978-0538496902 Chapter 5 Part 1

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STUDENT _______________________________________ CLASS _______________________ DATE _________

ȱLESSONȱ5—1ȱQUIZȱ

LegalȱConceptsȱ

Directions:ȱPlaceȱaȱTȱforȱTrueȱorȱanȱFȱforȱFalseȱinȱtheȱAnswersȱcolumnȱtoȱshowȱ

whetherȱeachȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱstatementsȱisȱtrueȱorȱfalse.ȱ

ȱAnswersȱ

1.ȱAnȱindividualȱwhoȱcommitsȱaȱrecklessȱactȱwithoutȱcausingȱinjuryȱȱ 1. ______ ȱ

ȱwillȱprobablyȱnotȱbeȱconvictedȱofȱaȱtort.ȱ

2.ȱRespondeatȱsuperiorȱisȱtheȱfirstȱpersonȱtoȱrespondȱtoȱaȱlawsuit.ȱ2. ______ ȱ

3.ȱTortsȱbasedȱonȱcarelessnessȱareȱclassifiedȱasȱnegligence.ȱ3. ______ ȱ

4.ȱTortsȱthatȱareȱnotȱbasedȱonȱintentȱorȱcarelessnessȱareȱclassifiedȱasȱȱ 4. ______ ȱ

ȱstrictȱliabilities.ȱ

5.ȱUnderȱtortȱlaw,ȱtheȱdutyȱnotȱtoȱinjureȱanotherȱincludesȱbodilyȱȱ 5. ______ ȱ

ȱharm,ȱbutȱnotȱtheȱharmingȱofȱsomeone’sȱreputation.ȱ

6.ȱAnȱemployerȱcanȱbeȱheldȱliableȱforȱtheȱactionsȱofȱanȱemployee.ȱ6. ______ ȱ

7.ȱChildrenȱandȱinsaneȱpersonsȱcanȱbeȱheldȱliableȱforȱinjuringȱothers.ȱ7. ______ ȱ

8.ȱAȱpersonȱwhoȱcommitsȱaȱtortȱmayȱbeȱsuedȱforȱmoneyȱdamage.ȱ8. ______ ȱ

9.ȱAllȱtortsȱrequireȱthatȱtheȱbreachȱofȱdutyȱbeȱintentional.ȱ9. ______ ȱ

10.ȱTheȱfourȱelementsȱofȱaȱtortȱareȱduty,ȱbreach,ȱinjury,ȱandȱȱ 10. ______ ȱ

ȱcriminalȱintent.ȱ

LegalȱApplicationsȱ

11.ȱJoshȱisȱaȱ16ȬyearȬoldȱlifeguardȱatȱSunsetȱCountyȱGolfȱCourse.ȱHeȱgivesȱ

swimmingȱlessonsȱtoȱchildrenȱwhileȱtheirȱparentsȱareȱgolfing.ȱJoshȱisȱtoȱmakeȱ

sureȱthatȱnoȱoneȱdivesȱintoȱtheȱpoolȱfromȱtheȱside.ȱJoshȱfailedȱtoȱwarnȱaȱnewȱgirlȱ

namedȱJuanitaȱaboutȱthisȱdanger.ȱJuanitaȱsustainedȱaȱseriousȱneckȱinjuryȱwhenȱ

sheȱhitȱherȱheadȱonȱtheȱconcreteȱbottomȱofȱtheȱpool.ȱWhoȱisȱliableȱforȱJuanita’sȱ

injury?ȱExplainȱyourȱanswer.ȱ

12.ȱSupposeȱJoshȱfromȱExerciseȱ11ȱdidȱnotȱwarnȱJuanitaȱaboutȱdivingȱfromȱtheȱsideȱ

ofȱtheȱpoolȱandȱsheȱwasȱnotȱinjured.ȱWouldȱJoshȱlikelyȱbeȱguiltyȱofȱaȱtortȱifȱ

Juanita’sȱparentsȱfoundȱoutȱthatȱsheȱhadȱnotȱreceivedȱthisȱwarning?ȱWhyȱorȱwhyȱ

not?ȱ

1-78 Chapter 5 Civil Law and Procedure

STUDENT _______________________________________ CLASS _______________________ DATE _________

ȱLESSONȱ5—1ȱPRACTICEȱACTIVITYȱ

Readȱtheȱfollowingȱcasesȱandȱanswerȱtheȱquestionsȱaboutȱthem.ȱAttachȱaȱpageȱifȱadditionalȱ

spaceȱisȱneededȱforȱanswers.ȱ

1.ȱLarry,ȱ15,ȱlivedȱwithȱhisȱmother.ȱLarry’sȱgrandparents’ȱtrailer,ȱinȱwhichȱtheyȱ

lived,ȱwasȱwithinȱ100ȱfeetȱofȱLarry’sȱhouse,ȱandȱheȱwasȱoftenȱatȱtheirȱhome.ȱTheȱ

