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STUDENT ________________________________ CLASS __________________________ DATE _________________
ȱLESSONȱ4—1ȱQUIZȱ
LegalȱConceptsȱ
Directions:ȱPlaceȱaȱTȱforȱTrueȱorȱanȱFȱforȱFalseȱinȱtheȱAnswersȱcolumnȱtoȱshowȱ
whetherȱeachȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱstatementsȱisȱtrueȱorȱfalse.ȱȱ ȱ Answersȱ
LegalȱApplicationȱ
15.ȱJessicaȱGraysonȱisȱaȱsecretaryȱatȱWashingtonȱHighȱSchool.ȱSheȱisȱinȱchargeȱofȱ
orderingȱjanitorialȱsuppliesȱfromȱJoe’sȱCleaningȱCenter.ȱJessicaȱisȱalsoȱ
businessȱmanager’sȱnameȱfromȱJoe’sȱonȱtheȱchecksȱandȱgivesȱthemȱbackȱtoȱ
Jessica.ȱSheȱcashesȱtheȱchecksȱandȱdepositsȱthemȱintoȱherȱownȱsavingsȱaccount.ȱ
Jakeȱmakesȱsureȱtheȱsuppliesȱareȱneverȱdeliveredȱtoȱtheȱschool.ȱAreȱJessicaȱandȱ
Jakeȱbothȱcommittingȱaȱcrime?ȱIfȱso,ȱwhatȱcrime(s)?ȱ
ȱ1.ȱAȱcrimeȱisȱanȱoffenseȱagainstȱanȱindividual.ȱ ȱȱȱȱ1.ȱ_____ȱ
ȱ2.ȱAȱmisdemeanorȱisȱaȱseriousȱcrimeȱthatȱisȱusuallyȱpunishableȱbyȱ
aȱlongȱprisonȱsentenceȱinȱaȱfederalȱprison.ȱ
ȱȱȱȱ2.ȱ_____ȱ
ȱ
ȱ3.ȱBurglaryȱisȱclassifiedȱasȱaȱcrimeȱagainstȱrealty.ȱȱȱȱȱ3.ȱ_____ȱ
ȱ4.ȱȱ Aȱcorporationȱcannotȱbeȱconvictedȱofȱcriminalȱintent.ȱ ȱȱȱȱ4.ȱ_____ȱ
ȱ5.ȱWhiteȬcollarȱcrimesȱareȱoffensesȱcommittedȱinȱtheȱbusinessȱ
world.ȱ
ȱȱȱȱ5.ȱ_____ȱ
ȱ6.ȱAȱhateȱcrimeȱcanȱonlyȱbeȱcommittedȱagainstȱaȱpersonȱofȱanotherȱ
race.ȱ
ȱȱȱȱ6.ȱ_____ȱ
ȱ7.ȱFalseȱpretensesȱisȱaȱtypeȱofȱfraud.ȱȱȱȱȱ7.ȱ_____ȱ
ȱ9.ȱAȱminorȱtrafficȱoffenseȱdoesȱnotȱrequireȱcriminalȱintent.ȱ ȱȱȱȱ9.ȱ_____ȱ
10.ȱCorporateȱofficersȱcanȱbeȱheldȱcriminallyȱresponsibleȱforȱanȱ
employee’sȱcrime.ȱ
ȱȱȱȱ10.ȱ_____ȱ
11.ȱConspiracyȱisȱnotȱconsideredȱaȱseparateȱcrimeȱfromȱtheȱcrimeȱ
theȱpartiesȱplannedȱtoȱcommit.ȱ
ȱȱȱȱ11.ȱ_____ȱ
12.ȱWhichȱcourtȱcanȱoverturnȱdecisionsȱmadeȱbyȱtheȱSupremeȱ
Court?ȱ
ȱȱȱȱ12.ȱ_____ȱ
14.ȱLarcenyȱmayȱbeȱconsideredȱeitherȱaȱfelonyȱorȱaȱmisdemeanor,ȱ
dependingȱonȱtheȱvalueȱofȱtheȱpropertyȱstolen.ȱ
ȱȱȱȱ14.ȱ_____ȱ
STUDENT _______________________________________ CLASS _______________________ DATE _________
ȱLESSONȱ4—1ȱPRACTICEȱACTIVITYȱ
Readȱtheȱfollowingȱcasesȱandȱanswerȱtheȱquestionsȱaboutȱthem.ȱAttachȱaȱpageȱifȱadditionalȱ
spaceȱisȱneededȱforȱanswers.ȱ
ȱ
1.ȱJavonneȱBensonȱwasȱindictedȱforȱfelonyȬmurderȱandȱrobbery.ȱUnderȱtheȱfelonyȬ
murderȱlaw,ȱaȱperpetratorȱofȱcertainȱfeloniesȱcanȱbeȱchargedȱwithȱmurderȱifȱaȱ
personȱisȱkilledȱduringȱtheȱcommissionȱofȱaȱfelonyȱincludedȱinȱtheȱlaw.ȱTheȱ
victimȱwasȱkilledȱaccidentallyȱduringȱaȱrobberyȱcommittedȱbyȱBenson.ȱRobberyȱ
