978-0538496902 Chapter 3 Part 1

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Foundationȱ

protocolȱ

Enrichment Activity

ANSWERS TO TEST QUESTIONS

SECTION I

SECTION II

12.ȱcȱ

13.ȱdȱ

16.ȱaȱ

17.ȱbȱ

SECTION III

20.ȱTheȱU.S.ȱSupremeȱCourtȱhasȱoriginalȱjurisdictionȱinȱcasesȱinȱwhichȱtheȱexecutiveȱ

21.ȱTheȱEqualȱEmploymentȱOpportunityȱCommissionȱwasȱestablishedȱtoȱeliminateȱ

discriminationȱinȱtheȱworkplace.ȱFederalȱjobsȱareȱnowȱrequiredȱtoȱbeȱ

22.ȱCurrently,ȱcaseȱlawȱusesȱaȱcommunityȱstandardȱtoȱdetermineȱwhatȱcanȱbeȱ

consideredȱobsceneȱandȱregulatedȱorȱbannedȱbyȱlocal,ȱstate,ȱandȱfederalȱ

1-42 Chapter 3 Court Systems

STUDENT ________________________________ CLASS __________________________ DATE _________________

ȱLESSONȱ3—1ȱQUIZȱȱ

Legal Concepts

Directions:ȱFillȱinȱtheȱblank(s)ȱwithȱtheȱmostȱappropriateȱtermȱorȱphraseȱtoȱcompleteȱ

theȱsentence.ȱ

Answers

ȱ1.ȱAnȱindependentȱthirdȱpartyȱcalledȱa(n)ȱ

____________________ȱmayȱbeȱableȱtoȱhelpȱtwoȱ

disputingȱpartiesȱreachȱaȱsolution.ȱ

1._______________________

ȱ2.ȱ____________________ȱorȱtheirȱdeputiesȱareȱ

officersȱwhoȱactȱasȱbailiffsȱinȱstateȱcourts.ȱ

2._______________________

ȱ3.ȱ____________________ȱcarryȱoutȱtheirȱdutiesȱinȱ

theȱfederalȱcourtȱsystem.ȱ

3._______________________

bothȱparties.ȱ

ȱ6.ȱȱAȱdecisionȱtoȱ____________________ȱorȱtakeȱaȱ

disputeȱtoȱcourtȱcouldȱbeȱavoidedȱthroughȱ

negotiation.ȱ

6._______________________

ȱ7.ȱAttorneysȱmayȱsubmitȱ____________________ȱthatȱ

containȱwrittenȱargumentsȱonȱissuesȱofȱlaw.ȱ

7._______________________

ȱ8.ȱAȱverbatimȱrecordȱwrittenȱduringȱaȱtrialȱisȱcalledȱ

a(n)ȱ____________________.ȱ

8._______________________

Legal Application

9.ȱJackȱTaylorȱlivesȱinȱaȱtownȱthatȱrequiresȱitsȱresidentsȱtoȱmaintainȱtheȱsidewalksȱ

inȱfrontȱofȱtheirȱhomes.ȱJack’sȱelderlyȱneighbor,ȱZelmaȱShowalter,ȱtripsȱoverȱaȱ

largeȱcrackȱinȱhisȱsidewalk.ȱHerȱkneeȱinjuryȱrequiresȱextensiveȱsurgeryȱandȱsheȱ

mustȱgoȱthroughȱthreeȱmonthsȱofȱphysicalȱtherapy.ȱZelmaȱplansȱtoȱsueȱJackȱforȱ

improperlyȱmaintainingȱhisȱsidewalk.ȱJackȱisȱsureȱthatȱZelmaȱwillȱwinȱtheȱcase,ȱ

andȱheȱwillȱbeȱforcedȱtoȱpayȱherȱmedicalȱbillsȱasȱwellȱasȱexpensiveȱcourtȱcosts.ȱ

WhatȱalternativesȱtoȱlitigationȱmightȱJackȱpursueȱwithȱZelma?