grandparentsȱcaredȱforȱLarryȱwhileȱhisȱmomȱwasȱatȱwork,ȱandȱLarryȱoftenȱateȱ

hisȱmealsȱandȱsnacksȱthere.ȱEitherȱLarry’sȱmomȱorȱtheȱgrandparentsȱalwaysȱ

knewȱLarry’sȱwhereabouts.ȱ

returnedȱhomeȱandȱlaterȱtoldȱhisȱmotherȱthatȱheȱthoughtȱheȱhadȱkilledȱDarryl.ȱ

Afterȱaȱsearch,ȱDarryl’sȱbodyȱwasȱfoundȱonȱtheȱgrandparents’ȱproperty.ȱDarryl’sȱ

motherȱsuedȱLarry’sȱmotherȱandȱgrandparentsȱforȱnegligentȱfailureȱtoȱcontrolȱaȱ

minor.ȱShouldȱtheyȱbeȱheldȱresponsibleȱbecauseȱtheyȱhadȱaȱdutyȱtoȱDarrylȱandȱ

hisȱmother?ȱ[Wellsȱv.ȱHickman,ȱ657ȱN.E.ȱ2dȱ172ȱ(Ind.ȱCt.ȱApp.ȱ1995)]ȱ

2.ȱWhileȱCharlesȱandȱPatriciaȱKeasȱwereȱawayȱfromȱtheirȱhomeȱandȱonȱvacation,ȱ

theirȱ19ȬyearȬoldȱdaughter,ȱKimberly,ȱreceivedȱaȱvisitȱfromȱKennethȱMaxwell.ȱ

daughterȱfromȱgainingȱaccessȱtoȱalcoholȱwhenȱtheyȱknewȱorȱshouldȱhaveȱknownȱ

thatȱsheȱwasȱaddictedȱtoȱit.ȱ[Maxwellȱv.ȱKeas,ȱ639ȱA.ȱ2dȱ1215ȱ(Pa.ȱSuper.ȱCt.ȱ1994)]ȱ

Chapter 5 Civil Law and Procedure 1-79

STUDENT ________________________________ CLASS __________________________ DATE _________________

ȱLESSONȱ5—1ȱRETEACHȱ

Directions:ȱCircleȱtheȱanswersȱtoȱeachȱquestionȱinȱtheȱpuzzleȱbelow.ȱAnswersȱmayȱ

appearȱinȱhorizontal,ȱvertical,ȱorȱdiagonalȱform.ȱTheyȱmayȱalsoȱbeȱwrittenȱ

backwardsȱorȱfromȱtheȱbottomȱofȱtheȱpuzzleȱtoȱtheȱtop.ȱ

1.ȱWhatȱisȱaȱlegalȱobligationȱtoȱdoȱorȱnotȱdoȱsomething?ȱȱȱ ȱ

2.ȱAȱviolationȱofȱdutyȱisȱcalledȱa(n)ȱȱ .ȱ

3.ȱCourtsȱrequireȱtheȱbreachȱinȱintentionalȱtortsȱtoȱbeȱȱȱ .ȱ

4.ȱWhatȱisȱaȱprivateȱorȱcivilȱwrong?ȱȱȱ ȱ

5.ȱWhatȱisȱaȱharmȱthatȱisȱrecognizedȱbyȱtheȱlaw?ȱȱȱ ȱ

6.ȱWhatȱkindȱofȱliabilityȱoccursȱwhenȱoneȱpersonȱisȱliableȱforȱtheȱtortsȱȱ

ofȱanother?ȱȱȱ ȱ

7.ȱWhatȱkindȱofȱtortȱinvolvesȱneitherȱintentȱnorȱcarelessness?ȱȱȱ ȱ

8.ȱTheȱproofȱthatȱaȱbreachȱofȱdutyȱcausedȱanȱinjuryȱisȱcalledȱȱ ȱ .ȱ

9.ȱWhatȱtermȱmeansȱthatȱtheȱamountȱofȱcausationȱisȱgreatȱenoughȱforȱitȱtoȱbeȱ

recognizedȱbyȱlaw?ȱȱ ȱ ȱ

10.ȱȱ Whatȱkindȱofȱtortȱisȱbasedȱonȱcarelessness?ȱȱ ȱ ȱ

I BREACHADEMTOAA

LONBERYETONEPCW

1-80 Chapter 5 Civil Law and Procedure

STUDENT ________________________________ CLASS __________________________ DATE _________________

ȱLESSONȱ5—1ȱENRICHMENTȱ

Inȱthisȱlessonȱyouȱlearnedȱthatȱtortsȱareȱprivateȱorȱcivilȱwrongs—offensesȱagainstȱanȱ

individual.ȱAsȱwithȱcriminalȱlaw,ȱcertainȱelementsȱareȱcommonȱtoȱmostȱtorts.ȱTheseȱ

elementsȱmustȱbeȱprovedȱinȱaȱtrialȱtoȱestablishȱliabilityȱ(legalȱresponsibility).ȱ

Researchȱaȱfamousȱcivilȱcaseȱorȱreadȱaboutȱaȱcurrentȱcivilȱcaseȱinȱyourȱnewspaper.ȱ

Noteȱtheȱfourȱelementsȱasȱdiscussedȱinȱtheȱtext,ȱandȱuseȱtheȱspaceȱprovidedȱtoȱ

explainȱhowȱeachȱelementȱwasȱestablishedȱ(orȱisȱbeingȱestablished)ȱatȱtrial.ȱ

1.ȱDutyȱ(aȱlegalȱobligationȱtoȱdoȱorȱnotȱtoȱdoȱsomething)ȱ

2.ȱBreachȱ(aȱviolationȱthatȱisȱrecognizedȱbyȱtheȱlaw)ȱ

4.ȱCausationȱ(proofȱthatȱtheȱbreachȱcausedȱtheȱinjury)ȱ

Chapter 5 Civil Law and Procedure 1-81

STUDENT ________________________________ CLASS __________________________ DATE _________________

ȱLESSONȱ5—2ȱQUIZȱ

LegalȱConceptsȱ

Directions:ȱInȱtheȱAnswersȱcolumn,ȱwriteȱtheȱletterȱfromȱColumnȱ1ȱthatȱrepresentsȱ

theȱwordȱorȱphraseȱthatȱmatchesȱtheȱstatementȱinȱColumnȱ2.ȱ

ȱColumnȱ1ȱȱColumnȱ2ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱAnswersȱ

ȱȱ1.ȱAnȱintentionalȱtortȱwhereȱoneȱpersonȱȱ ȱȱ1._____ȱ

ȱȱ ȱthreatensȱtoȱphysicallyȱorȱoffensivelyȱȱ

ȱȱ ȱinjureȱanotherȱ

ȱȱ 2.ȱAȱtortȱthatȱoccursȱwhenȱpersonalȱpropertyȱȱ ȱȱ2._____ȱ

ȱȱ ȱisȱstolenȱ

ȱȱ 3.ȱAȱfalseȱstatementȱaboutȱaȱpersonȱthatȱȱ ȱȱ3._____ȱ

ȱȱ ȱinjuresȱtheirȱreputationȱ

ȱȱ 4.ȱAnȱintentionalȱmisrepresentationȱofȱanȱȱȱ4._____ȱ

ȱȱ ȱexistingȱfactȱ

ȱȱ 5.ȱAȱtortȱinȱwhichȱaȱpersonȱisȱdeprivedȱofȱȱ ȱȱ5._____ȱ

ȱȱ ȱfreedomȱofȱmovementȱ

ȱȱ 6.ȱAȱtypeȱofȱliabilityȱthatȱmakesȱtheȱdefendantȱȱȱ6._____ȱ

ȱȱ ȱliableȱifȱheȱorȱsheȱengagedȱinȱanȱactivityȱȱ

ȱȱ ȱthatȱresultedȱinȱinjuryȱ

ȱȱ 7.ȱAȱtortȱinȱwhichȱanother’sȱpropertyȱisȱȱ ȱȱ7._____ȱ

ȱȱ ȱenteredȱwithoutȱtheirȱconsentȱ

ȱȱ 8.ȱAnȱintentionalȱtortȱthatȱinvolvesȱharmfulȱȱ ȱȱ8._____ȱ

ȱȱ ȱorȱoffensiveȱtouchingȱofȱanotherȱ

ȱȱ 9.ȱTheȱdutyȱtoȱactȱwithȱcareȱandȱgoodȱjudgmentȱȱȱ9._____ȱ

ȱȱ 10.ȱCutȱoffȱconsumers’ȱrightȱtoȱsueȱforȱdefectsȱ

A.ȱfalseȱ

imprisonmentȱ

B.ȱstrictȱ

C.ȱstatutesȱofȱreposeȱ

D.ȱassaultȱ

E.ȱtrespassȱtoȱlandȱ

F.ȱbatteryȱ

G.ȱdefamationȱ

H.ȱfraudȱ

I.ȱassumptionȱofȱtheȱ

riskȱ

J.ȱconversionȱ

K.ȱcomparativeȱ

L.ȱreasonableȬ

personȱstandardȱ

ȱȱ ȱȱinȱdesignȱofȱproductsȱafterȱaȱcertainȱtimeȱȱȱ10._____ ȱ

ȱȱ 11.ȱAȱtypeȱofȱnegligenceȱwhereȱtheȱplaintiffȱȱ ȱȱ

ȱȱ ȱknowinglyȱsubjectsȱhimselfȱtoȱdangerȱȱȱ11._____ȱ

ȱȱ ȱȱ

LegalȱApplicationȱ

12.ȱYoko’sȱcarȱslidȱonȱanȱicyȱinterstateȱoverpass.ȱSheȱlostȱcontrolȱofȱherȱcarȱandȱranȱ

maintainingȱtheȱroad.ȱTheȱtransportationȱdepartmentȱdidȱhaveȱaȱsignȱaffixedȱtoȱ

theȱoverpassȱwarningȱofȱitsȱtendencyȱtoȱfreezeȱbeforeȱotherȱroadȱsurfaces.ȱIsȱtheȱ

stateȱdepartmentȱliable?ȱ

5-82 Ch

apter 5 Civil Law and Procedure

Chapter 5 Civil Law and Procedure 5-83

STUDENT ________________________________ CLASS __________________________ DATE _________________

ȱLESSONȱ5—2ȱPRACTICEȱACTIVITYȱ

Readȱtheȱfollowingȱcasesȱandȱanswerȱtheȱquestionsȱaboutȱthem.ȱAttachȱaȱpageȱforȱanswers.ȱ

1.ȱEffenbergerȱwasȱaȱ28ȬyearȬoldȱweightlifterȱandȱbodybuildingȱcoachȱemployedȱ

byȱKnoxȱLumberȱCompanyȱasȱaȱplainclothesȱsecurityȱofficer.ȱHeȱobservedȱ73Ȭ

yearȬoldȱAltmanȱwalkȱoverȱtoȱtheȱutilityȱbladesȱdisplay,ȱtakeȱaȱpackageȱoffȱtheȱ

shelf,ȱandȱputȱtheȱbladesȱinȱhisȱpocket.ȱEffenbergerȱretrievedȱtheȱemptyȱpackageȱ

andȱcontinuedȱtoȱfollowȱAltmanȱdownstairs.ȱ

ȱȱAfterȱAltmanȱpurchasedȱ$64ȱworthȱofȱmaterials,ȱheȱwasȱstoppedȱinȱtheȱ

parkingȱlotȱbyȱEffenbergerȱandȱanotherȱKnoxȱemployeeȱandȱinformedȱthatȱheȱ

wasȱunderȱarrestȱforȱstealingȱtheȱutilityȱblades.ȱAltmanȱwasȱledȱbackȱintoȱtheȱ

tookȱaspirinȱforȱtheȱpain,ȱValiumȱbecauseȱheȱwasȱsoȱupset,ȱandȱmedicationȱforȱhisȱ

highȱbloodȱpressureȱandȱheartȱcondition.ȱHeȱsaidȱheȱwasȱveryȱupsetȱaboutȱtheȱ

incidentȱandȱhadȱbadȱdreamsȱaboutȱgoingȱthroughȱtheȱordealȱagain.ȱAltmanȱsuesȱ

theȱstoreȱforȱassault,ȱbattery,ȱandȱfalseȱimprisonment.ȱShouldȱheȱwin?ȱWhyȱorȱ

whyȱnot?ȱ[Altmanȱv.ȱKnoxȱLumberȱCo.,ȱ381ȱN.W.ȱ2dȱ858ȱ(Minn.ȱCt.ȱApp.ȱ1986)]ȱ

2.ȱClark,ȱwhileȱaȱcustomerȱatȱtheȱMexicaliȱRoseȱrestaurant,ȱsustainedȱthroatȱinjuriesȱ