isȱoneȱofȱNewȱYork’sȱfelonyȬmurderȱfelonies.ȱBensonȱclaimsȱthatȱtheȱlawȱwasȱ
unconstitutionalȱbecauseȱtheȱstatuteȱdoesȱnotȱcontainȱanȱelementȱofȱintentȱtoȱkill.ȱ
Isȱit?ȱ[Peopleȱv.ȱBenson,ȱ480ȱN.Y.S.ȱ2dȱ811ȱ(N.Y.ȱApp.ȱDiv.ȱ1984)]ȱ
ȱ
ȱ
ȱ
ȱ
ȱ
2.ȱTerryȱBriggs,ȱaȱ23ȬyearȬoldȱcomputerȱprogrammer,ȱwasȱhiredȱbyȱtheȱ
ScarboroughȱGroup,ȱInc.,ȱanȱinvestmentȱfirm,ȱtoȱprogramȱandȱdesignȱsoftwareȱ
toȱmaintainȱtheȱcompanyȱcomputerȱsystem.ȱAsȱpartȱofȱhisȱjob,ȱheȱplacedȱ
misusingȱtheȱcomputer.ȱTheȱstateȱarguedȱthatȱBriggsȱwasȱguiltyȱofȱunauthorizedȱ
access,ȱbecauseȱalthoughȱBriggsȱwasȱauthorizedȱtoȱaccessȱtheȱcomputerȱsystem,ȱ
heȱwasȱnotȱauthorizedȱtoȱaccessȱtheȱsystemȱinȱsuchȱaȱwayȱasȱtoȱinterruptȱtheȱ
operationȱofȱtheȱcomputerȱservicesȱofȱtheȱsystem.ȱShouldȱBriggsȱbeȱconvicted?ȱ
Chapter 4 Criminal Law and Procedure
1-64
STUDENT ________________________________ CLASS __________________________ DATE _________________
ȱLESSONȱ4—1ȱRETEACHȱ
Directions:ȱWriteȱtheȱcategoryȱnamesȱandȱtheȱavailableȱpointsȱinȱcolumnsȱonȱtheȱ
chalkboard.ȱReadȱtheȱclueȱasȱitsȱrespectiveȱcategoryȱandȱpointȱvalueȱisȱchosen.ȱEraseȱ
eachȱpointȱvalueȱamountȱasȱitȱisȱchosen.ȱStudentsȱshouldȱanswerȱinȱtheȱformȱofȱaȱ
question.ȱForȱexample,ȱtheȱcorrectȱresponseȱtoȱtheȱfirstȱcategoryȱatȱ300ȱwouldȱbeȱ
“Whatȱisȱbribery?”ȱWhenȱaȱstudentȱanswersȱcorrectly,ȱgiveȱthemȱcreditȱforȱtheȱ
numberȱofȱpointsȱandȱletȱthemȱchooseȱtheȱnextȱclue.ȱIfȱaȱstudentȱanswersȱincorrectly,ȱ
theȱpointsȱareȱsubtractedȱfromȱtheirȱscoreȱandȱanotherȱstudentȱmayȱanswer.ȱ
ȱ
BusinessȬRelatedȱCrimesȱCrimeȱClassificationȱElementsȱofȱCrimeȱ
100ȱ100ȱ100ȱ
200ȱ200ȱ200ȱ
Cluesȱtoȱbeȱreadȱtoȱstudents:ȱ
ȱ
BusinessȬRelatedȱCrimesȱ
100—Anotherȱnameȱforȱbusinessȱcrime.ȱȱ(whiteȬcollarȱcrime)ȱ
CrimeȱClassificationȱ
100—Aȱseriousȱcrimeȱthatȱisȱpunishableȱbyȱconfinementȱinȱaȱstateȱprisonȱorȱaȱlargeȱfine.ȱ(felony)ȱ
700—Theȱshortestȱjailȱtermȱforȱcommittingȱaȱfelony.ȱ(1ȱyear)ȱ
ElementsȱofȱCrimeȱ
100—Aȱcrimeȱagainstȱanȱindividualȱbutȱnotȱagainstȱsociety.ȱ(civilȱoffense)ȱ
200—Aȱpunishableȱoffenseȱagainstȱsociety.ȱ(crime)ȱ
Chapter 4 Criminal Law and Procedure 1-65
STUDENT ________________________________ CLASS __________________________ DATE _________________
ȱLESSONȱ4—1ȱENRICHMENTȱ
Youȱlearnedȱinȱthisȱlessonȱthatȱthreeȱelementsȱusuallyȱmustȱbeȱprovedȱatȱaȱtrialȱ
beforeȱanyoneȱcanȱbeȱconvictedȱofȱaȱcrime.ȱResearchȱaȱfamousȱcriminalȱcaseȱorȱreadȱ
aboutȱaȱcurrentȱcriminalȱcaseȱinȱyourȱnewspaper.ȱNoteȱtheȱthreeȱelementsȱasȱ
discussedȱinȱtheȱtext,ȱandȱuseȱtheȱspaceȱprovidedȱtoȱexplainȱhowȱtheȱprosecutorsȱ
