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Process Technology Equipment Chapter 6 Pumps
Page 1
CHAPTER 6 Pumps
Table of Contents
Contents
Page
Chapter Overview
2
Class Preparation Checklist
2
Chapter Objectives
2
Agenda
4
Lesson Plan
5
6.1 Selection of Pumps
6.2 Types of Pumps
7
7
6.3 Associated Components
12
6.4 Operating Principles
6.5 Pump/System Curves
6.6 Potential Problems
6.7 Safety and Environmental Hazards
6.8 Process Technician’s Role in Operation and
Maintenance
6.9 Typical Procedures
13
14
14
14
15
15
Summary and Wrap-Up
15
Suggested Student Activities
15
End of Chapter Review Questions
16
Clicker Questions
Appendix
28
31
Process Technology Equipment Chapter 6 Pumps
Page 2
CHAPTER 6 Pumps
Chapter Overview
Pumps are mechanical devices that transfer energy to move liquids through piping
systems. Pumps are used in many applications, including filling or emptying tanks,
wells, pits, and trenches; supplying water to boilers; providing circulation for systems;
moving material between process vessels; supplying fire control water; lubricating
equipment; and drawing samples.
The two main categories of pumps are dynamic and positive displacement. Dynamic
pumps use impellers to generate centrifugal force, which is then converted to dynamic
pressure to move liquids, or they use propellers to move liquids axially (in a straight
line). Positive displacement pumps use pistons, diaphragms, screws, lobes, gears, or
vanes to move or push liquids. Dynamic pumps tend to be used more often than
positive displacement pumps because they are less expensive, easier to operate, and
require less space and maintenance.
When working with pumps, process technicians should conduct monitoring and
maintenance activities to ensure that pumps are properly lubricated and that there is no
leakage from any of the pump components. Process technicians should also monitor
pumps for damaging conditions such as overpressurization, overheating, and cavitation.
Class Preparation Checklist
1.
Familiarize yourself with the chapter content.
2.
Bring cutaways or other hands-on teaching aids if available.
3.
Copy and distribute any fill-in-the-blank handouts for today's content.
4.
Safety Minute prepared or assigned
5.
Review the PowerPoint slides associated with this chapter (if used) and
make sure that your computer is correctly set up to navigate the slide deck
smoothly.
6.
Request the appropriate A/V equipment (if needed) and make sure that
your computer is correctly synched with the projector to avoid any delays in
the classroom.
Chapter Objectives
6.1 Explain the purpose and selection of pumps in the process industry (NAPTA
Pumps).
6.2 Identify common pump types and their components (NAPTA Pumps).
6.3 Identify associated components and their purpose (NAPTA Pumps).
6.4 Identify operating principles of pumps (NAPTA Pumps).
Process Technology Equipment Chapter 6 Pumps
Page 3
6.5 Explain the purpose of a pump curve and demonstrate its use (NAPTA Pumps).
6.6 Identify potential problems associated with pumps (NAPTA Pumps).
6.7 Describe safety and environmental hazards associated with pumps (NAPTA
Pumps).
6.8 Describe the process technician’s role in pump operation and maintenance (NAPTA
Pumps).
6.9 Identify typical procedures associated with pumps (NAPTA Pumps).
Process Technology Equipment Chapter 6 Pumps
Page 4
Class Agenda
Activity
Minutes
PPTs
Handouts
(title, if
any)
