6. a. youth: 5; middle age: 12.5; old age: 12.5
d. By allowing people to borrow to consume when young, financial liberalization may lead
7. a. Expected value of earnings during middle age is 0.5($40,000+$100,000)=$70,000.
b. In the worst case, the EPDV of lifetime earnings = $60,000.
c. Consumption in youth is $20,000; in middle age is $50,000; and in old age is $50,000.
Explore Further
8. a-c. Between 1960 and 20144, consumption accounted for 63% of GDP on average and
9. a. Consumers may be more optimistic about the future (and spend more) when disposable
b. There could be a weak positive relationship between
c. The overall relationship between the percent change in disposable income and the change
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