establishedȱorȱareȱattemptingȱtoȱestablishȱeachȱelement.ȱ
ȱ
1.ȱAȱdutyȱtoȱdoȱorȱnotȱtoȱdoȱaȱcertainȱthingȱ
ȱ
ȱ
ȱ
ȱ
ȱ
ȱ
ȱ
ȱ
ȱ
ȱ
2.ȱAnȱactȱorȱomissionȱinȱviolationȱofȱthatȱdutyȱ
ȱ
ȱ
ȱ
ȱ
ȱ
ȱ
ȱ
ȱ
ȱ
ȱ
ȱ
3.ȱCriminalȱintentȱ
Chapter 4 Criminal Law and Procedure
1-66
STUDENT ________________________________ CLASS __________________________ DATE _________________
ȱLESSONȱ4—2ȱQUIZȱ
LegalȱConceptsȱ
Directions:ȱFillȱinȱtheȱblank(s)ȱwithȱtheȱmostȱappropriateȱtermȱorȱphraseȱtoȱcompleteȱ
theȱsentence.ȱ
ȱAnswersȱ
ȱȱ
ȱȱ1.ȱPriorȱtoȱaȱsearch,ȱtheȱofficerȱmustȱfirstȱestablishȱ
ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ?ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ.ȱ
ȱȱ1.ȱ__________________ȱ
ȱȱ2.ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ?ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱisȱtheȱuseȱofȱforceȱbyȱaȱvictimȱwhoȱisȱinȱ
fearȱforȱhisȱorȱherȱlife.ȱ
ȱȱ2.ȱ__________________ȱ
ȱȱ3.ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ?ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱdefensesȱareȱbasedȱonȱtheȱabilityȱtoȱȱ ȱ
disprove,ȱjustify,ȱorȱexcuseȱtheȱallegedȱcrime.ȱ
ȱȱ3.ȱ__________________ȱ
ȱȱ4.ȱAȱdefendantȱmayȱescapeȱcriminalȱliabilityȱbyȱȱ ȱ
establishingȱa(n)ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ?ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ.ȱ
ȱȱ4.ȱ__________________ȱ
ȱȱ5.ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ?ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱisȱfreedomȱfromȱprosecutionȱevenȱȱ ȱ
whenȱoneȱhasȱcommittedȱtheȱcrimeȱasȱcharged.ȱ
ȱȱ5.ȱ__________________ȱ
ȱȱ6.ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ?ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱdefensesȱareȱbasedȱonȱproblemsȱȱ ȱȱ
withȱtheȱwayȱevidenceȱisȱobtained.ȱ
ȱȱ6.ȱ__________________ȱ
ȱȱ7.ȱAnȱaccusedȱpersonȱwhoȱdoesȱnotȱknowȱtheȱȱ ȱȱ
differenceȱbetweenȱrightȱandȱwrongȱmayȱclaimȱtoȱ
haveȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ?ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ.ȱ
ȱȱ7.ȱ__________________ȱ
ȱȱ8.ȱAȱwitnessȱwhoȱrefusesȱtoȱtestifyȱafterȱtheȱgrantȱȱ ȱ
ofȱimmunityȱisȱsaidȱtoȱbeȱinȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ?ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ.ȱ
ȱȱ8.ȱ__________________ȱ
ȱ
ȱ9.ȱPierreȱdeliversȱpizzaȱforȱaȱpizzaȱshopȱinȱFrance.ȱHeȱalwaysȱtriesȱtoȱgainȱentranceȱ
toȱtheȱhomesȱofȱhighȬincomeȱcustomers.ȱSometimesȱcustomersȱleaveȱtheȱroomȱtoȱ
stealing.ȱHeȱisȱprovedȱguiltyȱonȱtheȱbasisȱofȱhisȱfriends’ȱtestimonyȱandȱhisȱownȱ
