978-0538496902 Chapter 4

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STUDENT ________________________________ CLASS __________________________ DATE _________________

ȱLESSONȱ4—1ȱQUIZȱ

LegalȱConceptsȱ

Directions:ȱPlaceȱaȱTȱforȱTrueȱorȱanȱFȱforȱFalseȱinȱtheȱAnswersȱcolumnȱtoȱshowȱ

whetherȱeachȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱstatementsȱisȱtrueȱorȱfalse.ȱȱ ȱ Answersȱ

LegalȱApplicationȱ

15.ȱJessicaȱGraysonȱisȱaȱsecretaryȱatȱWashingtonȱHighȱSchool.ȱSheȱisȱinȱchargeȱofȱ

orderingȱjanitorialȱsuppliesȱfromȱJoe’sȱCleaningȱCenter.ȱJessicaȱisȱalsoȱ

businessȱmanager’sȱnameȱfromȱJoe’sȱonȱtheȱchecksȱandȱgivesȱthemȱbackȱtoȱ

Jessica.ȱSheȱcashesȱtheȱchecksȱandȱdepositsȱthemȱintoȱherȱownȱsavingsȱaccount.ȱ

Jakeȱmakesȱsureȱtheȱsuppliesȱareȱneverȱdeliveredȱtoȱtheȱschool.ȱAreȱJessicaȱandȱ

Jakeȱbothȱcommittingȱaȱcrime?ȱIfȱso,ȱwhatȱcrime(s)?ȱ

ȱ1.ȱAȱcrimeȱisȱanȱoffenseȱagainstȱanȱindividual.ȱ ȱȱȱȱ1.ȱ_____ȱ

ȱ2.ȱAȱmisdemeanorȱisȱaȱseriousȱcrimeȱthatȱisȱusuallyȱpunishableȱbyȱ

aȱlongȱprisonȱsentenceȱinȱaȱfederalȱprison.ȱ

ȱȱȱȱ2.ȱ_____ȱ

ȱ3.ȱBurglaryȱisȱclassifiedȱasȱaȱcrimeȱagainstȱrealty.ȱȱȱȱȱ3.ȱ_____ȱ

ȱ4.ȱȱ Aȱcorporationȱcannotȱbeȱconvictedȱofȱcriminalȱintent.ȱ ȱȱȱȱ4.ȱ_____ȱ

ȱ5.ȱWhiteȬcollarȱcrimesȱareȱoffensesȱcommittedȱinȱtheȱbusinessȱ

world.ȱ

ȱȱȱȱ5.ȱ_____ȱ

ȱ6.ȱAȱhateȱcrimeȱcanȱonlyȱbeȱcommittedȱagainstȱaȱpersonȱofȱanotherȱ

race.ȱ

ȱȱȱȱ6.ȱ_____ȱ

ȱ7.ȱFalseȱpretensesȱisȱaȱtypeȱofȱfraud.ȱȱȱȱȱ7.ȱ_____ȱ

ȱ9.ȱAȱminorȱtrafficȱoffenseȱdoesȱnotȱrequireȱcriminalȱintent.ȱ ȱȱȱȱ9.ȱ_____ȱ

10.ȱCorporateȱofficersȱcanȱbeȱheldȱcriminallyȱresponsibleȱforȱanȱ

employee’sȱcrime.ȱ

ȱȱȱȱ10.ȱ_____ȱ

11.ȱConspiracyȱisȱnotȱconsideredȱaȱseparateȱcrimeȱfromȱtheȱcrimeȱ

theȱpartiesȱplannedȱtoȱcommit.ȱ

ȱȱȱȱ11.ȱ_____ȱ

12.ȱWhichȱcourtȱcanȱoverturnȱdecisionsȱmadeȱbyȱtheȱSupremeȱ

Court?ȱ

ȱȱȱȱ12.ȱ_____ȱ

14.ȱLarcenyȱmayȱbeȱconsideredȱeitherȱaȱfelonyȱorȱaȱmisdemeanor,ȱ

dependingȱonȱtheȱvalueȱofȱtheȱpropertyȱstolen.ȱ

ȱȱȱȱ14.ȱ_____ȱ

STUDENT _______________________________________ CLASS _______________________ DATE _________

ȱLESSONȱ4—1ȱPRACTICEȱACTIVITYȱ

Readȱtheȱfollowingȱcasesȱandȱanswerȱtheȱquestionsȱaboutȱthem.ȱAttachȱaȱpageȱifȱadditionalȱ

spaceȱisȱneededȱforȱanswers.ȱ

1.ȱJavonneȱBensonȱwasȱindictedȱforȱfelonyȬmurderȱandȱrobbery.ȱUnderȱtheȱfelonyȬ

murderȱlaw,ȱaȱperpetratorȱofȱcertainȱfeloniesȱcanȱbeȱchargedȱwithȱmurderȱifȱaȱ

personȱisȱkilledȱduringȱtheȱcommissionȱofȱaȱfelonyȱincludedȱinȱtheȱlaw.ȱTheȱ

victimȱwasȱkilledȱaccidentallyȱduringȱaȱrobberyȱcommittedȱbyȱBenson.ȱRobberyȱ

isȱoneȱofȱNewȱYork’sȱfelonyȬmurderȱfelonies.ȱBensonȱclaimsȱthatȱtheȱlawȱwasȱ

unconstitutionalȱbecauseȱtheȱstatuteȱdoesȱnotȱcontainȱanȱelementȱofȱintentȱtoȱkill.ȱ