STUDENT ________________________________ CLASS __________________________ DATE _________________

ȱLESSONȱ3—1ȱQUIZȱ

LegalȱConceptsȱ

Directions:ȱFillȱinȱtheȱblank(s)ȱwithȱtheȱmostȱappropriateȱtermȱorȱphraseȱtoȱcompleteȱ

theȱsentence.ȱ

Answers

ȱ1.ȱAnȱindependentȱthirdȱpartyȱcalledȱa(n)ȱ

____________________ȱmayȱbeȱableȱtoȱhelpȱtwoȱ

disputingȱpartiesȱreachȱaȱsolution.ȱ

1._______________________

ȱ2.ȱ____________________ȱorȱtheirȱdeputiesȱareȱ

officersȱwhoȱactȱasȱbailiffsȱinȱstateȱcourts.ȱ

2._______________________

forumȱthatȱadministersȱjusticeȱunderȱtheȱlaw.ȱ

ȱ5.ȱA(n)ȱ____________________ȱdecisionȱisȱbindingȱonȱ

bothȱparties.ȱ

5._______________________

ȱ6.ȱȱAȱdecisionȱtoȱ____________________ȱorȱtakeȱaȱ

disputeȱtoȱcourtȱcouldȱbeȱavoidedȱthroughȱ

negotiation.ȱ

6._______________________

ȱ7.ȱAttorneysȱmayȱsubmitȱ____________________ȱthatȱ

containȱwrittenȱargumentsȱonȱissuesȱofȱlaw.ȱ

7._______________________

ȱ8.ȱAȱverbatimȱrecordȱwrittenȱduringȱaȱtrialȱisȱcalledȱ

a(n)ȱ____________________.ȱ

8._______________________

LegalȱApplicationȱ

9.ȱJackȱTaylorȱlivesȱinȱaȱtownȱthatȱrequiresȱitsȱresidentsȱtoȱmaintainȱtheȱsidewalksȱ

inȱfrontȱofȱtheirȱhomes.ȱJack’sȱelderlyȱneighbor,ȱZelmaȱShowalter,ȱtripsȱoverȱaȱ

largeȱcrackȱinȱhisȱsidewalk.ȱHerȱkneeȱinjuryȱrequiresȱextensiveȱsurgeryȱandȱsheȱ

mustȱgoȱthroughȱthreeȱmonthsȱofȱphysicalȱtherapy.ȱZelmaȱplansȱtoȱsueȱJackȱforȱ

improperlyȱmaintainingȱhisȱsidewalk.ȱJackȱisȱsureȱthatȱZelmaȱwillȱwinȱtheȱcase,ȱ

andȱheȱwillȱbeȱforcedȱtoȱpayȱherȱmedicalȱbillsȱasȱwellȱasȱexpensiveȱcourtȱcosts.ȱ

WhatȱalternativesȱtoȱlitigationȱmightȱJackȱpursueȱwithȱZelma?ȱ

1-44 Chapter 3 Court Systems

STUDENT ________________________________ CLASS __________________________ DATE _________________

ȱLESSONȱ3—1ȱPRACTICEȱACTIVITYȱ

Readȱtheȱfollowingȱcasesȱandȱanswerȱtheȱquestionsȱaboutȱthem.ȱAttachȱaȱpageȱifȱadditionalȱ

spaceȱisȱneededȱforȱanswers.ȱ

1.ȱAȱgroupȱofȱsecuritiesȱinvestorsȱsignedȱagreementsȱwhichȱrequiredȱthatȱanyȱ

disputesȱbetweenȱthemȱandȱtheȱinvestmentȱcompanyȱwouldȱbeȱsettledȱbyȱ

submittingȱtheȱclaimsȱtoȱbindingȱarbitrationȱratherȱthanȱfilingȱaȱlawsuitȱinȱcourt.ȱ