statementsȱonȱtheȱnightȱofȱhisȱarrest.ȱCouldȱthisȱconvictionȱholdȱunderȱFrenchȱ
law?ȱ
10. ȱHowȱwouldȱPierre’sȱcaseȱhaveȱbeenȱhandledȱdifferentlyȱinȱtheȱUnitedȱStates?ȱ
STUDENT ________________________________ CLASS __________________________ DATE _________________
ȱLESSONȱ4—2ȱPRACTICEȱACTIVITYȱ
Readȱtheȱfollowingȱcasesȱandȱanswerȱtheȱquestionsȱaboutȱthem.ȱAttachȱaȱpageȱifȱadditionalȱ
paceȱisȱneededȱforȱanswers.ȱs
1.ȱRobertȱFalco’sȱhomeȱhadȱbeenȱbrokenȱintoȱaȱnumberȱofȱtimes,ȱandȱtheȱbreakȬinsȱ
hadȱbeenȱreportedȱtoȱtheȱpolice.ȱOnȱtheȱdayȱafterȱanotherȱburglaryȱhadȱbeenȱ
attempted,ȱRichardȱBrush,ȱJr.,ȱaȱyouth,ȱenteredȱFalco’sȱhomeȱfromȱaȱsideȱ
gun,ȱitȱwasȱnecessaryȱtoȱenterȱintoȱtheȱhouseȱtheȱwayȱBrushȱdid.ȱFalcoȱwasȱ
chargedȱwithȱmanslaughter.ȱShouldȱheȱbeȱconvicted?ȱ[Falcoȱv.ȱState,ȱ407ȱSo.ȱ2dȱ
ȱ
ȱ
ȱ
2.ȱSomeȱstatesȱallowȱaȱjuvenileȱtoȱmakeȱaȱstatementȱtoȱtheȱpoliceȱwithoutȱtheȱ
presenceȱofȱfamilyȱmembersȱorȱanȱattorney;ȱotherȱstatesȱdoȱnot.ȱCompareȱtheȱ
followingȱtwoȱcases.ȱ
ȱȱInȱtheȱfirstȱcase,ȱMarvinȱSuggs,ȱaȱ17ȬyearȬold,ȱwasȱarrestedȱandȱgivenȱhisȱ
Mirandaȱwarningsȱwhileȱheȱwasȱheldȱfaceȱdownȱonȱtheȱgroundȱwithȱhisȱhandsȱ
cuffedȱbehindȱhisȱback.ȱHeȱwasȱthenȱtransportedȱtoȱtheȱpoliceȱstation,ȱwhereȱheȱ
wasȱexcludedȱfromȱtrial.ȱ[Peopleȱv.ȱBrown,ȱ538ȱN.E.ȱ2dȱ909ȱ(Ill.ȱApp.ȱCtȱ1989)]ȱ
ȱȱShouldȱtheȱcourtsȱhaveȱheldȱasȱtheyȱdid?ȱWhat’sȱtheȱdifferenceȱbetweenȱtheȱ
twoȱcases?ȱ
Chapter 4 Criminal Law and Procedure
1-68
STUDENT ________________________________ CLASS __________________________ DATE _________________
ȱLESSONȱ4—2ȱRETEACHȱ
Directions:ȱȱWriteȱtheȱanswersȱtoȱQuestionsȱ1–10ȱonȱtheȱblanksȱprovided.ȱTheȱanswerȱ
toȱQuestionȱ11ȱshouldȱappearȱinȱtheȱverticalȱboxes.ȱ
ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ11.ȱ
ȱȱ1.ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱ__ȱ__ȱ__ȱ__ȱ__ȱ__ȱ__ȱ__ȱ__ȱȱ
ȱȱ2.ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ__ȱ__ȱ__ȱ__ȱȱȱȱ__ȱȱ ȱ__ȱ__ȱ__ȱ
ȱȱ3.ȱ__ȱ__ȱ__ȱ__ȱ__ȱ__ȱ__ȱ__ȱȱ__ȱ__ȱȱ
ȱȱ4.ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ__ȱ__ȱ__ȱ__ȱ__ȱȱ__ȱ__ȱȱ
ȱȱ5ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ__ȱ__ȱ__ȱ__ȱ__ȱȱ__ȱȱ
ȱȱ6.ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ__ȱ__ȱ__ȱȱ__ȱȱ
ȱȱ7.ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ__ȱ__ȱȱ__ȱ__ȱ__ȱ__ȱ__ȱȱ
ȱȱ8.ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ__ȱ__ȱ__ȱ__ȱȱ__ȱ__ȱ__ȱȱ
ȱȱ9.ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ__ȱ__ȱ__ȱ__ȱ__ȱȱ__ȱ__ȱ__ȱ__ȱ
