicalȱbills,ȱ
pain/suffering)?ȱ
ȱ
ȱ
ȱ
ȱ
ȱ
ȱ
3.ȱWhyȱwasȱtheȱmanufacturer,ȱcorporation,ȱorȱpublicȱagencyȱfoundȱtoȱbeȱatȱfault?ȱ
ȱ
ȱ
ȱ
ȱ
ȱ
ȱ
4.ȱIfȱpossible,ȱfindȱoutȱwhatȱtheȱlawyer’sȱ(orȱlawyers’)ȱcontingencyȱfeeȱwas.ȱ
ȱ
ȱ
ȱ
ȱ
ȱ
ȱ
5.ȱWereȱpunitiveȱdamagesȱawardedȱasȱwell?ȱ
ȱ
STUDENT ________________________________ CLASS __________________________ DATE _________________
ȱ
TESTȱ
CHAPTERȱ5ȱ
SECTION I—IDENTIFY LEGAL TERMS
Directions:ȱPlaceȱaȱTȱforȱTrueȱorȱanȱFȱforȱFalseȱinȱtheȱAnswersȱcolumnȱtoȱshowȱ
whetherȱeachȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱstatementsȱisȱtrueȱorȱfalse.ȱ
ȱ
Answers
ȱ
ȱȱ1.ȱAȱviolationȱofȱtheȱdutyȱneedȱnotȱbeȱprovedȱbeforeȱtheȱinjuredȱ
partyȱcanȱcollectȱdamages.ȱ
1.ȱ_______ȱ
ȱȱ2.ȱȱ Moneyȱdamagesȱreceivedȱasȱaȱresultȱofȱaȱtortȱisȱintendedȱtoȱ
compensateȱforȱtheȱinjury.ȱ
ȱ2.ȱ_______ȱ
ȱȱ3.ȱȱ Whenȱthereȱisȱaȱjury,ȱtheȱjudgeȱdecidesȱtheȱissuesȱofȱbothȱlawȱandȱ
fact.ȱ
ȱ3.ȱ_______ȱ
ȱȱ4.ȱAnswersȱareȱtypicallyȱfiledȱinȱorderȱtoȱcallȱdefendantsȱtoȱcourt.ȱȱ4.ȱ_______ȱ
ȱȱ5.ȱȱ Allȱtortsȱrequireȱthatȱtheȱdefendantȱintendedȱtoȱinjureȱtheȱ
plaintiff.ȱ
ȱ5.ȱ_______ȱ
ȱȱ6.ȱȱ Mostȱtortȱdutiesȱareȱdefinedȱbyȱstateȱlaw.ȱȱ6.ȱ_______ȱ
ȱȱ7.ȱȱ Aȱcausalȱconnectionȱbetweenȱtheȱdutyȱandȱtheȱbreachȱofȱtheȱdutyȱȱ
isȱcalledȱcausation.ȱ
ȱ7.ȱ_______ȱ
ȱȱ8.ȱȱ Batteryȱandȱnegligenceȱareȱintentionalȱtorts.ȱȱ8.ȱ_______ȱ
ȱȱ9.ȱȱ Contributoryȱnegligenceȱisȱaȱdefenseȱtoȱtheȱtortȱofȱnegligence.ȱȱ9.ȱ_______ȱ
10.ȱPunitiveȱdamagesȱareȱalwaysȱavailableȱwhereȱanȱintentionalȱtortȱȱ
hasȱbeenȱcommitted.ȱ
ȱ10.ȱ_______ȱ
SECTION II—THINK CRITICALLY ABOUT LEGAL CONCEPTS
Directions:ȱInȱtheȱAnswersȱcolumnȱatȱtheȱrightȱofȱeachȱstatement,ȱwriteȱtheȱletterȱthatȱ
representsȱtheȱword,ȱorȱgroupȱofȱwords,ȱthatȱcorrectlyȱcompletesȱtheȱstatement.ȱ
ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱAnswersȱ
againstȱsociety,ȱ(c)ȱbothȱaȱandȱb,ȱ(d)ȱnoneȱofȱtheseȱ
12.ȱ12._______
Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱisȱnotȱanȱelementȱofȱmostȱtorts?ȱ(a)ȱ
causation,ȱ(b)ȱconspiracy,ȱ(c)ȱinjury,ȱ(d)ȱviolationȱofȱaȱdutyȱ
13.ȱWhichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱcompelsȱaȱwitnessȱtoȱappearȱinȱcourtȱandȱ
testify?ȱ(a)ȱtheȱcomplaint,ȱ(b)ȱtheȱsubpoena,ȱ(c)ȱtheȱtort,ȱ(d)ȱtheȱ
13._______
referredȱtoȱasȱ(a)ȱanȱassault,ȱ(b)ȱbattery,ȱ(c)ȱdefamation,ȱ(d)ȱanȱ
invasionȱofȱprivacyȱ
15.ȱAnȱunlawfulȱorȱharmfulȱtouchingȱisȱcalledȱ(a)ȱanȱassault,ȱ(b)ȱ
battery,ȱ(c)ȱdefamation,ȱ(d)ȱanȱinvasionȱofȱprivacyȱ
15._______
16.ȱInȱaȱjuryȱtrial,ȱwhoȱdecidesȱissuesȱofȱfact?ȱ(a)ȱtheȱdefendant,ȱ(b)ȱ