1. Welcome to Class
1
1
2. Introduction and Agenda
2
2
3. Safety Minute
2
3
4. Objectives
1
4
5. Objectives (cont.)
1
5
6. Terms
2
6
7. Terms (cont.)
2
7
8. Selection of Pumps
2
8
9. Types of Pumps
2
9
10. Pumps
2
10
11. Centrifugal Pumps
1
11
12. Centrifugal Pump Components
3
12
13. Single-Stage Pumps
0.5
13
14. Multistage Pumps
0.5
14
15. Canned Pumps
1
15
16. Magnetic Drive Pumps
1
16
17. Jet Pumps
1
17
18. Axial Pumps
1
18
19. Lobe Pumps
1
19
20. Vane Pumps
1
20
21. Screw Pumps
1
21
22. Reciprocating Pumps
1
22
23. Piston Pumps
2
23
24. Plunger Pumps
1
24
25. Diaphragm Pumps
1
25
26. Associated Components
1
26
27. Associated Components (cont.)
2
27
28. More Associated Components
1
28
29. Operating Principles
1
29
30. Operating Principles (cont.)
1
30
31. Pump/System Curves
2
31
32. Potential Problems
1
32
33. Safety and Environmental Hazards
1
33
34. Process Technician’s Role in Operation and
Maintenance
1
34
35. Typical Procedures
1
35
36. Summary and Wrap-Up
4
36
Process Technology Equipment Chapter 6 Pumps
Page 5
Chapter 6 Lesson Plan
Welcome Everyone to Class
Time: 1 minute
Resources: Slide 1
Introduction and Agenda
Time: 2 minutes
Resources: Slide 2
Safety Minute
Time: 2 minutes
Resources: Slide 3
(Note to Instructor: Follow this procedure for the Safety Minute.)
Objectives
Time: 1 minute
Resources: Slide 4
Objectives (cont.)
Process Technology Equipment Chapter 6 Pumps
Page 6
Time: 1 minute
Resources: Slide 5
Terms
Time: 2 minutes
Resources: Slide 6
Sample Instructor Script:
Turn to the terms page in today’s chapter in the textbook. I’ll call on some of you to take
turns reading the term and definition aloud and then using that term in a sentence. Let’s
begin with the following terms:
• Axial pump
• Bearings
• Impeller
• Internal gear pump
• Liquid head
• Lobe pump
Terms (cont.)
Page 7
Time: 2 minutes
Resources: Slide 7
Sample Instructor Script:
Other terms process technicians should be familiar with include the following:
• Net positive suction head required
• Seal flush
• Single-acting piston pump
• Stuffing box
• Suction static head
6.1 Selection of Pumps
Time: 2 minutes
Resources: Slide 8
6.2 Types of Pumps
Process Technology Equipment Chapter 6 Pumps
Page 8
Time: 2 minutes
6.2.1 Pumps
Time: 2 minutes
Resources: Slide 10
Sample Instructor Script:
Many different types of pumps are used in the process industries. The most common
pump types include:
6.2.2 Centrifugal Pumps
Process Technology Equipment Chapter 6 Pumps
Page 9
Time: 1 minute
Resources: Slide 11
6.2.3 Centrifugal Pump Components
Time: 3 minutes
Resources: Slide 12
Sample Instructor Script:
The main components of a centrifugal pump include the suction, inlet (or suction eye),
outlet (also referred to as discharge), impeller, bearings and seals, shaft, and casing or
housing. You can see some of these and other components in the figure:
6.2.4 Single-Stage Pumps
Time: 0.5 minute
Resources: Slide 13
6.2.5 Multistage Pumps
Time: 0.5 minute
Resources: Slide 14
Process Technology Equipment Chapter 6 Pumps
Page 10
6.2.6 Canned Pumps
Time: 1 minute
Resources: Slide 15
6.2.7 Magnetic Drive Pumps
Time: 1 minute
Resources: Slide 16
6.2.8 Jet Pumps
Time: 1 minute
Resources: Slide 17
6.2.9 Axial Pumps
Time: 1 minute
Resources: Slide 18
Process Technology Equipment Chapter 6 Pumps
Page 11
6.2.10 Lobe Pumps
Time: 1 minute
Resources: Slide 19
6.2.11 Vane Pumps
Time: 1 minute
Resources: Slide 20
6.2.12 Screw Pumps
Time: 1 minute
Resources: Slide 21
6.2.13 Reciprocating Pumps
Time: 1 minute
Resources: Slide 22
6.2.14 Piston Pumps
Time: 2 minutes
Resources: Slide 23
Process Technology Equipment Chapter 6 Pumps
Page 12
Sample Instructor Script:
Piston pumps use a piston inside a cylinder within a casing to move liquids. Motor-
