Process Technology Equipment
Chapter 17 Filters and Dryers
Page 1
CHAPTER 17 Filters and Dryers
Table of Contents
Contents
Page
Chapter Overview
2
Class Preparation Checklist
2
Chapter Objectives
2
Agenda
3
Lesson Plan
5
17.0 Filters and Dryers
17.1 Types of Filters and Dryers
7
7
17.2 Potential Problems with Filters and Dryers
17.3 Safety and Environmental Hazards
17.4 Process Technician’s Role in Operation and
Maintenance
17.5 Typical Procedures
14
16
16
17
Summary and Wrap-Up
19
Suggested Student Activities
19
End of Chapter Review Questions
20
Clicker Questions
Appendix
27
30
Process Technology Equipment
Chapter 17 Filters and Dryers
Page 2
CHAPTER 17 Filters and Dryers
Chapter Overview
In the process industries, filters are used to remove solid particles, and dryers are used
to remove moisture. Both filters and dryers vary in design, purpose, and process
requirements. The process technician is responsible for understanding the purpose of
each type of filter and dryer along with any associated components and is responsible
for the safe operation of both.
Chapter Objectives
17.1 Identify the purpose, common types, components, and applications of filters
and dryers (NAPTA Filters and NAPTA Dryers).
17.2 Identify potential problems associated with filters and dryers (NAPTA Filters
and NAPTA Dryers).
17.3 Describe safety and environmental hazards associated with filters and
dryers (NAPTA Filters and NAPTA Dryers).
17.4 Describe the process technician’s role in filter and dryer operation and
maintenance (NAPTA Filters and NAPTA Dryers).
17.5 Identify typical procedures associated with filters and dryers (NAPTA Filters
and NAPTA Dryers).
Process Technology Equipment
Chapter 17 Filters and Dryers
Page 3
Class Agenda
Activity
Minutes
PPTs
1. Welcome to Class
1
1
2. Introduction and Agenda
1
2
3. Safety Minute
2
3
4. Objectives
0.5
4
5. Objectives (cont.)
0.5
5
6. Terms
1
6
7. Terms (cont.)
1
7
8. Filters and Dryers
1
8
9. Types of Filters and Dryers
1
9
10. Types of Filters and Dryers (cont.)
1
10
11. Filters
1
11
12. Cartridge Filter
2
12
13. Bag Filter
1
13
14. Leaf Filter
1
14
15. Rotary Drum Filter
1
15
16. Fixed Bed Filter
1
16
17. Plate-and-Frame Filter
1
17
18. Strainer
1
18
19. Fixed Bed Dryer
3
19
20. Fluid Bed Dryer
1
20
21. Flash Dryers
2
21
22. Spray Dryer
1
22
23. Rotary Dryer
1
23
24. Slurry Dryer
1
24
25. Cyclone Separator
2
25
26. Potential Problems with Filters and Dryers
2
26
27. Breakthrough
1
27
28. Fouling
1
28
29. Channeling
1
29
30. Safety and Environmental Hazards
1
30
31. Safety and Environmental Hazards (cont.)
1
31
32. Process Technician’s Role in Operation and
Maintenance
2
32
33. Typical Procedures
1
33
34. Monitoring
1
34
35. Lockout/Tagout
2
35
36. Start-up, Commissioning, and Housekeeping
1
36
Process Technology Equipment
Chapter 17 Filters and Dryers
Page 4
37. Sampling
2
37
38. Summary and Wrap-Up
4
38
Process Technology Equipment
Chapter 17 Filters and Dryers
Page 5
Chapter 17 Lesson Plan
Welcome Everyone to Class
Time: 1 minute
Resources: Slide 1
Introduction and Agenda
Time: 1 minute
Resources: Slide 2
Safety Minute
Time: 2 minutes
Resources: Slide 3
Objectives
Time: 0.5 minute
Resources: Slide 4
Process Technology Equipment
Chapter 17 Filters and Dryers
Page 6
Process technicians must also be able to identify problems associated with filters and
dryers and describe safety and environmental hazards as they pertain to filters and
dryers.
Objectives (cont.)
Time: 0.5 minute
Resources: Slide 5
Terms
Time: 1 minute
Resources: Slide 6
Terms (cont.)
Time: 1 minute
Resources: Slide 7
Process Technology Equipment
Chapter 17 Filters and Dryers
Page 7
17.0 Filters and Dryers
Time: 1 minute
Resources: Slide 8
Sample Instructor Script:
17.1 Types of Filters and Dryers
Time: 1 minute
Resources: Slide 9
Process Technology Equipment
Chapter 17 Filters and Dryers
Page 8
Gravity filters use gravitational forces to remove particles. The process feed enters at
17.1.1 Types of Filters and Dryers (cont.)
Time: 1 minute
Resources: Slide 10
common are fixed bed, fluid bed, flash, spray, and rotary dryers.