10.ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ__ȱȱ__ȱ__ȱ__ȱ__ȱȱ__ȱ__ȱ__ȱ__ȱȱ
ȱ
ȱȱ1.ȱA(n)ȱȱ____________ȱȱhearingȱdeterminesȱifȱthereȱisȱsufficientȱcauseȱtoȱholdȱȱȱȱȱ
theȱdefendantȱforȱtrial.ȱ
ȱȱ2.ȱGroupȱofȱcitizensȱelectedȱtoȱhearȱevidenceȱinȱsecret.ȱ
ȱȱ3.ȱAȱtypeȱofȱdefenseȱwhereȱtheȱuseȱofȱforceȱappearsȱtoȱbeȱnecessaryȱtoȱpreventȱ
harmȱorȱdeathȱtoȱtheȱvictim.ȱ
ȱȱ4.ȱAnȱaccusedȱpersonȱwhoȱdoesȱnotȱknowȱtheȱdifferenceȱbetweenȱrightȱandȱwrongȱ
canȱclaimȱcriminal.ȱ
ȱȱ5.ȱAnȱargumentȱmadeȱbyȱaȱdefendantȱtoȱescapeȱcriminalȱliability.ȱ
ȱȱ6.ȱAȱpersonȱhasȱaȱconstitutionalȱ____________ȱtoȱdueȱprocess.ȱ
ȱȱ7.ȱAȱgrantȱofȱfreedomȱfromȱprosecution.ȱ
ȱȱ8.ȱAȱwitnessȱwhoȱrefusesȱtoȱtestifyȱafterȱbeingȱgrantedȱimmunityȱisȱinȱ
____________ȱofȱcourt.ȱ
ȱȱ9.ȱAnȱaccusedȱcriminalȱmustȱbeȱprovenȱguiltyȱbeyondȱaȱ____________ȱȱȱȱȱ
doubt.ȱ
10.ȱWrittenȱaccusationȱdeclaringȱthereȱisȱsufficientȱevidenceȱtoȱtryȱaȱspecificȱ
individualȱforȱaȱspecificȱcrime.ȱ
11.ȱAȱpenaltyȱimposedȱbyȱaȱcourt.ȱ
Chapter 4 Criminal Law and Procedure 1-69
STUDENT ________________________________ CLASS __________________________ DATE _________________
ȱLESSONȱ4—2ȱENRICHMENTȱ
Thisȱlessonȱdiscussedȱtwoȱmainȱdefensesȱtoȱcriminalȱcharges:ȱproceduralȱdefensesȱ
andȱsubstantiveȱdefenses.ȱProceduralȱdefensesȱareȱbasedȱonȱproblemsȱwithȱtheȱwayȱ
evidenceȱwasȱobtainedȱorȱtheȱwayȱtheȱaccusedȱpersonȱwasȱarrested,ȱquestioned,ȱ
tried,ȱorȱpunished.ȱSubstantiveȱdefensesȱdisprove,ȱjustify,ȱorȱexcuseȱtheȱallegedȱ
crime.ȱMostȱsubstantiveȱdefensesȱdiscreditȱtheȱfactsȱthatȱtheȱstateȱtriedȱtoȱestablish,ȱ
butȱtheȱtextȱalsoȱlistsȱselfȬdefense,ȱcriminalȱinsanity,ȱandȱimmunityȱasȱotherȱ
examplesȱofȱsubstantiveȱdefenses.ȱFindȱexamplesȱofȱcriminalȱcasesȱwhereȱeachȱofȱ
theseȱthreeȱspecificȱsubstantiveȱdefensesȱwasȱargued.ȱUseȱtheȱspaceȱprovidedȱtoȱ
brieflyȱdescribeȱtheȱcase,ȱandȱindicateȱwhetherȱtheȱdefenseȱwasȱsuccessful.ȱ
ȱ
1.ȱSelfȬdefenseȱ
ȱ
ȱ
ȱ
ȱ
ȱ
ȱ
ȱ
ȱ
ȱ
2.ȱCriminalȱinsanityȱ
ȱ
ȱ
ȱ
ȱ
ȱ
ȱ
ȱ
ȱ
ȱ
3.ȱImmunityȱ
ȱ
Chapter 4 Criminal Law and Procedure
1-70
STUDENT ________________________________ CLASS __________________________ DATE _________________
ȱ
TESTȱ
CHAPTERȱ4ȱ
SECTION I—IDENTIFY LEGAL TERMS
Directions:ȱPlaceȱaȱTȱforȱTrueȱorȱanȱFȱforȱFalseȱinȱtheȱAnswersȱcolumnȱtoȱshowȱ
hetherȱeachȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱstatementsȱisȱtrueȱorȱfalse.ȱw
Answers
ȱ
Theȱthreeȱelementsȱofȱmostȱcrimesȱareȱtheȱduty,ȱtheȱbreachȱofȱtheȱ
duty,ȱandȱcriminalȱintent.ȱ
ȱȱ1.ȱȱȱ1.ȱ_____ȱ
ȱȱ2.ȱGenerally,ȱallȱtheȱjurorsȱmustȱvoteȱforȱconvictionȱbeforeȱaȱpersonȱ