Whenȱtheȱinvestors’ȱinvestmentsȱwentȱbad,ȱtheyȱbroughtȱsuitȱinȱcourtȱallegingȱ

fraudȱandȱunauthorizedȱtransactionsȱinȱviolationȱofȱtheȱsecuritiesȱlaws,ȱinȱspiteȱ

ofȱtheirȱwrittenȱagreementȱtoȱsubmitȱtheȱmatterȱtoȱarbitration.ȱShouldȱtheirȱcaseȱ

beȱheardȱinȱcourt?ȱ[RodriquezȱdeȱQuijasȱv.ȱShearson/AmericanȱExpress,ȱ490ȱU.S.ȱ477ȱ

(1989)]ȱ

2.ȱCharlotteȱandȱJohnȱwereȱmarriedȱandȱhadȱtwoȱchildren.ȱJohnȱdesertedȱhisȱ

family,ȱandȱCharlotteȱhadȱnotȱheardȱfromȱhimȱinȱeightȱyears.ȱCharlotteȱthenȱ

filedȱforȱsocialȱsecurityȱbenefitsȱforȱtheirȱchildrenȱonȱtheȱgroundsȱthatȱJohnȱwasȱ

presumedȱdead.ȱTheȱSocialȱSecurityȱAdministrationȱrefusedȱtoȱpayȱtheȱbenefitsȱ

becauseȱCharlotteȱhadȱnotȱprovenȱJohnȱtoȱbeȱdead.ȱShouldȱsheȱhaveȱto?ȱWhyȱorȱ

whyȱnot?ȱ[Edwardsȱv.ȱCalifano,ȱ619ȱF.ȱ2dȱ865ȱ(10thȱCir.ȱ1980)]ȱ

Chapter 3 Court Systems 1-45

STUDENT _______________________________________ CLASS _______________________ DATE _________

ȱLESSONȱ3—1ȱRETEACHȱ

Directions:ȱCircleȱtheȱanswerȱtoȱeachȱquestionȱinȱtheȱpuzzleȱbelow.ȱAnswersȱmayȱ

appearȱinȱhorizontal,ȱvertical,ȱorȱdiagonalȱform.ȱTheyȱmayȱalsoȱbeȱwrittenȱ

backwardsȱorȱfromȱtheȱbottomȱtoȱtheȱtopȱofȱtheȱpuzzle.ȱ

ȱȱ1.ȱOfficersȱwhoȱcarryȱoutȱdutiesȱforȱfederalȱcourtsȱareȱcalledȱ__________.ȱ

ȱȱ2.ȱWhatȱisȱaȱgovernmentalȱforumȱthatȱadministersȱlegalȱjustice?ȱ__________ȱ

ȱȱ3.ȱAȱthirdȬpartyȱnegotiatorȱwhoseȱdecisionȱisȱbindingȱisȱcalledȱa(n)ȱ__________.ȱ

ȱȱ4.ȱAȱthirdȬpartyȱnegotiatorȱwhoseȱdecisionȱisȱnotȱbindingȱisȱcalledȱa(n)__________.ȱ

ȱȱ5.ȱWhatȱkindȱofȱcourtȱhearsȱdisputesȱfirst?ȱ__________ȱ

ȱȱ6.ȱWhichȱcourtȱthatȱtriesȱaȱcaseȱisȱsaidȱtoȱhaveȱoriginalȱjurisdictionȱoverȱit?ȱȱ_______ȱ