whenȱheȱswallowedȱaȱoneȬinchȱchickenȱboneȱcontainedȱinȱtheȱchickenȱenchiladaȱ

bonesȱinȱchickenȱenchiladas.ȱShouldȱheȱwin?ȱ[MexicaliȱRoseȱv.ȱClark,ȱ822ȱP.ȱ2dȱ

1292ȱ(Cal.ȱ1992)]ȱ

STUDENT ________________________________ CLASS __________________________ DATE _________________

ȱLESSONȱ5—2ȱRETEACHȱ

Directions:ȱȱWriteȱtheȱanswersȱtoȱQuestionsȱ1–10ȱonȱtheȱblanksȱprovided.ȱTheȱanswerȱ

toȱQuestionȱ11ȱshouldȱappearȱinȱtheȱverticalȱboxes.ȱ

ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ11.ȱ

ȱȱ1.ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ__ȱ__ȱ__ȱ__ȱ__ȱȱ__ȱ__ȱȱ

ȱȱ2.ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ__ȱ__ȱȱ ȱ__ȱ__ȱ__ȱ__ȱ__ȱ__ȱ__ȱ__ȱ__ȱ__ȱ

ȱȱ3ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱ__ȱ__ȱ__ȱ__ȱȱ

ȱȱ4.ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱ__ȱ__ȱ__ȱ__ȱ__ȱ__ȱ

ȱȱ5ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ__ȱ__ȱȱ ȱ__ȱ__ȱ__ȱ__ȱ__ȱ__ȱ__ȱ__ȱ

ȱȱ6.ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ__ȱȱ__ȱ__ȱ__ȱ__ȱ__ȱ

ȱȱ7.ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ__ȱ__ȱ__ȱ__ȱ__ȱȱȱ

ȱȱ8.ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ__ȱ__ȱ__ȱ__ȱ__ȱ__ȱ__ȱȱ__ȱ__ȱ__ȱ__ȱ__ȱ__ȱ__ȱ__ȱ

ȱȱ9.ȱȱȱ__ȱ__ȱ__ȱ__ȱ__ȱ__ȱ__ȱ__ȱȱ ȱ__ȱȱ

10.ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ__ȱ__ȱȱ__ȱ__ȱ__ȱ__ȱ__ȱ__ȱ__ȱ__ȱ__ȱ

ȱȱ1.ȱAnotherȱnameȱforȱspokenȱdefamationȱȱ

ȱȱ2.ȱTortȱinȱwhichȱpropertyȱisȱenteredȱwithoutȱtheȱowner’sȱconsentȱȱ

ȱȱ3.ȱCrimeȱofȱintentionallyȱmisrepresentingȱanȱexistingȱfactȱ

ȱȱ4.ȱTortȱwhereȱaȱthreatȱtoȱharmȱorȱoffendȱisȱmadeȱ

ȱȱ5.ȱTypeȱofȱnegligenceȱwhereȱdamagesȱareȱproportionatelyȱȱ

awardedȱtoȱtheȱplaintiffȱ

ȱȱ6.ȱTortȱthatȱinvolvesȱharmfulȱorȱoffensiveȱtouchingȱofȱanotherȱpersonȱ

ȱȱ7.ȱTypeȱofȱliabilityȱthatȱholdsȱtheȱdefendantȱliableȱforȱȱ

engagingȱinȱanȱactivityȱthatȱresultedȱinȱanȱinjuryȱȱ

ȱȱ8.ȱTypeȱofȱnegligenceȱdefenseȱwhereȱtheȱplaintiffȱknowsȱofȱtheȱȱ

dangerȱ

ȱȱ9.ȱTortȱthatȱinvolvesȱtheftȱorȱdestructionȱofȱanother’sȱpropertyȱȱ

10.ȱTypeȱofȱnegligenceȱwhereȱtheȱplaintiffȱpartiallyȱcausedȱ

theȱinjuryȱȱ

1-84 Chapter 5 Civil Law and Procedure

STUDENT ________________________________ CLASS __________________________ DATE _________________

ȱLESSONȱ5—2ȱENRICHMENTȱ

Thisȱlessonȱdefinedȱtheȱtortȱofȱnegligence.ȱInȱtheȱcaseȱofȱcontributoryȱnegligence,ȱtheȱ

plaintiff’sȱownȱnegligenceȱwasȱaȱpartialȱcauseȱofȱtheȱaccident.ȱInȱaȱstateȱthatȱ

recognizesȱcontributoryȱnegligence,ȱtheȱplaintiffȱcouldȱnotȱrecoverȱforȱinjuries.ȱ

However,ȱmanyȱstatesȱnowȱrecognizeȱcomparativeȱnegligence.ȱIfȱaȱplaintiffȱinȱaȱ

negligenceȱactionȱisȱpartiallyȱatȱfault,ȱtheȱindividualȱwillȱbeȱawardedȱdamagesȱ

reducedȱinȱproportionȱtoȱhisȱorȱherȱnegligence.ȱResearchȱyourȱstate’sȱlawsȱonȱ

contributoryȱversusȱcomparativeȱnegligenceȱandȱanswerȱtheȱfollowingȱquestions.ȱ

1.ȱDoesȱyourȱstateȱrecognizeȱcontributoryȱnegligenceȱorȱcomparativeȱnegligence?ȱ

2.ȱIfȱyouȱwereȱinvolvedȱinȱaȱcarȱaccidentȱinȱyourȱstateȱandȱyouȱwereȱslightlyȱ

negligentȱinȱcausingȱtheȱaccidentȱbutȱtheȱotherȱdriverȱwasȱprimarilyȱresponsibleȱ

forȱtheȱcollision,ȱcouldȱyouȱrecoverȱdamages?ȱIfȱso,ȱwillȱtheȱdamagesȱbeȱreducedȱ

