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B: Documentation of Report Sources
B-1
APPENDIX B: DOCUMENTATION OF REPORT SOURCES
APPENDIX OUTLINE
Chicago Humanities Style
In-Text Citation—Chicago Humanities Style
Bibliography—Chicago Humanities Style
APA Style
In-Text Citation—APA Style
List of References—APA Style
MLA Style
In-Text Citation—MLA Style
List of Works Cited—MLA Style
TEACHING NOTES
Providing information about your sources:
If your employer uses a particular style for documentation, adopt and use that style.
Whatever style you use, be consistent.
All styles break bibliographic information into parts:
Information about the author (name)
Information about the work (title, edition, volume number)
Chicago Humanities Style
Documentary-note (or humanities) system, which:
Gives bibliographic citations in notes (either footnotes or endnotes)
Is often used in literature, history, and the arts
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Author-date system, which:
parentheses)
Reserves full documentation for the reference list (or bibliography)
Chicago’s humanities system relies on superscripts (Arabic numerals placed just above the line of type at
the end of the reference).
Note preferences differ:
Some readers prefer footnotes so they can simply glance at the bottom of the page for information.
from the end of the page.
A good compromise is to use footnotes for content notes and endnotes for source notes.
Content notes serve several purposes:
To supplement the text with asides about a particular issue or event
Source notes are used to document:
Direct quotations
bibliography is optional.
When using Chicago style, the bibliography may be titled:
Bibliography
Annotate each entry.
Subdivide the list into categories (either by type of reference or subject matter).
To prepare a bibliography using Chicago style, follow these major conventions:
For all entries:
Exclude any page numbers already cited in source notes.
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Author name
Title information
other important words.
Italicize book, newspaper, journal, and magazine titles.
For journal articles:
Include the volume and issue number.
Enclose the year of publication in parentheses and follow with a colon.
Include page range.
For electronic references:
APA Style
The American Psychological Association (APA) recommends the author-date system, which is popular in
physical, natural, and social sciences.
To use the APA’s author-date system:
Include the following in parentheses:
Omit the author’s name from parenthetical material if you’ve already mentioned it in text.
APA style recommends that the reference list include only those works that are actually cited in the
report.
To prepare a list of references using APA style, follow these major conventions:
For all entries:
Format as hanging indents.
Author name
Date
Title information
Publication information
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For journal articles:
Include personal communications only in the text, not in reference lists.
For electronic references:
source.
Indicate the year of actual publication, the exact date of retrieval.
Specify the URL (leaving periods off the ends).
MLA Style
for language and literature.
To use MLA’s style:
Include the following in parentheses:
Author’s last name
Page reference
Omit the author’s name from parenthetical material if it’s already mentioned in the text.
For all entries:
Format each one as a hanging indent.
Arrange the information in each entry as follows:
Author name
Title information
Publication information
Date
Periodical page range
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List the lead author’s name in reverse order; list second and succeeding author names in normal
order.
For journal articles:
Include volume and issue numbers.
For electronic sources:
Make citations as comprehensive as possible.
Include the URL.