17.1.2 Filters
Time: 1 minute
Resources: Slide 11
Sample Instructor Script:
The main component of a filter system is the filter unit itself. All filter systems have a
17.1.3 Cartridge Filter
Time: 2 minutes
Resources: Slide 12
Sample Instructor Script:
Cartridge filters, the most common types of filters, use a fine mesh that is tightly folded
or pleated to remove suspended contaminants from a liquid. These types of filters
Process Technology Equipment
Chapter 17 Filters and Dryers
Page 9
17.1.4 Bag Filter
Time: 1 minute
Resources: Slide 13
17.1.5 Leaf Filter
Time: 1 minute
Resources: Slide 14
Sample Instructor Script:
A leaf filter uses a filter aid on a fine mesh screen, located inside the filter vessel, to hold
Process Technology Equipment
Chapter 17 Filters and Dryers
Page 10
17.1.6 Rotary Drum Filter
Time: 1 minute
Resources: Slide 15
17.1.7 Fixed Bed Filter
Time: 1 minute
Resources: Slide 16
Sample Instructor Script:
17.1.8 Plate–and–Frame Filter
Time: 1 minute
Resources: Slide 17
Sample Instructor Script:
Process Technology Equipment
Chapter 17 Filters and Dryers
Page 11
17.1.9 Strainer
Time: 1 minute
Resources: Slide 18
Sample Instructor Script:
A strainer is a metal screen installed in a line to trap and remove impurities from a
17.1.10 Fixed Bed Dryer
Time: 3 minutes
Resources: Slide 19
Sample Instructor Script:
Fixed bed dryers use desiccants (substances that attract and adsorb moisture) to
Process Technology Equipment
Chapter 17 Filters and Dryers
Page 12
17.1.11 Fluid Bed Dryer
Time: 1 minute
Resources: Slide 20
Sample Instructor Script:
17.1.12 Flash Dryers
Time: 2 minutes
Resources: Slide 21
Sample Instructor Script:
Flash dryers are devices that force hot gas (usually air or nitrogen) through a vertical or
17.1.13 Spray Dryer
Time: 1 minute
Resources: Slide 22
Sample Instructor Script:
A spray dryer is a device that sprays a moist feed stream into a vertical drying chamber,
using a nozzle or rotary wheel. The nozzle or rotary wheel atomizes (makes into a fine
Process Technology Equipment
Chapter 17 Filters and Dryers
Page 13
17.1.14 Rotary Dryer
Time: 1 minute
Resources: Slide 23
Sample Instructor Script:
Rotary dryers are composed of large, rotating, cylindrical tubes that reduce the moisture
content of material by bringing it into direct contact with a heated gas. Rotary dryers
17.1.15 Slurry Dryer
Time: 1 minute
Resources: Slide 24
17.1.16 Cyclone Separator
Time: 2 minutes
Resources: Slide 25
Process Technology Equipment
Chapter 17 Filters and Dryers
Page 14
Sample Instructor Script:
A cyclone separator, or simply a cyclone, is a mechanical device that uses a swirling
17.2 Potential Problems with Filters and Dryers
Time: 2 minutes
Resources: Slide 26
Sample Instructor Script:
Operating filters and dryers improperly, or not following procedures, can have a severe
negative impact on downstream processes and the quality of the product.
17.2.1 Breakthrough
Time: 1 minute
Resources: Slide 27
Process Technology Equipment
Chapter 17 Filters and Dryers
Page 15
Sample Instructor Script:
In the case of a dryer, moisture breakthrough occurs when the dryer output contains
17.2.2 Fouling
Time: 1 minute
Resources: Slide 28
taken offline for cleaning or replacement.
17.2.3 Channeling
Time: 1 minute
Resources: Slide 29
Sample Instructor Script:
Channeling occurs when a path is formed through the dryer or filter that allows feed to
Process Technology Equipment
Chapter 17 Filters and Dryers
Page 16
17.3 Safety and Environmental Hazards
Time: 1 minute
Resources: Slide 30
Sample Instructor Script:
The improper operation of equipment in filter and dryer systems can affect personnel
safety, equipment, production, and the environment.
17.3.1 Safety and Environmental Hazards (cont.)
Time: 1 minute
Resources: Slide 31
17.4 Process Technician’s Role in Operation and Maintenance
Time: 2 minutes
Resources: Slide 32
Process Technology Equipment
Chapter 17 Filters and Dryers
Page 17
technicians should look, listen, and check the following details when monitoring filters
and dryers:
Listen
Check
17.5 Typical Procedures
Time: 1 minute
Resources: Slide 33
Sample Instructor Script:
17.5.1 Monitoring
Time: 1 minute
Resources: Slide 34