ȱȱ7.ȱTheȱverbatimȱrecordȱwrittenȱduringȱaȱtrialȱisȱcalledȱtheȱ__________.ȱ

ȱȱ8.ȱWhatȱtypeȱofȱcourtȱmayȱreviewȱtheȱdecisionȱofȱaȱlowerȱcourt?ȱȱ__________ȱ

ȱȱ9.ȱAȱwrittenȱargumentȱonȱlawȱissuesȱisȱcalledȱanȱappellateȱ__________.ȱ

10.ȱOfficersȱwhoȱcarryȱoutȱdutiesȱforȱstateȱcourtsȱareȱcalledȱ__________.ȱ

11.ȱWhatȱtermȱmeansȱtakingȱaȱdisputeȱtoȱcourt?ȱ__________ȱ

12.ȱWhatȱcourtȱofficerȱentersȱcasesȱonȱtheȱcourtȱcalendar?ȱ__________ȱ

TZTRANSCR I PT

S S R UMA R S R L T S

RW A L BA T HG I L F

1-46 Chapter 3 Court Systems

STUDENT ________________________________ CLASS __________________________ DATE _________________

ȱLESSONȱ3—1ȱENRICHMENTȱ

Disputesȱcanȱbeȱsettledȱwithoutȱresortingȱtoȱtheȱcourtsȱbyȱacceptingȱtheȱassistanceȱofȱ

aȱmediatorȱorȱarbitrator,ȱasȱexplainedȱinȱtheȱtext.ȱYouȱmayȱhaveȱheardȱofȱmediationȱ

orȱarbitrationȱbeingȱusedȱtoȱsettleȱlaborȱdisputes,ȱforȱexample.ȱTalkȱtoȱaȱfriendȱorȱ

relativeȱwhoȱwasȱinvolvedȱinȱaȱmediationȱorȱarbitrationȱcase,ȱorȱreviewȱaȱcaseȱbyȱ

readingȱnewspaper,ȱmagazine,ȱorȱInternetȱarticles.ȱThenȱanswerȱtheȱfollowingȱ

questions.ȱ

1.ȱWhatȱwasȱtheȱissueȱbeingȱmediatedȱorȱarbitrated?ȱ

2.ȱWereȱtheȱservicesȱofȱaȱmediatorȱusedȱorȱwasȱanȱarbitratorȱselected?ȱ

3.ȱWhyȱdidȱtheȱpartiesȱchooseȱmediation/arbitration?ȱ

4.ȱWasȱtheȱmediation/arbitrationȱsuccessfulȱorȱdidȱtheȱcaseȱultimatelyȱgoȱtoȱcourt?ȱ

STUDENT ________________________________ CLASS __________________________ DATE _________________

ȱLESSONȱ3—2ȱQUIZȱ

LegalȱConceptsȱ

Directions:ȱInȱtheȱAnswersȱcolumn,ȱwriteȱtheȱletterȱfromȱColumnȱ1ȱthatȱrepresentsȱ

theȱwordȱorȱphraseȱthatȱmatchesȱtheȱstatementȱinȱColumnȱ2.ȱ

ȱColumnȱ1ȱȱ ȱ Columnȱ2ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱAnswersȱ

1-48 Chapter 3 Court Systems

ȱ1.ȱȱ Aȱtypeȱofȱjurisdictionȱthatȱpermitsȱaȱ

courtȱtoȱhearȱanyȱkindȱofȱcaseȱ

ȱ2.ȱȱ Aȱtypeȱofȱcourtȱthatȱdoesȱnotȱacceptȱ

newȱevidenceȱorȱcallȱwitnessesȱ

ȱ3.ȱȱ Theȱnumberȱofȱfederalȱcourtsȱofȱappealȱ

ȱ4.ȱȱ Aȱcourtȱthatȱhasȱbothȱappellateȱandȱ

originalȱjurisdictionȱ

ȱ5.ȱȱ Theȱlowestȱfederalȱcourtȱwithȱgeneralȱ

jurisdictionȱ

ȱ6.ȱȱ Theȱnumberȱofȱcircuitȱcourtsȱinȱtheȱ

federalȱsystemȱ

ȱ7.ȱȱ Legislationȱthatȱestablishedȱtheȱcircuitȱ

courtsȱofȱappealȱ

ȱ8.ȱȱ Aȱtypeȱofȱjurisdictionȱthatȱpermitsȱaȱ

courtȱtoȱhearȱoneȱspecificȱtypeȱofȱcaseȱ

ȱ9.ȱȱ Theȱnumberȱofȱcourtsȱofȱappealȱforȱtheȱ

“federalȱcircuit”ȱ

10.ȱȱAnȱorderȱthatȱcompelsȱaȱstateȱcourtȱtoȱ

turnȱoverȱcaseȱrecordsȱtoȱtheȱSupremeȱ

Courtȱ

LegalȱApplicationȱ

A.ȱappellateȱ

B.ȱoneȱ

C.ȱU.S.ȱSupremeȱȱ

ȱCourtȱ

D.ȱwritȱofȱȱ

ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱcertiorariȱ

E.ȱgeneralȱ

F.ȱFederalȱȱ

ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱJudiciaryȱȱ

ȱActȱȱ

G.ȱtwelveȱ

H.ȱfederalȱȱ

ȱȱȱȱȱȱdistrictȱȱ

ȱcourtȱ

I.ȱthirteenȱ

J.ȱspecialȱ

ȱȱ1.ȱ__________ȱ

ȱȱ2.ȱ__________ȱ

ȱȱ3.ȱ__________ȱ

ȱȱ4.ȱ__________ȱ

ȱȱ5.ȱ__________ȱ

ȱȱ6.ȱ__________ȱ

ȱȱ7.ȱ__________ȱ

ȱȱ8.ȱ__________ȱ

ȱȱ9.ȱ__________ȱ

10.ȱ__________ȱ

11.ȱLuisȱRamirez,ȱownerȱofȱanȱofficeȱbuildingȱinȱPittsburgh,ȱplansȱtoȱsueȱtheȱ

building’sȱcarpenter,ȱJohnȱAnderson,ȱwhoȱalsoȱlivesȱinȱPittsburgh.ȱLuis’sȱnewȱ

shingleȱroofȱleakedȱandȱcausedȱmoderateȱdamageȱtoȱtheȱinteriorȱwalls,ȱceilings,ȱ

etc.ȱLuisȱisȱseekingȱ$70,000ȱinȱdamages.ȱLuis’sȱattorneyȱhasȱpromisedȱtoȱpursueȱ

theȱcaseȱthroughȱallȱlevelsȱofȱbothȱtheȱstateȱandȱfederalȱcourtȱsystems.ȱIsȱLuis’sȱ

attorneyȱmakingȱaȱfalseȱpromise?ȱCouldȱhisȱcaseȱbeȱtakenȱtoȱtheȱU.S.ȱSupremeȱ

Court?ȱExplain.ȱ

STUDENT _______________________________________ CLASS _______________________ DATE _________

ȱLESSONȱ3—2ȱPRACTICEȱACTIVITYȱ

Readȱtheȱfollowingȱcasesȱandȱanswerȱtheȱquestionsȱaboutȱthem.ȱAttachȱaȱpageȱifȱadditionalȱ

spaceȱisȱneededȱforȱanswers.ȱ

1.ȱDuringȱtheȱPersianȱGulfȱconflictȱinȱ1990,ȱtheȱUnitedȱStatesȱsentȱthousandsȱofȱ

soldiersȱtoȱtheȱIraqȱandȱKuwaitȱarea.ȱBecauseȱtheȱgovernmentȱwasȱconcernedȱ

thatȱIraqȱmightȱuseȱchemicalȱwarfare,ȱitȱwantedȱtoȱuseȱtwoȱexperimentalȱdrugsȱ

thatȱitȱbelievedȱwouldȱprotectȱtheȱsoldiersȱagainstȱchemicalȱattack.ȱTheȱdrugsȱ

theȱunapprovedȱdrugȱcouldȱbeȱusedȱonȱsoldiersȱwithoutȱgivingȱthemȱnoticeȱorȱ

receivingȱtheirȱpermission.ȱTheȱgovernmentȱarguedȱthatȱtheȱcourtȱwasȱunableȱtoȱ

decideȱtheȱissueȱbecauseȱonlyȱtheȱexecutiveȱandȱlegislativeȱbranchesȱhadȱ

authorityȱoverȱtheȱgovernmentȱduringȱtimesȱofȱwar.ȱIsȱtheȱgovernmentȱcorrect?ȱ

[Doeȱv.ȱSullivan,ȱ938ȱF.ȱ2dȱ1370ȱ(D.C.ȱCir.ȱ1991)]ȱ

2.ȱGaffordȱwasȱaȱmeetingȱplannerȱatȱGeneralȱElectricȱinȱJeffersonȱCounty,ȱ

Kentucky.ȱAfterȱbeingȱpassedȱoverȱforȱseveralȱpromotions,ȱsheȱsuedȱGEȱforȱ

discriminationȱinȱKentuckyȱstateȱcourt.ȱHadȱsheȱbeenȱsuccessfulȱinȱherȱsuit,ȱsheȱ