inȱproportionȱtoȱyourȱnegligence?ȱ

3.ȱIfȱyourȱnegligenceȱinȱtheȱcarȱaccidentȱwasȱgreaterȱthanȱtheȱdefendant’sȱ

negligence,ȱwouldȱyouȱbeȱableȱtoȱrecoverȱanyȱdamages?ȱ

STUDENT ________________________________ CLASS __________________________ DATE _________________

ȱLESSONȱ5—3ȱQUIZȱ

LegalȱConceptsȱ

Directions:ȱInȱtheȱAnswersȱcolumn,ȱwriteȱtheȱletterȱfromȱColumnȱ1ȱthatȱrepresentsȱ

theȱwordȱorȱphraseȱthatȱmatchesȱtheȱstatementȱinȱColumnȱ2.ȱ

ȱColumnȱ1ȱȱColumnȱ2ȱȱȱȱȱȱAnswersȱ

ȱȱ 1.ȱAȱcourtȱorderȱforȱaȱpersonȱtoȱdoȱorȱnotȱdoȱaȱȱ ȱȱ1._____ȱ

ȱȱ ȱparticularȱactȱ

ȱȱ 2.ȱAȱbriefȱoutlineȱofȱwhatȱtheȱdefendantȱandȱȱȱ2._____ȱ

ȱȱ ȱtheȱplaintiffȱwillȱtryȱtoȱproveȱ

ȱȱ 3.ȱAȱmonetaryȱawardȱgivenȱtoȱtheȱinjuredȱȱ ȱȱ3._____ȱ

ȱȱ ȱpartyȱtoȱcompensateȱforȱlossȱ

ȱȱ 4.ȱAnyȱobjectȱaȱjudgeȱallowsȱtoȱbeȱpresentedȱtoȱȱȱ4._____ȱ

ȱȱ ȱtheȱjuryȱthatȱhelpsȱproveȱorȱdisproveȱaȱcaseȱ

ȱȱ 5.ȱAȱmonetaryȱawardȱthatȱisȱsetȱhighȱenoughȱȱ ȱȱ5._____ȱ

ȱȱ ȱtoȱpunishȱtheȱdefendantȱ

ȱȱ 6.ȱInvolvesȱtakingȱdepositionsȱfromȱpartiesȱandȱȱȱȱ6._____ȱ

ȱȱ ȱwitnessesȱȱ ȱȱȱ

ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ7.ȱAȱcourtȱorderȱissuedȱtoȱaȱdefendantȱtoȱȱ ȱ ȱȱ7._____ȱ

ȱȱ ȱappearȱinȱcourtȱtoȱanswerȱaȱcomplaintȱ

ȱȱȱ6._____ȱ8.ȱStatementsȱmadeȱbyȱwitnessesȱunderȱoathȱȱȱ8._____ȱ

ȱȱ 9.ȱTheȱdecisionȱofȱaȱjuryȱȱȱ9._____ȱ

ȱȱ 10.ȱAȱpersonȱwhoȱhasȱpersonalȱknowledgeȱofȱȱ ȱȱ10._____ȱ

ȱȱ ȱtheȱfactsȱofȱaȱcaseȱ

ȱȱ 11.ȱTheȱfinalȱresultȱofȱaȱtrialȱȱȱ11._____ȱ

A.ȱjudgmentȱ

B.ȱdiscoveryȱ

C.ȱwitnessȱ

D.ȱdamagesȱ

E.ȱsummonsȱ

F.ȱtestimonyȱ

G.ȱopeningȱ

ȱstatementsȱ

H.ȱpunitiveȱȱ

ȱdamagesȱ

I.ȱinjunctionȱ

J.ȱverdictȱ

K.ȱevidenceȱ

LegalȱApplicationȱ

12.ȱDr.ȱWilliamsȱisȱaȱfamilyȱdentistȱwhoȱisȱrequiredȱtoȱwearȱlatexȱsurgicalȱglovesȱ

andȱaȱmaskȱwhileȱworkingȱonȱherȱpatients.ȱTheseȱmeasuresȱareȱtakenȱtoȱpreventȱ

theȱtransmittalȱofȱcommunicableȱdiseases.ȱRecently,ȱDr.ȱWilliamsȱpurchasedȱ

severalȱcasesȱofȱtheseȱglovesȱandȱmasksȱfromȱaȱlargeȱmedicalȱsupplier.ȱTheȱ

administratorsȱofȱtheȱmedicalȱcompanyȱareȱawareȱthatȱtheyȱhaveȱsoldȱsomeȱ

defectiveȱgloves.ȱIfȱDr.ȱWilliamsȱorȱanyȱofȱherȱassistantsȱcontractȱaȱdiseaseȱfromȱ

theirȱpatients,ȱwhatȱtypeȱofȱdamagesȱshouldȱtheyȱseek?ȱ

1-86 Chapter 5 Civil Law and Procedure

STUDENT ________________________________ CLASS __________________________ DATE _________________

ȱLESSONȱ5—3ȱPRACTICEȱACTIVITYȱ

Readȱtheȱfollowingȱcasesȱandȱanswerȱtheȱquestionsȱaboutȱthem.ȱAttachȱaȱpageȱifȱadditionalȱ

spaceȱisȱneededȱforȱanswers.ȱ

1.ȱLeslieȱThackerȱworkedȱforȱManville,ȱanȱasbestosȱmanufacturer,ȱatȱitsȱ

Bloomingtonȱplantȱ1954–1962.ȱAllȱbutȱtheȱlastȱthreeȱmonthsȱofȱhisȱtenureȱatȱtheȱ

BloomingtonȱplantȱwereȱspentȱinȱtheȱpipeȬcoveringȱdepartment,ȱconsistingȱ

broughtȱanȱactionȱagainstȱManvilleȱforȱdamagesȱbasedȱonȱinjuriesȱtoȱherȱhusbandȱ

andȱhisȱdeathȱfromȱcancer,ȱwhichȱsheȱclaimedȱheȱcontractedȱwhileȱworkingȱatȱtheȱ

plant.ȱManvilleȱarguedȱthatȱthereȱwasȱinsufficientȱevidenceȱtoȱindicateȱthatȱ

ThackerȱhadȱbeenȱexposedȱtoȱManvilleȱasbestos,ȱandȱtherefore,ȱnothingȱManvilleȱ

didȱcouldȱbeȱaȱproximateȱcauseȱofȱThacker’sȱdeath.ȱIsȱManvilleȱcorrect?ȱ[Thackerȱ