Isȱit?ȱ[Peopleȱv.ȱBenson,ȱ480ȱN.Y.S.ȱ2dȱ811ȱ(N.Y.ȱApp.ȱDiv.ȱ1984)]ȱ

2.ȱTerryȱBriggs,ȱaȱ23ȬyearȬoldȱcomputerȱprogrammer,ȱwasȱhiredȱbyȱtheȱ

ScarboroughȱGroup,ȱInc.,ȱanȱinvestmentȱfirm,ȱtoȱprogramȱandȱdesignȱsoftwareȱ

toȱmaintainȱtheȱcompanyȱcomputerȱsystem.ȱAsȱpartȱofȱhisȱjob,ȱheȱplacedȱ

misusingȱtheȱcomputer.ȱTheȱstateȱarguedȱthatȱBriggsȱwasȱguiltyȱofȱunauthorizedȱ

access,ȱbecauseȱalthoughȱBriggsȱwasȱauthorizedȱtoȱaccessȱtheȱcomputerȱsystem,ȱ

heȱwasȱnotȱauthorizedȱtoȱaccessȱtheȱsystemȱinȱsuchȱaȱwayȱasȱtoȱinterruptȱtheȱ

operationȱofȱtheȱcomputerȱservicesȱofȱtheȱsystem.ȱShouldȱBriggsȱbeȱconvicted?ȱ

Chapter 4 Criminal Law and Procedure

1-64

STUDENT ________________________________ CLASS __________________________ DATE _________________

ȱLESSONȱ4—1ȱRETEACHȱ

Directions:ȱWriteȱtheȱcategoryȱnamesȱandȱtheȱavailableȱpointsȱinȱcolumnsȱonȱtheȱ

chalkboard.ȱReadȱtheȱclueȱasȱitsȱrespectiveȱcategoryȱandȱpointȱvalueȱisȱchosen.ȱEraseȱ

eachȱpointȱvalueȱamountȱasȱitȱisȱchosen.ȱStudentsȱshouldȱanswerȱinȱtheȱformȱofȱaȱ

question.ȱForȱexample,ȱtheȱcorrectȱresponseȱtoȱtheȱfirstȱcategoryȱatȱ300ȱwouldȱbeȱ

“Whatȱisȱbribery?”ȱWhenȱaȱstudentȱanswersȱcorrectly,ȱgiveȱthemȱcreditȱforȱtheȱ

numberȱofȱpointsȱandȱletȱthemȱchooseȱtheȱnextȱclue.ȱIfȱaȱstudentȱanswersȱincorrectly,ȱ

theȱpointsȱareȱsubtractedȱfromȱtheirȱscoreȱandȱanotherȱstudentȱmayȱanswer.ȱ

BusinessȬRelatedȱCrimesȱCrimeȱClassificationȱElementsȱofȱCrimeȱ

100ȱ100ȱ100ȱ

200ȱ200ȱ200ȱ

Cluesȱtoȱbeȱreadȱtoȱstudents:ȱ

BusinessȬRelatedȱCrimesȱ

100—Anotherȱnameȱforȱbusinessȱcrime.ȱȱ(whiteȬcollarȱcrime)ȱ

CrimeȱClassificationȱ

100—Aȱseriousȱcrimeȱthatȱisȱpunishableȱbyȱconfinementȱinȱaȱstateȱprisonȱorȱaȱlargeȱfine.ȱ(felony)ȱ

700—Theȱshortestȱjailȱtermȱforȱcommittingȱaȱfelony.ȱ(1ȱyear)ȱ

ElementsȱofȱCrimeȱ

100—Aȱcrimeȱagainstȱanȱindividualȱbutȱnotȱagainstȱsociety.ȱ(civilȱoffense)ȱ

200—Aȱpunishableȱoffenseȱagainstȱsociety.ȱ(crime)ȱ

Chapter 4 Criminal Law and Procedure 1-65

STUDENT ________________________________ CLASS __________________________ DATE _________________

ȱLESSONȱ4—1ȱENRICHMENTȱ

Youȱlearnedȱinȱthisȱlessonȱthatȱthreeȱelementsȱusuallyȱmustȱbeȱprovedȱatȱaȱtrialȱ

beforeȱanyoneȱcanȱbeȱconvictedȱofȱaȱcrime.ȱResearchȱaȱfamousȱcriminalȱcaseȱorȱreadȱ