theȱjudgesȱofȱtheȱappellateȱcourt,ȱ(c)ȱtheȱjury,ȱ(d)ȱtheȱtrialȱjudgeȱ
16._______
17.ȱAȱcompleteȱdefenseȱforȱslanderȱandȱlibelȱmustȱshowȱthatȱtheȱ
statementȱisȱ(a)ȱfalse,ȱ(b)ȱinjuriousȱtoȱone’sȱreputation,ȱ(c)ȱtrue,ȱ
(d)ȱnoneȱofȱtheseȱ
17._______
18.ȱAȱconverterȱmayȱbeȱ(a)ȱaȱthief,ȱ(b)ȱtheȱinnocentȱbuyerȱofȱstolenȱ
goods,ȱ(c)ȱbothȱaȱandȱb,ȱ(d)ȱnoneȱofȱtheseȱ
18._______
19.ȱWhichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱisȱnotȱaȱdefenseȱtoȱtheȱtortȱofȱnegligence?ȱ
(a)ȱassumptionȱofȱtheȱrisk,ȱ(b)ȱcontributoryȱnegligence,ȱ(c)ȱ
comparativeȱnegligence,ȱ(d)ȱfraudȱ
19._______
20.ȱ20._______
Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱwouldȱprobablyȱnotȱbeȱconsideredȱstrictȱ
liability?ȱ(a)ȱraisingȱtulips,ȱ(b)ȱraisingȱtigers,ȱ(c)ȱsellingȱdefectiveȱ
carȱseats,ȱ(d)ȱstoringȱseveralȱ100Ȭgallonȱtanksȱofȱpropaneȱgasȱinȱ
yourȱgarageȱ
SECTION III—APPLY LEGAL PRACTICES
21.ȱBeckyȱborrowedȱsomeȱmoviesȱfromȱMauriceȱandȱforgotȱtoȱreturnȱthem.ȱTwoȱ
monthsȱlater,ȱBecky’sȱmomȱcleanedȱhouseȱandȱhadȱaȱyardȱsaleȱandȱsoldȱthoseȱ
movies.ȱDoesȱMauriceȱhaveȱanyȱlegalȱrecourseȱinȱthisȱmatter?ȱIsȱBeckyȱorȱherȱ
momȱconsideredȱtheȱoffender?ȱ
ȱ
22.ȱCarol,ȱ14ȬyearȬoldȱdaughterȱofȱFrank,ȱletȱherȱfriendȱPat,ȱwhoȱisȱalsoȱ14,ȱdriveȱherȱ
father’sȱcarȱwithoutȱhisȱknowledge.ȱPatȱswervedȱtoȱavoidȱaȱdogȱandȱhitȱanotherȱ
vehicleȱheadȬon,ȱcausingȱthreeȱfatalities.ȱCanȱcriminalȱchargesȱbeȱbroughtȱ
againstȱFrank?ȱAreȱPat’sȱparentsȱliableȱinȱanyȱway?ȱIfȱso,ȱhow?ȱ
23.ȱPhyllisȱwasȱchargedȱwithȱrunningȱaȱredȱlightȱandȱcollidingȱwithȱAdam’sȱvehicle,ȱ
whichȱwasȱinȱtheȱintersection.ȱPhyllisȱarguedȱthatȱtheȱlightȱwasȱgreen,ȱandȱsheȱ
producedȱherȱbestȱfriendȱwhoȱwasȱinȱtheȱcarȱwithȱherȱtoȱtestifyȱonȱherȱbehalf.ȱ
Phyllisȱalsoȱarguedȱthatȱtheȱlawȱshouldȱnotȱfindȱherȱresponsibleȱforȱtheȱaccidentȱ
becauseȱAdamȱhadȱaȱchanceȱtoȱavoidȱtheȱaccident,ȱbutȱfailedȱtoȱslowȱdownȱ
whenȱheȱsawȱherȱinȱtheȱintersection.ȱWhichȱargumentȱwillȱtheȱjudgeȱdecideȱandȱ
whichȱwillȱtheȱjuryȱdecide?ȱȱ
1-92 Chapter 5 Civil Law and Procedure
ANSWERS
Lessonȱ5—1ȱ
Quiz
2.ȱFȱ
3.ȱTȱ
5.ȱFȱ
6.ȱTȱ
8.ȱTȱ
9.ȱFȱ
ȱ
Practice Activity
1.ȱTheȱdutyȱofȱcareȱregardingȱparentalȱcontrolȱofȱtheȱactionsȱofȱaȱminorȱchildȱ
attachesȱwhenȱaȱparentȱknowsȱorȱshouldȱknowȱthatȱinjuryȱtoȱanotherȱwasȱ
reasonablyȱforeseeable.ȱNeitherȱtheȱtypeȱofȱharmȱinflicted,ȱnorȱtheȱvictim,ȱwereȱ
2.ȱTheȱcourtȱheldȱthatȱKimberly’sȱparentsȱowedȱnoȱdutyȱtoȱanȱunanticipatedȱvisitorȱ
ofȱtheirȱadultȱdaughterȱlivingȱinȱtheirȱhomeȱandȱthatȱsuchȱaȱdutyȱisȱrequiredȱinȱ