canȱbeȱconvictedȱofȱaȱcrime.ȱ
ȱȱ2.ȱ_____ȱ
ȱȱ3.ȱTheȱexistenceȱofȱaȱdutyȱinȱcriminalȱlawȱisȱusuallyȱprovedȱinȱcourtȱ
byȱtheȱtestimonyȱofȱanȱexpertȱwitness.ȱ
ȱȱ3.ȱ_____ȱ
ȱȱ4.ȱTheȱprosecutionȱandȱtheȱdefenseȱmayȱissueȱaȱsubpoena.ȱȱȱ4.ȱ_____ȱ
ȱȱ5.ȱAȱpersonȱreleasedȱonȱhisȱorȱherȱownȱrecognizanceȱmustȱpostȱaȱ
bond.ȱ
ȱȱ5.ȱ_____ȱ
ȱȱ6.ȱItȱisȱnotȱaȱcrimeȱtoȱbuyȱpropertyȱthatȱyouȱknowȱhasȱbeenȱstolen.ȱȱȱ6.ȱ_____ȱ
ȱȱ7.ȱAȱMirandaȱwarningȱmustȱbeȱissuedȱforȱmostȱconfessionsȱtoȱbeȱ
valid.ȱ
ȱȱ7.ȱ_____ȱ
ȱȱ8.ȱAȱgrantȱofȱimmunityȱcanȱeliminateȱaȱperson’sȱrightȱtoȱrefuseȱtoȱ
testifyȱonȱtheȱgroundsȱofȱselfȬincriminationȱ
ȱȱ8.ȱ_____ȱ
ȱȱ9.ȱȱ Whatȱisȱaȱcrimeȱforȱanȱadultȱisȱjuvenileȱdelinquencyȱforȱaȱminor.ȱȱȱ9.ȱȱ_____ȱ
10.ȱAnȱexpertȱwitnessȱperformsȱtheȱcrossȱexamination.ȱ10.ȱ_____ȱ
SECTION II—THINK CRITICALLY ABOUT LEGAL CONCEPTS
Directions:ȱInȱtheȱAnswersȱcolumnȱatȱtheȱrightȱofȱeachȱstatement,ȱwriteȱtheȱletterȱthatȱ
representsȱtheȱword,ȱorȱgroupȱofȱwords,ȱthatȱcorrectlyȱcompletesȱtheȱstatement.ȱ
ȱ
Answers
11.ȱWhatȱisȱtheȱstandardȱofȱproofȱinȱaȱcriminalȱcase?ȱ(a)ȱproofȱbyȱ
clearȱandȱconvincingȱevidence,ȱ(b)ȱproofȱbyȱaȱpreponderanceȱofȱ
theȱevidence,ȱ(c)ȱproofȱbeyondȱaȱreasonableȱdoubt,ȱ(d)ȱnoneȱofȱ
theseȱ
11.ȱ_____ȱ
Chapter 4 Criminal Law and Procedure 1-71
SECTIONȱIIȱ(Concluded)ȱ
ȱ
ȱ
Answersȱ
12.ȱWhatȱisȱtheȱageȱinȱwhichȱoneȱisȱconsideredȱcapableȱofȱcriminalȱ
intentȱbyȱtheȱstatutesȱinȱmostȱstates?ȱȱ(a),ȱ7ȱ(b)ȱ14,ȱ(c)ȱ18,ȱ(d)ȱ21ȱȱ
12.ȱ_____ȱ
13.ȱWhyȱwouldȱaȱdefendantȱacceptȱaȱpleaȱbargain?ȱ(a)ȱtoȱavoidȱtheȱ
riskȱofȱbeingȱconvictedȱofȱaȱmoreȱseriousȱoffense,ȱ(b)ȱtoȱconfrontȱ
theȱaccuserȱatȱtheȱtrial,ȱ(c)ȱtoȱsaveȱtheȱcourtȱtimeȱandȱmoney,ȱ(d)ȱ
toȱwinȱfavorȱwithȱaȱjudgeȱ
13.ȱ_____ȱ
14.ȱCriminalȱintentȱgenerallyȱmeansȱthatȱtheȱdefendantȱ(a)ȱintendedȱ
toȱdoȱevil,ȱ(b)ȱintendedȱtoȱcommitȱtheȱact,ȱ(c)ȱbothȱaȱandȱb,ȱ(d)ȱ
noneȱofȱtheseȱ
14.ȱ_____ȱ
15.ȱVicariousȱcriminalȱliabilityȱrefersȱtoȱ(a)ȱaccomplices,ȱ(b)ȱburglary,ȱ
(c)ȱchildren,ȱ(d)ȱcorporationsȱ
15.ȱ_____ȱ
16.ȱWhichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱisȱnotȱaȱconstitutionalȱrightȱofȱanȱaccused?ȱ
(a)ȱtheȱrightȱtoȱbeȱrepresentedȱbyȱaȱlawyer,ȱ(b)ȱtheȱrightȱtoȱbeȱ
subjectȱtoȱarrestȱonlyȱwhenȱthereȱisȱprobableȱcause,ȱ(c)ȱtheȱrightȱ
toȱreuseȱtoȱtestifyȱagainstȱoneself,ȱ(d)ȱtheȱrightȱtoȱaȱprivateȱcellȱ
whenȱinȱjailȱ
16.ȱ_____ȱ
17.ȱWhatȱcanȱtheȱgovernmentȱdoȱtoȱcompelȱaȱwitnessȱtoȱtestifyȱafterȱ
sheȱorȱheȱhasȱassertedȱtheȱrightȱagainstȱselfȬincrimination?ȱ(a)ȱ
arrestȱtheȱwitness,ȱ(b)ȱaskȱtheȱjudgeȱtoȱholdȱtheȱwitnessȱinȱ