aboutȱaȱcurrentȱcriminalȱcaseȱinȱyourȱnewspaper.ȱNoteȱtheȱthreeȱelementsȱasȱ

discussedȱinȱtheȱtext,ȱandȱuseȱtheȱspaceȱprovidedȱtoȱexplainȱhowȱtheȱprosecutorsȱ

establishedȱorȱareȱattemptingȱtoȱestablishȱeachȱelement.ȱ

1.ȱAȱdutyȱtoȱdoȱorȱnotȱtoȱdoȱaȱcertainȱthingȱ

2.ȱAnȱactȱorȱomissionȱinȱviolationȱofȱthatȱdutyȱ

3.ȱCriminalȱintentȱ

Chapter 4 Criminal Law and Procedure

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STUDENT ________________________________ CLASS __________________________ DATE _________________

ȱLESSONȱ4—2ȱQUIZȱ

LegalȱConceptsȱ

Directions:ȱFillȱinȱtheȱblank(s)ȱwithȱtheȱmostȱappropriateȱtermȱorȱphraseȱtoȱcompleteȱ

theȱsentence.ȱ

ȱAnswersȱ

ȱȱ

ȱȱ1.ȱPriorȱtoȱaȱsearch,ȱtheȱofficerȱmustȱfirstȱestablishȱ

ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ?ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ.ȱ

ȱȱ1.ȱ__________________ȱ

ȱȱ2.ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ?ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱisȱtheȱuseȱofȱforceȱbyȱaȱvictimȱwhoȱisȱinȱ

fearȱforȱhisȱorȱherȱlife.ȱ

ȱȱ2.ȱ__________________ȱ

ȱȱ3.ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ?ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱdefensesȱareȱbasedȱonȱtheȱabilityȱtoȱȱ ȱ

disprove,ȱjustify,ȱorȱexcuseȱtheȱallegedȱcrime.ȱ

ȱȱ3.ȱ__________________ȱ

ȱȱ4.ȱAȱdefendantȱmayȱescapeȱcriminalȱliabilityȱbyȱȱ ȱ

establishingȱa(n)ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ?ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ.ȱ

ȱȱ4.ȱ__________________ȱ

ȱȱ5.ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ?ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱisȱfreedomȱfromȱprosecutionȱevenȱȱ ȱ

whenȱoneȱhasȱcommittedȱtheȱcrimeȱasȱcharged.ȱ

ȱȱ5.ȱ__________________ȱ

ȱȱ6.ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ?ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱdefensesȱareȱbasedȱonȱproblemsȱȱ ȱȱ

withȱtheȱwayȱevidenceȱisȱobtained.ȱ

ȱȱ6.ȱ__________________ȱ

ȱȱ7.ȱAnȱaccusedȱpersonȱwhoȱdoesȱnotȱknowȱtheȱȱ ȱȱ

differenceȱbetweenȱrightȱandȱwrongȱmayȱclaimȱtoȱ

haveȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ?ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ.ȱ

ȱȱ7.ȱ__________________ȱ

ȱȱ8.ȱAȱwitnessȱwhoȱrefusesȱtoȱtestifyȱafterȱtheȱgrantȱȱ ȱ

ofȱimmunityȱisȱsaidȱtoȱbeȱinȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ?ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ.ȱ

ȱȱ8.ȱ__________________ȱ

ȱ9.ȱPierreȱdeliversȱpizzaȱforȱaȱpizzaȱshopȱinȱFrance.ȱHeȱalwaysȱtriesȱtoȱgainȱentranceȱ

toȱtheȱhomesȱofȱhighȬincomeȱcustomers.ȱSometimesȱcustomersȱleaveȱtheȱroomȱtoȱ

stealing.ȱHeȱisȱprovedȱguiltyȱonȱtheȱbasisȱofȱhisȱfriends’ȱtestimonyȱandȱhisȱownȱ

statementsȱonȱtheȱnightȱofȱhisȱarrest.ȱCouldȱthisȱconvictionȱholdȱunderȱFrenchȱ

law?ȱ

10. ȱHowȱwouldȱPierre’sȱcaseȱhaveȱbeenȱhandledȱdifferentlyȱinȱtheȱUnitedȱStates?ȱ