theȱproperȱjurisdictionȱbecauseȱtheȱmatterȱatȱissueȱwasȱmoreȱthanȱ$50,000ȱ(theȱ

minimumȱneededȱatȱtheȱtimeȱforȱtheȱfederalȱcourtȱtoȱhaveȱjurisdictionȱoverȱaȱ

diversityȱofȱcitizenshipȱcase).ȱWillȱGEȱgetȱtoȱmoveȱtheȱcaseȱtoȱfederalȱcourt?ȱ

[Gaffordȱv.ȱGeneralȱElectric,ȱ997ȱF.ȱ2dȱ150ȱ(6thȱCir.ȱ1993)]ȱ

Chapter 3 Court Systems 1-49

STUDENT ________________________________ CLASS __________________________ DATE _________________

ȱLESSONȱ3—2ȱRETEACHȱ

Directions:ȱGiveȱeachȱstudentȱthreeȱslipsȱofȱpaperȱwithȱfederalȱdistrictȱcourtȱ(FDC),ȱ

federalȱcourtȱofȱappealsȱ(FCA),ȱandȱU.S.ȱSupremeȱCourtȱ(USSC)ȱwrittenȱonȱthem.ȱAȱ

differentȱcolorȱofȱpaperȱmightȱbeȱusedȱforȱtheȱdifferentȱtypesȱofȱcourts.ȱAskȱtheȱ

studentsȱtoȱholdȱupȱtheȱcorrectȱpaperȱasȱeachȱquestionȱisȱread.ȱ

ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱAnswers

ȱȱ

ȱ1.ȱWhichȱcourtȱisȱtheȱlowestȱlevelȱinȱtheȱfederalȱcourtȱsystemȱwithȱ

generalȱjurisdiction?ȱ

ȱȱȱFDCȱ

system?ȱ

ȱ8.ȱWhichȱcourtȱhasȱbothȱoriginalȱandȱappellateȱjurisdiction?ȱȱȱUSSCȱ

ȱ9.ȱWhichȱtypeȱofȱcourtȱdoesȱnotȱacceptȱnewȱevidenceȱorȱcallȱ

witnesses?ȱ

ȱȱȱFCAȱ

.ȱ

1-50 Chapter 3 Court Systems

STUDENT ________________________________ CLASS __________________________ DATE _________________

ȱLESSONȱ3—2ȱENRICHMENTȱ

ThisȱlessonȱdetailedȱtheȱroleȱofȱtheȱUnitedȱStatesȱSupremeȱCourtȱandȱindicatedȱthatȱ

theȱCourt’sȱmostȱimportantȱfunctionȱisȱtheȱexerciseȱofȱitsȱappellateȱjurisdiction.ȱTheȱ

SupremeȱCourtȱwillȱissueȱaȱwritȱofȱcertiorariȱtoȱtheȱlastȱcourtȱthatȱheardȱaȱcaseȱwhenȱ

itȱbelievesȱthatȱaȱspecificȱcaseȱcontainsȱaȱconstitutionalȱissueȱimportantȱenoughȱtoȱbeȱ