2.ȱThereȱareȱthreeȱbasicȱstandardsȱbyȱwhichȱtheȱsufficiencyȱofȱevidenceȱisȱweighedȱ

byȱfactȬfindersȱ(eitherȱtheȱjury,ȱorȱtheȱjudgeȱsittingȱwithoutȱaȱjury):ȱȱ

ȱ(1)ȱtheȱpreponderanceȱofȱtheȱevidenceȱ(usedȱinȱmostȱcivilȱactions),ȱ

ȱ(2)ȱproofȱbeyondȱandȱtoȱtheȱexclusionȱofȱaȱreasonableȱdoubtȱ(theȱstate’sȱburdenȱ

satisfactoryȱevidence,ȱnotȱaloneȱbyȱaȱpreponderanceȱofȱtheȱevidence.ȱButȱplaintiffȱ

mustȱestablishȱtheȱfactȱbyȱsuchȱevidenceȱasȱtoȱshowȱconclusivelyȱthatȱaȱmistakeȱ

hadȱbeenȱmade,ȱthatȱsuchȱmistakeȱwasȱmutualȱtoȱbothȱparties,ȱandȱtoȱsatisfyȱyouȱ

ofȱsuchȱmistakeȱbeyondȱaȱreasonableȱdoubt.”ȱIsȱthisȱjuryȱinstructionȱcorrect?ȱ[Allstateȱ

InsuranceȱCo.ȱv.ȱVanater,ȱ297ȱSo.ȱ2dȱ293ȱ(Fla.ȱ1974)]ȱ

Chapter 5 Civil Law and Procedure 1-87

STUDENT ________________________________ CLASS __________________________ DATE _________________

ȱLESSONȱ5—3ȱRETEACHȱ

Directions:ȱWriteȱtheȱnumbersȱ1–20ȱonȱindexȱcardsȱinȱlargeȱprint.ȱOnȱtheȱotherȱsideȱ

ofȱtheȱcard,ȱwriteȱtheȱdefinitionȱorȱtermȱthatȱisȱshownȱbyȱeachȱnumberȱbelow.ȱTapeȱ

theȱcardsȱtoȱaȱchalkboardȱinȱtheȱpatternȱbelowȱwithȱtheȱnumbersȱfacingȱtheȱstudents.ȱ

Divideȱtheȱstudentsȱintoȱfourȱorȱfiveȱteams.ȱEachȱteamȱshouldȱchooseȱaȱcaptainȱtoȱ

answerȱforȱthem.ȱTheȱteamȱcaptainȱwillȱchooseȱanyȱtwoȱnumbers.ȱReadȱtheȱcontentsȱ

onȱtheȱbackȱofȱtheȱtwoȱcardsȱoutȱloud.ȱIfȱtheȱtwoȱchosenȱcardsȱformȱaȱcorrectȱmatchȱ

ofȱaȱtermȱandȱitsȱdefinition,ȱtheyȱareȱremovedȱfromȱtheȱchalkboardȱandȱthatȱteamȱ

scoresȱaȱpoint.ȱIfȱtheȱcardsȱdoȱnotȱmakeȱaȱcorrectȱmatch,ȱtheȱnextȱteamȱmayȱtakeȱaȱ

turn.ȱNote:ȱDoȱnotȱallowȱtheȱstudentsȱtoȱhaveȱanythingȱtoȱwriteȱwithȱduringȱtheȱ

game.ȱ

Cardȱ1ȱ

compensatoryȱ

damagesȱ

Cardȱ2ȱ

subpoenaȱ

Cardȱ3ȱ

Aȱmoneyȱ

awardȱthatȱ

punishesȱtheȱ

defendantȱ

Cardȱ4ȱ

Anyȱobjectȱ

presentedȱtoȱ

aȱjuryȱtoȱhelpȱ

proveȱorȱ

disproveȱaȱ

caseȱ

Cardȱ5ȱ

Aȱmonetaryȱ

awardȱgivenȱ

toȱtheȱinjuredȱ

partyȱ

Cardȱ6ȱ

judgmentȱ

Cardȱ7ȱ

Theȱdecisionȱ

ofȱaȱjuryȱ

Cardȱ8ȱ

witnessȱ

Cardȱ9ȱ

Partyȱthatȱ

filesȱtheȱ

complaintȱ

Cardȱ10ȱ

verdictȱ

Cardȱ11ȱ

Aȱpersonȱwithȱ

personalȱ

knowledgeȱofȱ

theȱcaseȱ

Cardȱ12ȱ

Plaintiffȱ

Cardȱ13ȱ

Aȱcommandȱ

forȱaȱwitnessȱ

toȱappearȱinȱ

courtȱ

Cardȱ14ȱ

punitiveȱ

damagesȱ

Cardȱ15ȱ

Anotherȱ

nameȱforȱ

actualȱ

damagesȱ

Cardȱ16ȱ

openingȱ

statementȱ

Cardȱ17ȱ

Theȱfinalȱ

resultȱofȱaȱ

trialȱ

Cardȱ18ȱ

Aȱbriefȱ

outlineȱofȱ

whatȱbothȱ

partiesȱinȱaȱ

caseȱwillȱtryȱ

toȱproveȱ

Cardȱ19ȱ

evidenceȱ

Cardȱ20ȱ

damagesȱ

1-88 Chapter 5 Civil Law and Procedure

STUDENT ________________________________ CLASS __________________________ DATE _________________

ȱLESSONȱ5—3ȱENRICHMENTȱ

Inȱthisȱlessonȱyouȱreadȱaboutȱhowȱtortȱvictimsȱcanȱcollectȱdamages—aȱmonetaryȱ

awardȱbyȱtheȱcourtȱtoȱaȱpersonȱwhoȱhasȱsufferedȱlossȱorȱinjuryȱbecauseȱofȱtheȱactȱorȱ