STUDENT ________________________________ CLASS __________________________ DATE _________________

ȱLESSONȱ4—2ȱPRACTICEȱACTIVITYȱ

Readȱtheȱfollowingȱcasesȱandȱanswerȱtheȱquestionsȱaboutȱthem.ȱAttachȱaȱpageȱifȱadditionalȱ

paceȱisȱneededȱforȱanswers.ȱs

1.ȱRobertȱFalco’sȱhomeȱhadȱbeenȱbrokenȱintoȱaȱnumberȱofȱtimes,ȱandȱtheȱbreakȬinsȱ

hadȱbeenȱreportedȱtoȱtheȱpolice.ȱOnȱtheȱdayȱafterȱanotherȱburglaryȱhadȱbeenȱ

attempted,ȱRichardȱBrush,ȱJr.,ȱaȱyouth,ȱenteredȱFalco’sȱhomeȱfromȱaȱsideȱ

gun,ȱitȱwasȱnecessaryȱtoȱenterȱintoȱtheȱhouseȱtheȱwayȱBrushȱdid.ȱFalcoȱwasȱ

chargedȱwithȱmanslaughter.ȱShouldȱheȱbeȱconvicted?ȱ[Falcoȱv.ȱState,ȱ407ȱSo.ȱ2dȱ

2.ȱSomeȱstatesȱallowȱaȱjuvenileȱtoȱmakeȱaȱstatementȱtoȱtheȱpoliceȱwithoutȱtheȱ

presenceȱofȱfamilyȱmembersȱorȱanȱattorney;ȱotherȱstatesȱdoȱnot.ȱCompareȱtheȱ

followingȱtwoȱcases.ȱ

ȱȱInȱtheȱfirstȱcase,ȱMarvinȱSuggs,ȱaȱ17ȬyearȬold,ȱwasȱarrestedȱandȱgivenȱhisȱ

Mirandaȱwarningsȱwhileȱheȱwasȱheldȱfaceȱdownȱonȱtheȱgroundȱwithȱhisȱhandsȱ

cuffedȱbehindȱhisȱback.ȱHeȱwasȱthenȱtransportedȱtoȱtheȱpoliceȱstation,ȱwhereȱheȱ

wasȱexcludedȱfromȱtrial.ȱ[Peopleȱv.ȱBrown,ȱ538ȱN.E.ȱ2dȱ909ȱ(Ill.ȱApp.ȱCtȱ1989)]ȱ

ȱȱShouldȱtheȱcourtsȱhaveȱheldȱasȱtheyȱdid?ȱWhat’sȱtheȱdifferenceȱbetweenȱtheȱ

twoȱcases?ȱ

Chapter 4 Criminal Law and Procedure

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STUDENT ________________________________ CLASS __________________________ DATE _________________

ȱLESSONȱ4—2ȱRETEACHȱ

Directions:ȱȱWriteȱtheȱanswersȱtoȱQuestionsȱ1–10ȱonȱtheȱblanksȱprovided.ȱTheȱanswerȱ

toȱQuestionȱ11ȱshouldȱappearȱinȱtheȱverticalȱboxes.ȱ

ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ11.ȱ

ȱȱ1.ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱ__ȱ__ȱ__ȱ__ȱ__ȱ__ȱ__ȱ__ȱ__ȱȱ

ȱȱ2.ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ__ȱ__ȱ__ȱ__ȱȱȱȱ__ȱȱ ȱ__ȱ__ȱ__ȱ

ȱȱ3.ȱ__ȱ__ȱ__ȱ__ȱ__ȱ__ȱ__ȱ__ȱȱ__ȱ__ȱȱ

ȱȱ4.ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ__ȱ__ȱ__ȱ__ȱ__ȱȱ__ȱ__ȱȱ

ȱȱ5ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ__ȱ__ȱ__ȱ__ȱ__ȱȱ__ȱȱ

ȱȱ6.ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ__ȱ__ȱ__ȱȱ__ȱȱ

ȱȱ7.ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ__ȱ__ȱȱ__ȱ__ȱ__ȱ__ȱ__ȱȱ

ȱȱ8.ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ__ȱ__ȱ__ȱ__ȱȱ__ȱ__ȱ__ȱȱ

ȱȱ9.ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ__ȱ__ȱ__ȱ__ȱ__ȱȱ__ȱ__ȱ__ȱ__ȱ

10.ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ__ȱȱ__ȱ__ȱ__ȱ__ȱȱ__ȱ__ȱ__ȱ__ȱȱ

ȱȱ1.ȱA(n)ȱȱ____________ȱȱhearingȱdeterminesȱifȱthereȱisȱsufficientȱcauseȱtoȱholdȱȱȱȱȱ

theȱdefendantȱforȱtrial.ȱ

ȱȱ2.ȱGroupȱofȱcitizensȱelectedȱtoȱhearȱevidenceȱinȱsecret.ȱ

ȱȱ3.ȱAȱtypeȱofȱdefenseȱwhereȱtheȱuseȱofȱforceȱappearsȱtoȱbeȱnecessaryȱtoȱpreventȱ