contempt,ȱ(c)ȱgrantȱimmunity,ȱ(d)ȱpleaȱbargainȱ
17.ȱ_____ȱ
18.ȱWhichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱwouldȱnotȱcreateȱaȱproceduralȱdefense?ȱ
(a)ȱtheȱdenialȱofȱtheȱrightȱtoȱcrossȬexamineȱwitnesses,ȱ(b)ȱtheȱ
establishmentȱofȱanȱalibi,ȱ(c)ȱfailureȱtoȱprovideȱtheȱdefendantȱ
withȱaȱlawyerȱduringȱaȱcriminalȱtrial,ȱ(d)ȱtheȱuseȱofȱforceȱtoȱcoerceȱ
aȱconfessionȱ
18.ȱ_____ȱ
19.ȱWhiteȬcollarȱcrimesȱ(a)ȱdoȱnotȱcauseȱinjuryȱtoȱpeople,ȱ(b)ȱinvolveȱ
forceȱorȱviolence,ȱ(c)ȱcauseȱphysicalȱdamageȱtoȱproperty,ȱ(c)ȱnoneȱ
ofȱtheseȱ
19.ȱ_____ȱ
20.ȱWhichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱisȱtheȱbestȱdefinitionȱofȱcontemptȱofȱ
court?ȱ(a)ȱactionsȱthatȱinterfereȱwithȱtheȱadministrationȱofȱjustice,ȱ
(b)ȱfailureȱtoȱfileȱanȱappealȱonȱtime,ȱ(c)ȱwordsȱthatȱexpressȱ
disrespectȱforȱwitnesses,ȱ(d)ȱwillfulȱdisregardȱofȱtheȱinstructionȱofȱ
one’sȱlawyerȱ
20.ȱ_____ȱ
21.ȱȱ Shortlyȱafterȱhisȱorȱherȱarrest,ȱtheȱdefendantȱisȱbroughtȱbeforeȱtheȱ
courtȱinȱaȱproceedingȱcalledȱa(n)ȱ(a)ȱindictment,ȱ(b)ȱvoirȱdire,ȱ(c)ȱ
arraignment,ȱ(d)ȱpreliminaryȱhearingȱ
21.ȱ_____ȱ
Chapter 4 Criminal Law and Procedure
1-72
SECTION III—APPLY LEGAL PRACTICES
ȱȱ22.ȱJimȱAtkinsȱisȱaccusedȱofȱsettingȱtheȱfireȱthatȱburnedȱhisȱexȬwife’sȱmobileȱhome.ȱJim’sȱ
son,ȱwhoȱwillȱstillȱbeȱconsideredȱaȱminorȱforȱanotherȱtenȱmonths,ȱlivesȱwithȱhisȱdad.ȱ
Afterȱtheȱfirstȱdayȱofȱtrial,ȱJimȱconvincesȱhisȱsonȱtoȱconfessȱtoȱsettingȱtheȱfireȱbecauseȱ
atȱtheȱendȱofȱtenȱmonths,ȱthatȱjuvenileȱrecordȱwouldȱbeȱdiscarded.ȱIsȱthisȱaȱgoodȱ
defenseȱforȱJim?ȱIfȱtheȱmatterȱendsȱupȱinȱjuvenileȱcourtȱwithȱhisȱson,ȱcouldȱanyȱofȱthisȱ
informationȱbeȱusedȱagainstȱJimȱshouldȱheȱbeȱinvolvedȱinȱanotherȱarsonȱyearsȱlater?ȱ
ȱ
ȱ
ȱȱ23.ȱOnȱSaturdayȱafterȱtheȱannualȱduesȱmeetingȱofȱtheȱGrange,ȱtheȱtreasurerȱstoppedȱatȱaȱ
foodȱmartȱforȱgasolineȱandȱsomeȱgroceries.ȱBeingȱlowȱonȱcash,ȱheȱusedȱtheȱcollectedȱ
moneyȱtoȱpayȱhisȱbillȱandȱreplacedȱitȱonȱMondayȱwhenȱheȱreceivedȱhisȱpaycheck.ȱ
Hasȱaȱcrimeȱbeenȱcommitted?ȱ
ȱ
ANSWERS
Lessonȱ4—1ȱ
Quiz
5.ȱTȱ
10.ȱTȱ
ȱ
15.ȱJessicaȱisȱcommittingȱembezzlementȱandȱpossiblyȱextortionȱbyȱusingȱherȱpowerȱtoȱ
Practice Activity
1.ȱNo,ȱBensonȱisȱnotȱcorrectȱaboutȱfelonyȬmurderȱbeingȱunconstitutional.ȱTheȱlawȱ
presumesȱtheȱnecessaryȱintentȱfromȱtheȱperpetratorȱcommittingȱtheȱunderlyingȱ
shouldȱonlyȱbeȱresponsibleȱforȱhisȱorȱherȱintent,ȱandȱfelonyȬmurderȱhasȱnoȱintent.ȱȱ
ȱȱAccordingȱtoȱtheȱcourts,ȱtheȱpurposeȱofȱtheȱfelonyȬmurderȱlawȱisȱtoȱdeterȱfelonsȱ