decidedȱbyȱtheȱSupremeȱCourt.ȱResearchȱaȱcaseȱwhereȱtheȱSupremeȱCourtȱissuedȱaȱ

writȱofȱcertiorariȱandȱanswerȱtheȱquestionsȱbelow.ȱ

1.ȱWhatȱwasȱtheȱconstitutionalȱissueȱsurroundingȱtheȱcase?ȱ

2.ȱWhatȱwasȱtheȱoutcomeȱofȱtheȱSupremeȱCourt’sȱdecision?ȱ

3.ȱWereȱanyȱofȱtheȱJusticesȱinȱdissentȱoverȱtheȱmajorityȱopinion?ȱIfȱso,ȱwhatȱwasȱ

theirȱargument?ȱ

STUDENT ________________________________ CLASS __________________________ DATE _________________

ȱLESSONȱ3—3ȱQUIZȱ

LegalȱConceptsȱ

Directions:ȱFillȱinȱtheȱblank(s)ȱwithȱtheȱmostȱappropriateȱtermȱorȱphraseȱtoȱcompleteȱ

theȱsentence.ȱ

ȱȱ ȱȱȱ Answersȱ

ȱȱȱ

1.ȱ

ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ?ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱcourtsȱareȱlowerȱcourtsȱthatȱhearȱȱ ȱȱ

minorȱcriminalȱcasesȱandȱlawsuitsȱthatȱinvolveȱlessȱthanȱ

$25,000.ȱ

ȱȱ1.ȱ__________________ȱ

ȱȱ2.ȱJuvenileȱcourtsȱemphasizeȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ?ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱratherȱȱ ȱȱ

thanȱpunishment.ȱ

ȱȱ2.ȱ__________________ȱ

ȱȱ3.ȱAssociateȱcircuitȱcourtsȱareȱalsoȱcalledȱȱ ȱȱ

ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ?ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱcourts.ȱ

ȱȱ3.ȱ__________________ȱ

ȱȱ4.ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ?ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱcourtsȱhandleȱcasesȱinvolvingȱ$2,500ȱorȱless.ȱȱȱ4.ȱ__________________ȱ

ȱȱ5.ȱA(n)ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ?ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱkeepsȱanȱexactȱaccountȱofȱwhatȱgoesȱonȱ

atȱtrialȱincludingȱaȱtranscriptȱofȱtheȱtrial,ȱevidenceȱ

submitted,ȱstatements,ȱandȱjudgments.ȱ

ȱȱ5.ȱ__________________ȱ

ȱȱ6.ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ?ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱcourtsȱhearȱcasesȱinvolvingȱyoungȱȱ ȱȱ

peopleȱbetweenȱtheȱagesȱofȱ13ȱandȱ18.ȱ

ȱȱ6.ȱ__________________ȱ

ȱȱ7.ȱA(n)ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ?ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱisȱaȱjudgeȱwhoȱsitsȱonȱaȱstateȱȱȱȱ

supremeȱcourt.ȱ

ȱȱ7.ȱ__________________ȱ

ȱȱ8.ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ?ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱcourtsȱadministerȱwillsȱandȱestates.ȱȱȱ8.ȱ__________________ȱ

ȱȱ9.ȱCitiesȱhaveȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ?ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱcourtsȱthatȱadministerȱȱȱȱ

theirȱordinances.ȱ

ȱȱ9.ȱ__________________ȱ

10.ȱA(n)ȱȱȱȱ?ȱȱȱȱȱisȱanȱoffenseȱagainstȱsociety.ȱ10.ȱ__________________ȱ

11. Rickȱagreedȱtoȱworkȱasȱanȱassistantȱatȱaȱcommunityȱfairgroundȱoffice.ȱHeȱwasȱ

supposedȱtoȱworkȱforȱfiveȱhoursȱeachȱafternoonȱduringȱtheȱsummerȱandȱhisȱ

wagesȱwereȱtoȱbeȱ$3,000.ȱHeȱwasȱpaidȱonlyȱ$1,800.ȱTheȱcommunityȱclaimsȱlackȱ

ofȱfundingȱandȱthatȱtheyȱthereforeȱcannotȱpayȱtheȱremainingȱ$1,200.ȱWhichȱcourtȱ

shouldȱhearȱRick’sȱcase?ȱShouldȱheȱplanȱtoȱhaveȱanȱattorneyȱrepresentȱhim?ȱ