harmȱorȱdeathȱtoȱtheȱvictim.ȱ

ȱȱ4.ȱAnȱaccusedȱpersonȱwhoȱdoesȱnotȱknowȱtheȱdifferenceȱbetweenȱrightȱandȱwrongȱ

canȱclaimȱcriminal.ȱ

ȱȱ5.ȱAnȱargumentȱmadeȱbyȱaȱdefendantȱtoȱescapeȱcriminalȱliability.ȱ

ȱȱ6.ȱAȱpersonȱhasȱaȱconstitutionalȱ____________ȱtoȱdueȱprocess.ȱ

ȱȱ7.ȱAȱgrantȱofȱfreedomȱfromȱprosecution.ȱ

ȱȱ8.ȱAȱwitnessȱwhoȱrefusesȱtoȱtestifyȱafterȱbeingȱgrantedȱimmunityȱisȱinȱ

____________ȱofȱcourt.ȱ

ȱȱ9.ȱAnȱaccusedȱcriminalȱmustȱbeȱprovenȱguiltyȱbeyondȱaȱ____________ȱȱȱȱȱ

doubt.ȱ

10.ȱWrittenȱaccusationȱdeclaringȱthereȱisȱsufficientȱevidenceȱtoȱtryȱaȱspecificȱ

individualȱforȱaȱspecificȱcrime.ȱ

11.ȱAȱpenaltyȱimposedȱbyȱaȱcourt.ȱ

Chapter 4 Criminal Law and Procedure 1-69

STUDENT ________________________________ CLASS __________________________ DATE _________________

ȱLESSONȱ4—2ȱENRICHMENTȱ

Thisȱlessonȱdiscussedȱtwoȱmainȱdefensesȱtoȱcriminalȱcharges:ȱproceduralȱdefensesȱ

andȱsubstantiveȱdefenses.ȱProceduralȱdefensesȱareȱbasedȱonȱproblemsȱwithȱtheȱwayȱ

evidenceȱwasȱobtainedȱorȱtheȱwayȱtheȱaccusedȱpersonȱwasȱarrested,ȱquestioned,ȱ

tried,ȱorȱpunished.ȱSubstantiveȱdefensesȱdisprove,ȱjustify,ȱorȱexcuseȱtheȱallegedȱ

crime.ȱMostȱsubstantiveȱdefensesȱdiscreditȱtheȱfactsȱthatȱtheȱstateȱtriedȱtoȱestablish,ȱ

butȱtheȱtextȱalsoȱlistsȱselfȬdefense,ȱcriminalȱinsanity,ȱandȱimmunityȱasȱotherȱ

examplesȱofȱsubstantiveȱdefenses.ȱFindȱexamplesȱofȱcriminalȱcasesȱwhereȱeachȱofȱ

theseȱthreeȱspecificȱsubstantiveȱdefensesȱwasȱargued.ȱUseȱtheȱspaceȱprovidedȱtoȱ

brieflyȱdescribeȱtheȱcase,ȱandȱindicateȱwhetherȱtheȱdefenseȱwasȱsuccessful.ȱ

1.ȱSelfȬdefenseȱ

2.ȱCriminalȱinsanityȱ

3.ȱImmunityȱ

Chapter 4 Criminal Law and Procedure

1-70

STUDENT ________________________________ CLASS __________________________ DATE _________________

TESTȱ

CHAPTERȱ4ȱ

SECTION I—IDENTIFY LEGAL TERMS

Directions:ȱPlaceȱaȱTȱforȱTrueȱorȱanȱFȱforȱFalseȱinȱtheȱAnswersȱcolumnȱtoȱshowȱ

hetherȱeachȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱstatementsȱisȱtrueȱorȱfalse.ȱw

Answers

Theȱthreeȱelementsȱofȱmostȱcrimesȱareȱtheȱduty,ȱtheȱbreachȱofȱtheȱ

duty,ȱandȱcriminalȱintent.ȱ

ȱȱ1.ȱȱȱ1.ȱ_____ȱ

ȱȱ2.ȱGenerally,ȱallȱtheȱjurorsȱmustȱvoteȱforȱconvictionȱbeforeȱaȱpersonȱ

canȱbeȱconvictedȱofȱaȱcrime.ȱ

ȱȱ2.ȱ_____ȱ

ȱȱ3.ȱTheȱexistenceȱofȱaȱdutyȱinȱcriminalȱlawȱisȱusuallyȱprovedȱinȱcourtȱ

byȱtheȱtestimonyȱofȱanȱexpertȱwitness.ȱ

ȱȱ3.ȱ_____ȱ

ȱȱ4.ȱTheȱprosecutionȱandȱtheȱdefenseȱmayȱissueȱaȱsubpoena.ȱȱȱ4.ȱ_____ȱ

ȱȱ5.ȱAȱpersonȱreleasedȱonȱhisȱorȱherȱownȱrecognizanceȱmustȱpostȱaȱ

bond.ȱ

ȱȱ5.ȱ_____ȱ

ȱȱ6.ȱItȱisȱnotȱaȱcrimeȱtoȱbuyȱpropertyȱthatȱyouȱknowȱhasȱbeenȱstolen.ȱȱȱ6.ȱ_____ȱ