omissionȱofȱanother.ȱUsingȱinformationȱfoundȱinȱmagazine,ȱnewspaper,ȱorȱInternetȱ

articles,ȱresearchȱaȱfamousȱcivilȱcaseȱwhereȱanȱindividualȱorȱgroupȱofȱindividualsȱ

suedȱaȱmanufacturerȱforȱaȱdefectiveȱproductȱorȱsuedȱaȱcorporationȱorȱpublicȱagencyȱ

responsibleȱforȱsomeȱtypeȱofȱinjury.ȱThenȱanswerȱtheȱquestionsȱbelow.ȱ

1.ȱWasȱtheȱvictimȱorȱgroupȱofȱvictimsȱawardedȱdamages?ȱ

2.ȱIfȱso,ȱwhatȱdidȱtheȱjuryȱbaseȱtheȱawardȱonȱ(i.e.,ȱcostȱofȱlostȱwages,ȱmedicalȱbills,ȱ

pain/suffering)?ȱ

3.ȱWhyȱwasȱtheȱmanufacturer,ȱcorporation,ȱorȱpublicȱagencyȱfoundȱtoȱbeȱatȱfault?ȱ

4.ȱIfȱpossible,ȱfindȱoutȱwhatȱtheȱlawyer’sȱ(orȱlawyers’)ȱcontingencyȱfeeȱwas.ȱ

5.ȱWereȱpunitiveȱdamagesȱawardedȱasȱwell?ȱ

STUDENT ________________________________ CLASS __________________________ DATE _________________

TESTȱ

CHAPTERȱ5ȱ

SECTION I—IDENTIFY LEGAL TERMS

Directions:ȱPlaceȱaȱTȱforȱTrueȱorȱanȱFȱforȱFalseȱinȱtheȱAnswersȱcolumnȱtoȱshowȱ

whetherȱeachȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱstatementsȱisȱtrueȱorȱfalse.ȱ

Answers

ȱȱ1.ȱAȱviolationȱofȱtheȱdutyȱneedȱnotȱbeȱprovedȱbeforeȱtheȱinjuredȱ

partyȱcanȱcollectȱdamages.ȱ

1.ȱ_______ȱ

ȱȱ2.ȱȱ Moneyȱdamagesȱreceivedȱasȱaȱresultȱofȱaȱtortȱisȱintendedȱtoȱ

compensateȱforȱtheȱinjury.ȱ

ȱ2.ȱ_______ȱ

ȱȱ3.ȱȱ Whenȱthereȱisȱaȱjury,ȱtheȱjudgeȱdecidesȱtheȱissuesȱofȱbothȱlawȱandȱ

fact.ȱ

ȱ3.ȱ_______ȱ

ȱȱ4.ȱAnswersȱareȱtypicallyȱfiledȱinȱorderȱtoȱcallȱdefendantsȱtoȱcourt.ȱȱ4.ȱ_______ȱ

ȱȱ5.ȱȱ Allȱtortsȱrequireȱthatȱtheȱdefendantȱintendedȱtoȱinjureȱtheȱ

plaintiff.ȱ

ȱ5.ȱ_______ȱ

ȱȱ6.ȱȱ Mostȱtortȱdutiesȱareȱdefinedȱbyȱstateȱlaw.ȱȱ6.ȱ_______ȱ

ȱȱ7.ȱȱ Aȱcausalȱconnectionȱbetweenȱtheȱdutyȱandȱtheȱbreachȱofȱtheȱdutyȱȱ

isȱcalledȱcausation.ȱ

ȱ7.ȱ_______ȱ

ȱȱ8.ȱȱ Batteryȱandȱnegligenceȱareȱintentionalȱtorts.ȱȱ8.ȱ_______ȱ

ȱȱ9.ȱȱ Contributoryȱnegligenceȱisȱaȱdefenseȱtoȱtheȱtortȱofȱnegligence.ȱȱ9.ȱ_______ȱ

10.ȱPunitiveȱdamagesȱareȱalwaysȱavailableȱwhereȱanȱintentionalȱtortȱȱ

hasȱbeenȱcommitted.ȱ

ȱ10.ȱ_______ȱ

SECTION II—THINK CRITICALLY ABOUT LEGAL CONCEPTS

Directions:ȱInȱtheȱAnswersȱcolumnȱatȱtheȱrightȱofȱeachȱstatement,ȱwriteȱtheȱletterȱthatȱ

representsȱtheȱword,ȱorȱgroupȱofȱwords,ȱthatȱcorrectlyȱcompletesȱtheȱstatement.ȱ

ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱAnswersȱ

againstȱsociety,ȱ(c)ȱbothȱaȱandȱb,ȱ(d)ȱnoneȱofȱtheseȱ

12.ȱ12._______

Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱisȱnotȱanȱelementȱofȱmostȱtorts?ȱ(a)ȱ

causation,ȱ(b)ȱconspiracy,ȱ(c)ȱinjury,ȱ(d)ȱviolationȱofȱaȱdutyȱ

13.ȱWhichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱcompelsȱaȱwitnessȱtoȱappearȱinȱcourtȱandȱ