eachȱpersonȱcausingȱanȱunlawfulȱkillingȱtoȱdetermineȱwhetherȱtheȱkillingȱwasȱwithȱ
orȱwithoutȱmalice,ȱdeliberateȱorȱaccidental,ȱandȱcalibratingȱtreatmentȱofȱtheȱpersonȱ
implicationȱofȱlawȱtransferredȱfromȱsuchȱoffenseȱtoȱtheȱhomicideȱwhichȱwasȱactuallyȱ
committed,ȱsoȱasȱtoȱmakeȱtheȱlatterȱoffenseȱaȱkillingȱwithȱmaliceȱaforethought.ȱInȱ
2.ȱNo,ȱBriggsȱshouldȱnotȱbeȱconvicted.ȱTheȱlegislativeȱhistoryȱofȱtheȱstatuteȱindicatesȱ
thatȱtheȱstatuteȱwasȱcreatedȱtoȱprohibitȱtheȱperpetrationȱofȱcomputerȱcrimesȱthroughȱ
Chapter 4 Criminal Law and Procedure
1-74
Reteach
Theȱteacherȱwillȱhaveȱtoȱdetermineȱwhetherȱtheȱstudentsȱareȱansweringȱcorrectlyȱinȱtheȱ
game.ȱ
Enrichment Activity
Lessonȱ4—2ȱ
Quiz
1.ȱprobableȱcauseȱ
5.ȱimmunityȱ
ȱȱȱ
9.ȱYes.ȱPierreȱcouldȱbeȱconvictedȱbecauseȱtestimonyȱcanȱbeȱbasedȱonȱhearsayȱandȱ
10.ȱPierreȱwouldȱhaveȱbeenȱgivenȱtheȱrightȱtoȱremainȱsilentȱuponȱhisȱarrest.ȱTheȱ
Practice Activity
1.ȱYes,ȱFalcoȱshouldȱhaveȱbeenȱconvictedȱofȱmanslaughter.ȱTheȱdefendantȱarguedȱthatȱ
theȱlawȱwasȱanȱunconstitutionalȱdenialȱofȱequalȱprotectionȱofȱtheȱlawȱinȱthatȱitȱ
permittedȱaȱjustifiableȱuseȱofȱdeadlyȱforceȱtoȱprotectȱaȱperson,ȱbutȱnotȱproperty.ȱTheȱ
isȱused,ȱaȱfelonyȱwouldȱbeȱcommitted.ȱHowever,ȱthisȱrightȱdoesȱnotȱextendȱtoȱtheȱuseȱ
ofȱdeadlyȱforceȱinȱdefenseȱofȱrealȱorȱpersonalȱproperty.ȱTheȱuseȱofȱaȱdeadlyȱ
statuteȱisȱconstitutionalȱasȱappliedȱandȱdoesȱnotȱdenyȱtheȱdefendantȱtheȱequalȱ
protectionȱofȱtheȱlaw.ȱ
Chapter 4 Criminal Law and Procedure 1-75
2.ȱThereȱareȱsomeȱsignificantȱdifferencesȱbetweenȱtheȱtwo.ȱTheȱcourtȱsaidȱthatȱwhileȱaȱ
juvenileȱdoesȱnotȱhaveȱaȱperȱseȱrightȱtoȱconsultȱwithȱhisȱorȱherȱparentsȱbeforeȱ
before,ȱandȱtoȱbeȱpresentȱduring,ȱanyȱquestioning.ȱTheȱvalidityȱofȱaȱjuvenile’sȱwaiverȱ
ofȱhisȱorȱherȱrightsȱshouldȱbeȱevaluatedȱinȱlightȱofȱtheȱfullȱcircumstancesȱsurroundingȱ
theȱwaiver.ȱWhereȱneitherȱlegalȱcounselȱnorȱtheȱparentsȱareȱpresentȱduringȱ
interrogation,ȱtheȱgreatestȱcareȱmustȱbeȱtakenȱbyȱtheȱtrialȱcourtȱtoȱassureȱthatȱtheȱ
statementȱofȱtheȱjuvenileȱisȱvoluntary,ȱinȱtheȱsenseȱnotȱonlyȱthatȱitȱwasȱnotȱcoercedȱorȱ
lookingȱforȱhim,ȱbutȱsheȱwasȱnotȱtoldȱwhereȱheȱwas,ȱBrownȱwasȱnotȱtoldȱsheȱwasȱ
there,ȱandȱtheȱpoliceȱcontinuedȱtoȱquestionȱBrownȱwithoutȱgivingȱhimȱMirandaȱ
warningsȱorȱhavingȱhimȱsignȱaȱwaiverȱofȱthem.ȱInȱSuggs,ȱthisȱwasȱnotȱso,ȱandȱthereȱ
Reteach
6.ȱȱrightȱ
Enrichment Activity
ȱ
ȱ
Chapter 4 Criminal Law and Procedure
1-76
ANSWERS TO TEST QUESTIONS
SECTION I
1.ȱTȱ
SECTION II
11.ȱȱcȱ
SECTION III
Chapter 4 Criminal Law and Procedure 1-77
