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EXERCISE 5.2: ADJECTIVES
1. The following sentences demonstrate how these adjectives can carry
different meaning in attributive and predicative position.
Attributive: The late commissioner was much beloved.
2. These terms are all borrowed from classical languages, specifically
Latin and French, in which adjectives appear after nouns. For example,
3. Some speakers may differ on what sounds “most natural” in terms of
these adjectives.
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pleasant more pleasant, most pleasant
skinny skinnier, skinniest
Adjectives of two syllables demonstrate a few patterns in terms of
The three-syllable adjectives unhappy and unhealthy can take the
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EXERCISE 5.3: VERBS
1. Fill out this chart for be, have, do, and go.
be
have
do
go
Infinitive
be
have
do
go
3rd pers. sing.
is
has
does
goes
Past tense
was/were
had
did
went
Pres. part.
being
having
doing
going
Past part.
been
had
done
gone
2. Provide example sentences.
a. I am a whiz at grammar.
3. The relatively new verb fly, used to describe a fly ball in baseball, is
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4. Examples of verbs used transitively, intransitively, or ditransitively.
to have: I have money. (transitive)
5. The present tense can be used to express planned or scheduled future
6. Students’ answers will vary.
7. Students’ answers will vary. These verbs behave like intransitive verbs
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EXERCISE 5.4: ADVERBS
1. Both very and really modify other adverbs and adjectives. Unlike most
2. Below are examples of all functioning as an intensifier modifying
She all ran up to the car and started banging on the window.
EXERCISE 5.5: PRONOUNS
a. him and me
b. She and I
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EXERCISE 5.6: DETERMINERS
1. Such is best described as a predeterminer because it can occur before
2. If we take a phrase like Michael’s car and add any adjectives, the
EXERCISE 5.7: MODAL AUXILIARIES
a. deontic
b. epistemic
Chapter 6: English Syntax: Phrases, Clauses, and Sentences
EXERCISE 6.1: IDENTIFYING CONSITUTENTS
1. Decide which underlined sets of words are constituents.
a. Yes. It passes the stand alone test (“What did you take your car in
f. Yes. It passes the stand alone test (“What must have been there?”) and
k. Yes. It passes the substitution test (“He tested the bulb”) and stand
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2. Identify each constituent.
a. PP
g. NP
EXERCISE 6.2: BASIC PHRASE STRUCTURE TREES
1. Draw basic phrase structure trees.
a. S
NP VP
b. S
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c. S
d. S
NP VP
e. S
NP VP
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f. S
NP VP
g. S
NP VP
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h. S
i. S
NP VP
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j. S
NP VP
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2. Provide tree structures for these ambiguous sentences.
a. S
NP VP
NP
S
NP VP
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b. S
NP VP
S
NP VP
1 Students could make the argument that literature instructor functions as a compound, in
which case they would connect literature and instructor as the two components of a noun
phrase, which is then part of a three-branch NP with my and Chinese.
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c. S
NP VP
S
NP VP
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d. S
NP VP
S
NP VP
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EXERCISE 6.3: COORDINATION
Provide phrase structure trees.
a. S
b. S
NP VP
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c. S
NP VP
d. S
S S
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e. S
NP VP
EXERCISE 6.4: RELATIVE CLAUSES
1. Identify the relative clauses as restrictive or non-restrictive.
a. non-restrictive
b. restrictive
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2. Draw phrase structure trees for these sentences.
a. S
NP VP
NP
b. S