ȱȱ7.ȱAȱMirandaȱwarningȱmustȱbeȱissuedȱforȱmostȱconfessionsȱtoȱbeȱ

valid.ȱ

ȱȱ7.ȱ_____ȱ

ȱȱ8.ȱAȱgrantȱofȱimmunityȱcanȱeliminateȱaȱperson’sȱrightȱtoȱrefuseȱtoȱ

testifyȱonȱtheȱgroundsȱofȱselfȬincriminationȱ

ȱȱ8.ȱ_____ȱ

ȱȱ9.ȱȱ Whatȱisȱaȱcrimeȱforȱanȱadultȱisȱjuvenileȱdelinquencyȱforȱaȱminor.ȱȱȱ9.ȱȱ_____ȱ

10.ȱAnȱexpertȱwitnessȱperformsȱtheȱcrossȱexamination.ȱ10.ȱ_____ȱ

SECTION II—THINK CRITICALLY ABOUT LEGAL CONCEPTS

Directions:ȱInȱtheȱAnswersȱcolumnȱatȱtheȱrightȱofȱeachȱstatement,ȱwriteȱtheȱletterȱthatȱ

representsȱtheȱword,ȱorȱgroupȱofȱwords,ȱthatȱcorrectlyȱcompletesȱtheȱstatement.ȱ

Answers

11.ȱWhatȱisȱtheȱstandardȱofȱproofȱinȱaȱcriminalȱcase?ȱ(a)ȱproofȱbyȱ

clearȱandȱconvincingȱevidence,ȱ(b)ȱproofȱbyȱaȱpreponderanceȱofȱ

theȱevidence,ȱ(c)ȱproofȱbeyondȱaȱreasonableȱdoubt,ȱ(d)ȱnoneȱofȱ

theseȱ

11.ȱ_____ȱ

Chapter 4 Criminal Law and Procedure 1-71

SECTIONȱIIȱ(Concluded)ȱ

Answersȱ

12.ȱWhatȱisȱtheȱageȱinȱwhichȱoneȱisȱconsideredȱcapableȱofȱcriminalȱ

intentȱbyȱtheȱstatutesȱinȱmostȱstates?ȱȱ(a),ȱ7ȱ(b)ȱ14,ȱ(c)ȱ18,ȱ(d)ȱ21ȱȱ

12.ȱ_____ȱ

13.ȱWhyȱwouldȱaȱdefendantȱacceptȱaȱpleaȱbargain?ȱ(a)ȱtoȱavoidȱtheȱ

riskȱofȱbeingȱconvictedȱofȱaȱmoreȱseriousȱoffense,ȱ(b)ȱtoȱconfrontȱ

theȱaccuserȱatȱtheȱtrial,ȱ(c)ȱtoȱsaveȱtheȱcourtȱtimeȱandȱmoney,ȱ(d)ȱ

toȱwinȱfavorȱwithȱaȱjudgeȱ

13.ȱ_____ȱ

14.ȱCriminalȱintentȱgenerallyȱmeansȱthatȱtheȱdefendantȱ(a)ȱintendedȱ

toȱdoȱevil,ȱ(b)ȱintendedȱtoȱcommitȱtheȱact,ȱ(c)ȱbothȱaȱandȱb,ȱ(d)ȱ

noneȱofȱtheseȱ

14.ȱ_____ȱ

15.ȱVicariousȱcriminalȱliabilityȱrefersȱtoȱ(a)ȱaccomplices,ȱ(b)ȱburglary,ȱ

(c)ȱchildren,ȱ(d)ȱcorporationsȱ

15.ȱ_____ȱ

16.ȱWhichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱisȱnotȱaȱconstitutionalȱrightȱofȱanȱaccused?ȱ

(a)ȱtheȱrightȱtoȱbeȱrepresentedȱbyȱaȱlawyer,ȱ(b)ȱtheȱrightȱtoȱbeȱ

subjectȱtoȱarrestȱonlyȱwhenȱthereȱisȱprobableȱcause,ȱ(c)ȱtheȱrightȱ

toȱreuseȱtoȱtestifyȱagainstȱoneself,ȱ(d)ȱtheȱrightȱtoȱaȱprivateȱcellȱ

whenȱinȱjailȱ

16.ȱ_____ȱ

17.ȱWhatȱcanȱtheȱgovernmentȱdoȱtoȱcompelȱaȱwitnessȱtoȱtestifyȱafterȱ

sheȱorȱheȱhasȱassertedȱtheȱrightȱagainstȱselfȬincrimination?ȱ(a)ȱ

arrestȱtheȱwitness,ȱ(b)ȱaskȱtheȱjudgeȱtoȱholdȱtheȱwitnessȱinȱ

contempt,ȱ(c)ȱgrantȱimmunity,ȱ(d)ȱpleaȱbargainȱ

17.ȱ_____ȱ

18.ȱWhichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱwouldȱnotȱcreateȱaȱproceduralȱdefense?ȱ