6.2.15 Plunger Pumps
Time: 1 minute
Resources: Slide 24
6.2.16 Diaphragm Pumps
Time: 1 minute
Resources: Slide 25
6.3 Associated Components
Time: 1 minute
Resources: Slide 26
6.3.1 Associated Components (cont.)
Time: 2 minutes
Resources: Slide 27
Process Technology Equipment Chapter 6 Pumps
Sample Instructor Script:
Pumps seals are devices used to contain process fluids within a piece of equipment
(such as a pump or mixer), while keeping out foreign materials. Seals are especially
6.3.2 More Associated Components
Time: 1 minute
Resources: Slide 28
6.4 Operating Principles
Time: 1 minute
Resources: Slide 29
6.4.1 Operating Principles (cont.)
Time: 1 minute
Resources: Slide 30
Process Technology Equipment Chapter 6 Pumps
Page 14
6.5 Pump/System Curves
Time: 2 minutes
Resources: Slide 31
Sample Instructor Script:
Pump curve is a specification that describes the relationship between flow rate and
head needed for correct operation of the pump. A system curve is a representation of
6.6 Potential Problems
Time: 1 minute
Resources: Slide 32
6.7 Safety and Environmental Hazards
Time: 1 minute
Resources: Slide 33
Sample Instructor Script:
Process Technology Equipment Chapter 6 Pumps
Page 15
6.8 Process Technician’s Role in Operation and Maintenance
Time: 1 minute
Resources: Slide 34
6.9 Typical Procedures
Time: 1 minute
Resources: Slide 35
Sample Instructor Script:
Typical procedures are used when working with pumps. For example, pump operation
and maintenance required by the process technician may include monitoring,
Suggested Student Activities
(Note to Instructor: Time permitting, do the activities listed below or possibly assign
them as homework. Be sure to remind students what to read for the next class.)
1. Using a cutaway model (or drawing) of a reciprocating piston pump, identify pump
components.
2. Using the pump curve in Figure 6.32 in your textbook, determine the head,
horsepower, and NPSH required for a 9-inch (23 cm) impeller at 600 gpm flow rate.
3. Using a pump model, demonstrate a task associated with typical pump operations,
such as lockout/tagout, start-up, or shutdown.
4. Demonstrate how you would perform the following maintenance and monitoring
activities on a typical pump:
5. Write a short paper comparing and contrasting the two sealing systems used by
pumps: mechanical packing and mechanical seals.
1. Which of the following is an application of pumps?
A. Supplying fire control water
B. Providing circulation for systems
C. Moving material between process vessels
D. All of the above
Process Technology Equipment Chapter 6 Pumps
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2. What category of pumps uses pistons, diaphragms, screws, lobes, gears, or
vanes to move or push liquids?
A. Dynamic pumps
B. Centrifugal pumps
C. Rotary pumps
D. Positive displacement pumps
3. What does vapor pressure affect in pump selection?
A. The liquid’s viscosity
B. Net positive suction head
C. The horsepower required by the pump
D. The pressure that exists at the suction beginning of a pump
Process Technology Equipment Chapter 6 Pumps
Page 18
4. What type of pump uses a propeller or row of blades to propel liquids in a
horizontal direction, parallel to the pump’s shaft?
A. Axial pump
B. Rotary pump
C. Centrifugal pump
D. Reciprocating pump
5. Which of the following is an advantage of a multistage centrifugal pump?
A. Low initial cost
B. Inexpensive parts
C. Requires a smaller amount of space
D. Decreased operating problems
6. What specialty pumps would you use to generate high pressures?
Process Technology Equipment Chapter 6 Pumps
A. Canned pumps
B. Axial pumps
C. High-speed centrifugal pumps
D. Jet pumps
7. Which of the following characteristics is true of screw pumps?
A. They can be used at low speeds.
B. They are inexpensive.
C. They have a low level of efficiency.
D. They have good suction characteristics.
8. What type of reciprocating pumps displaces liquid using a plunger and is very
similar to piston pumps?
A. Piston pumps
B. Plunger pumps
C. Diaphragm pumps
D. Rotary pumps
Process Technology Equipment Chapter 6 Pumps
9. What type of sealing arrangement for pumps is composed of two flat surfaces,
one stationary and one rotating with the shaft, that are in close contact with
each other to create a seal and prevent leakage?
A. Mechanical packing
B. Mechanical seal
C. Physical seal
D. Physical packing
10. What type of seal system uses pressurized liquid from the seal pot to
pressurize the seal in two directions: internally to the process, and externally
to the atmosphere?
A. Seal pot
B. Seal flush
C. Tandem seal
D. Double seal