testify?ȱ(a)ȱtheȱcomplaint,ȱ(b)ȱtheȱsubpoena,ȱ(c)ȱtheȱtort,ȱ(d)ȱtheȱ

13._______

referredȱtoȱasȱ(a)ȱanȱassault,ȱ(b)ȱbattery,ȱ(c)ȱdefamation,ȱ(d)ȱanȱ

invasionȱofȱprivacyȱ

15.ȱAnȱunlawfulȱorȱharmfulȱtouchingȱisȱcalledȱ(a)ȱanȱassault,ȱ(b)ȱ

battery,ȱ(c)ȱdefamation,ȱ(d)ȱanȱinvasionȱofȱprivacyȱ

15._______

16.ȱInȱaȱjuryȱtrial,ȱwhoȱdecidesȱissuesȱofȱfact?ȱ(a)ȱtheȱdefendant,ȱ(b)ȱ

theȱjudgesȱofȱtheȱappellateȱcourt,ȱ(c)ȱtheȱjury,ȱ(d)ȱtheȱtrialȱjudgeȱ

16._______

17.ȱAȱcompleteȱdefenseȱforȱslanderȱandȱlibelȱmustȱshowȱthatȱtheȱ

statementȱisȱ(a)ȱfalse,ȱ(b)ȱinjuriousȱtoȱone’sȱreputation,ȱ(c)ȱtrue,ȱ

(d)ȱnoneȱofȱtheseȱ

17._______

18.ȱAȱconverterȱmayȱbeȱ(a)ȱaȱthief,ȱ(b)ȱtheȱinnocentȱbuyerȱofȱstolenȱ

goods,ȱ(c)ȱbothȱaȱandȱb,ȱ(d)ȱnoneȱofȱtheseȱ

18._______

19.ȱWhichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱisȱnotȱaȱdefenseȱtoȱtheȱtortȱofȱnegligence?ȱ

(a)ȱassumptionȱofȱtheȱrisk,ȱ(b)ȱcontributoryȱnegligence,ȱ(c)ȱ

comparativeȱnegligence,ȱ(d)ȱfraudȱ

19._______

20.ȱ20._______

Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱwouldȱprobablyȱnotȱbeȱconsideredȱstrictȱ

liability?ȱ(a)ȱraisingȱtulips,ȱ(b)ȱraisingȱtigers,ȱ(c)ȱsellingȱdefectiveȱ

carȱseats,ȱ(d)ȱstoringȱseveralȱ100Ȭgallonȱtanksȱofȱpropaneȱgasȱinȱ

yourȱgarageȱ

SECTION III—APPLY LEGAL PRACTICES

21.ȱBeckyȱborrowedȱsomeȱmoviesȱfromȱMauriceȱandȱforgotȱtoȱreturnȱthem.ȱTwoȱ

monthsȱlater,ȱBecky’sȱmomȱcleanedȱhouseȱandȱhadȱaȱyardȱsaleȱandȱsoldȱthoseȱ

movies.ȱDoesȱMauriceȱhaveȱanyȱlegalȱrecourseȱinȱthisȱmatter?ȱIsȱBeckyȱorȱherȱ

momȱconsideredȱtheȱoffender?ȱ

22.ȱCarol,ȱ14ȬyearȬoldȱdaughterȱofȱFrank,ȱletȱherȱfriendȱPat,ȱwhoȱisȱalsoȱ14,ȱdriveȱherȱ

father’sȱcarȱwithoutȱhisȱknowledge.ȱPatȱswervedȱtoȱavoidȱaȱdogȱandȱhitȱanotherȱ

vehicleȱheadȬon,ȱcausingȱthreeȱfatalities.ȱCanȱcriminalȱchargesȱbeȱbroughtȱ

againstȱFrank?ȱAreȱPat’sȱparentsȱliableȱinȱanyȱway?ȱIfȱso,ȱhow?ȱ

23.ȱPhyllisȱwasȱchargedȱwithȱrunningȱaȱredȱlightȱandȱcollidingȱwithȱAdam’sȱvehicle,ȱ

whichȱwasȱinȱtheȱintersection.ȱPhyllisȱarguedȱthatȱtheȱlightȱwasȱgreen,ȱandȱsheȱ

producedȱherȱbestȱfriendȱwhoȱwasȱinȱtheȱcarȱwithȱherȱtoȱtestifyȱonȱherȱbehalf.ȱ

Phyllisȱalsoȱarguedȱthatȱtheȱlawȱshouldȱnotȱfindȱherȱresponsibleȱforȱtheȱaccidentȱ

becauseȱAdamȱhadȱaȱchanceȱtoȱavoidȱtheȱaccident,ȱbutȱfailedȱtoȱslowȱdownȱ

whenȱheȱsawȱherȱinȱtheȱintersection.ȱWhichȱargumentȱwillȱtheȱjudgeȱdecideȱandȱ

whichȱwillȱtheȱjuryȱdecide?ȱȱ

1-92 Chapter 5 Civil Law and Procedure

ANSWERS

Lessonȱ5—1ȱ

Quiz

2.ȱFȱ

3.ȱTȱ

5.ȱFȱ

6.ȱTȱ

8.ȱTȱ

9.ȱFȱ

Practice Activity

1.ȱTheȱdutyȱofȱcareȱregardingȱparentalȱcontrolȱofȱtheȱactionsȱofȱaȱminorȱchildȱ

attachesȱwhenȱaȱparentȱknowsȱorȱshouldȱknowȱthatȱinjuryȱtoȱanotherȱwasȱ

reasonablyȱforeseeable.ȱNeitherȱtheȱtypeȱofȱharmȱinflicted,ȱnorȱtheȱvictim,ȱwereȱ

2.ȱTheȱcourtȱheldȱthatȱKimberly’sȱparentsȱowedȱnoȱdutyȱtoȱanȱunanticipatedȱvisitorȱ

ofȱtheirȱadultȱdaughterȱlivingȱinȱtheirȱhomeȱandȱthatȱsuchȱaȱdutyȱisȱrequiredȱinȱ