(a)ȱtheȱdenialȱofȱtheȱrightȱtoȱcrossȬexamineȱwitnesses,ȱ(b)ȱtheȱ

establishmentȱofȱanȱalibi,ȱ(c)ȱfailureȱtoȱprovideȱtheȱdefendantȱ

withȱaȱlawyerȱduringȱaȱcriminalȱtrial,ȱ(d)ȱtheȱuseȱofȱforceȱtoȱcoerceȱ

aȱconfessionȱ

18.ȱ_____ȱ

19.ȱWhiteȬcollarȱcrimesȱ(a)ȱdoȱnotȱcauseȱinjuryȱtoȱpeople,ȱ(b)ȱinvolveȱ

forceȱorȱviolence,ȱ(c)ȱcauseȱphysicalȱdamageȱtoȱproperty,ȱ(c)ȱnoneȱ

ofȱtheseȱ

19.ȱ_____ȱ

20.ȱWhichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱisȱtheȱbestȱdefinitionȱofȱcontemptȱofȱ

court?ȱ(a)ȱactionsȱthatȱinterfereȱwithȱtheȱadministrationȱofȱjustice,ȱ

(b)ȱfailureȱtoȱfileȱanȱappealȱonȱtime,ȱ(c)ȱwordsȱthatȱexpressȱ

disrespectȱforȱwitnesses,ȱ(d)ȱwillfulȱdisregardȱofȱtheȱinstructionȱofȱ

one’sȱlawyerȱ

20.ȱ_____ȱ

21.ȱȱ Shortlyȱafterȱhisȱorȱherȱarrest,ȱtheȱdefendantȱisȱbroughtȱbeforeȱtheȱ

courtȱinȱaȱproceedingȱcalledȱa(n)ȱ(a)ȱindictment,ȱ(b)ȱvoirȱdire,ȱ(c)ȱ

arraignment,ȱ(d)ȱpreliminaryȱhearingȱ

21.ȱ_____ȱ

Chapter 4 Criminal Law and Procedure

1-72

SECTION III—APPLY LEGAL PRACTICES

ȱȱ22.ȱJimȱAtkinsȱisȱaccusedȱofȱsettingȱtheȱfireȱthatȱburnedȱhisȱexȬwife’sȱmobileȱhome.ȱJim’sȱ

son,ȱwhoȱwillȱstillȱbeȱconsideredȱaȱminorȱforȱanotherȱtenȱmonths,ȱlivesȱwithȱhisȱdad.ȱ

Afterȱtheȱfirstȱdayȱofȱtrial,ȱJimȱconvincesȱhisȱsonȱtoȱconfessȱtoȱsettingȱtheȱfireȱbecauseȱ

atȱtheȱendȱofȱtenȱmonths,ȱthatȱjuvenileȱrecordȱwouldȱbeȱdiscarded.ȱIsȱthisȱaȱgoodȱ

defenseȱforȱJim?ȱIfȱtheȱmatterȱendsȱupȱinȱjuvenileȱcourtȱwithȱhisȱson,ȱcouldȱanyȱofȱthisȱ

informationȱbeȱusedȱagainstȱJimȱshouldȱheȱbeȱinvolvedȱinȱanotherȱarsonȱyearsȱlater?ȱ

ȱȱ23.ȱOnȱSaturdayȱafterȱtheȱannualȱduesȱmeetingȱofȱtheȱGrange,ȱtheȱtreasurerȱstoppedȱatȱaȱ

foodȱmartȱforȱgasolineȱandȱsomeȱgroceries.ȱBeingȱlowȱonȱcash,ȱheȱusedȱtheȱcollectedȱ

moneyȱtoȱpayȱhisȱbillȱandȱreplacedȱitȱonȱMondayȱwhenȱheȱreceivedȱhisȱpaycheck.ȱ

Hasȱaȱcrimeȱbeenȱcommitted?ȱ

ANSWERS

Lessonȱ4—1ȱ

Quiz

5.ȱTȱ

10.ȱTȱ

15.ȱJessicaȱisȱcommittingȱembezzlementȱandȱpossiblyȱextortionȱbyȱusingȱherȱpowerȱtoȱ

Practice Activity

1.ȱNo,ȱBensonȱisȱnotȱcorrectȱaboutȱfelonyȬmurderȱbeingȱunconstitutional.ȱTheȱlawȱ

presumesȱtheȱnecessaryȱintentȱfromȱtheȱperpetratorȱcommittingȱtheȱunderlyingȱ

shouldȱonlyȱbeȱresponsibleȱforȱhisȱorȱherȱintent,ȱandȱfelonyȬmurderȱhasȱnoȱintent.ȱȱ

ȱȱAccordingȱtoȱtheȱcourts,ȱtheȱpurposeȱofȱtheȱfelonyȬmurderȱlawȱisȱtoȱdeterȱfelonsȱ

eachȱpersonȱcausingȱanȱunlawfulȱkillingȱtoȱdetermineȱwhetherȱtheȱkillingȱwasȱwithȱ

orȱwithoutȱmalice,ȱdeliberateȱorȱaccidental,ȱandȱcalibratingȱtreatmentȱofȱtheȱpersonȱ

implicationȱofȱlawȱtransferredȱfromȱsuchȱoffenseȱtoȱtheȱhomicideȱwhichȱwasȱactuallyȱ

committed,ȱsoȱasȱtoȱmakeȱtheȱlatterȱoffenseȱaȱkillingȱwithȱmaliceȱaforethought.ȱInȱ

2.ȱNo,ȱBriggsȱshouldȱnotȱbeȱconvicted.ȱTheȱlegislativeȱhistoryȱofȱtheȱstatuteȱindicatesȱ

thatȱtheȱstatuteȱwasȱcreatedȱtoȱprohibitȱtheȱperpetrationȱofȱcomputerȱcrimesȱthroughȱ

Chapter 4 Criminal Law and Procedure

1-74

Reteach

Theȱteacherȱwillȱhaveȱtoȱdetermineȱwhetherȱtheȱstudentsȱareȱansweringȱcorrectlyȱinȱtheȱ

game.ȱ

Enrichment Activity

Lessonȱ4—2ȱ

Quiz

1.ȱprobableȱcauseȱ

5.ȱimmunityȱ

ȱȱȱ

9.ȱYes.ȱPierreȱcouldȱbeȱconvictedȱbecauseȱtestimonyȱcanȱbeȱbasedȱonȱhearsayȱandȱ

10.ȱPierreȱwouldȱhaveȱbeenȱgivenȱtheȱrightȱtoȱremainȱsilentȱuponȱhisȱarrest.ȱTheȱ

Practice Activity

1.ȱYes,ȱFalcoȱshouldȱhaveȱbeenȱconvictedȱofȱmanslaughter.ȱTheȱdefendantȱarguedȱthatȱ

theȱlawȱwasȱanȱunconstitutionalȱdenialȱofȱequalȱprotectionȱofȱtheȱlawȱinȱthatȱitȱ

permittedȱaȱjustifiableȱuseȱofȱdeadlyȱforceȱtoȱprotectȱaȱperson,ȱbutȱnotȱproperty.ȱTheȱ

isȱused,ȱaȱfelonyȱwouldȱbeȱcommitted.ȱHowever,ȱthisȱrightȱdoesȱnotȱextendȱtoȱtheȱuseȱ

ofȱdeadlyȱforceȱinȱdefenseȱofȱrealȱorȱpersonalȱproperty.ȱTheȱuseȱofȱaȱdeadlyȱ

statuteȱisȱconstitutionalȱasȱappliedȱandȱdoesȱnotȱdenyȱtheȱdefendantȱtheȱequalȱ

protectionȱofȱtheȱlaw.ȱ

Chapter 4 Criminal Law and Procedure 1-75

2.ȱThereȱareȱsomeȱsignificantȱdifferencesȱbetweenȱtheȱtwo.ȱTheȱcourtȱsaidȱthatȱwhileȱaȱ

juvenileȱdoesȱnotȱhaveȱaȱperȱseȱrightȱtoȱconsultȱwithȱhisȱorȱherȱparentsȱbeforeȱ

before,ȱandȱtoȱbeȱpresentȱduring,ȱanyȱquestioning.ȱTheȱvalidityȱofȱaȱjuvenile’sȱwaiverȱ

ofȱhisȱorȱherȱrightsȱshouldȱbeȱevaluatedȱinȱlightȱofȱtheȱfullȱcircumstancesȱsurroundingȱ

theȱwaiver.ȱWhereȱneitherȱlegalȱcounselȱnorȱtheȱparentsȱareȱpresentȱduringȱ

interrogation,ȱtheȱgreatestȱcareȱmustȱbeȱtakenȱbyȱtheȱtrialȱcourtȱtoȱassureȱthatȱtheȱ

statementȱofȱtheȱjuvenileȱisȱvoluntary,ȱinȱtheȱsenseȱnotȱonlyȱthatȱitȱwasȱnotȱcoercedȱorȱ

lookingȱforȱhim,ȱbutȱsheȱwasȱnotȱtoldȱwhereȱheȱwas,ȱBrownȱwasȱnotȱtoldȱsheȱwasȱ

there,ȱandȱtheȱpoliceȱcontinuedȱtoȱquestionȱBrownȱwithoutȱgivingȱhimȱMirandaȱ

warningsȱorȱhavingȱhimȱsignȱaȱwaiverȱofȱthem.ȱInȱSuggs,ȱthisȱwasȱnotȱso,ȱandȱthereȱ

Reteach

6.ȱȱrightȱ

Enrichment Activity

Chapter 4 Criminal Law and Procedure

1-76

ANSWERS TO TEST QUESTIONS

SECTION I

1.ȱTȱ

SECTION II

11.ȱȱcȱ

SECTION III

Chapter 4 Criminal Law and Procedure 1-77