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20 Minutes, Easy PROBLEM 22.7B
EASTRISE CORPORATION
Mower Division Sales = 10,000 units × $600 = $6,000,000
PROBLEM 22.8B
WESTMINSTER, INC.
a.
(2)
40 Minutes, Medium
Frame Division Variable Costs = 5,500 units × $72 = $396,000
Works Division Variable Costs = 3,000 units × ($135 + $85) = $660,000
Entire Company Variable Costs = (5,500 units × $72) + (3,000 units × $85) = $651,000
Using the market price, the pre-tax operating profit for each division and for the company as
a whole:
Works Division Sales = 3,000 units × $275 = $825,000
Entire Company Sales = $825,000 + [$135 × (5,500 - 3,000)] = $1,162,500
PROBLEM 22.8B
WESTMINSTER, INC. (concluded)
c.
Transfer prices generate accounting entries to show the flow of goods between departments.
One department records the transfer price as revenue, while the other department records
SOLUTIONS TO CRITICAL THINKING CASE
S
CASE 22.1
LAND’S END HOTEL
a.
35 Minutes, Medium
Evaluation of Chamberlain’s comments:
A basic purpose of a responsibility accounting system is to measure the performance of
specific responsibility centers. This means that the revenue and costs upon which a center
is evaluated should be traceable directly to that center and, ideally, be under the center
performance may be obscured; the performance of strong profit centers may be
understated, and the performance of weaker centers may be overstated since these
centers are charged with less costs.
Furthermore, traceable fixed costs may be divided into the subcategories of controllable
fixed costs and committed fixed costs. This enables the responsibility income statement to
show as a subtotal (performance margin) those aspects of the center’s operations that are
readily controllable by the center manager.
We recommend that the revenue of a center should be offset only by the related variable
costs and by those fixed costs that are directly traceable to the center. Common fixed
costs—those that jointly benefit several profit centers—should not be allocated among the
centers deriving benefit. Thus, the responsibility income statement includes only those
costs directly traceable to the center’s activities.
In summary, Chamberlain’s criticisms of the existing approach to assigning costs to
profit centers are valid. His suggestion that fixed costs should instead be allocated in
by a department may be a matter of circumstances not under the center’s manager’s
direct control. Mettenburg, for example, does not have the option of “shrinking” the
Sunset Lounge.
The criticisms of the two managers point out that any allocation of common costs is
necessarily arbitrary, rewarding some profit centers, but penalizing others.
CASE 22.2
a.
OSBORN DIVERSIFIED PRODUCTS, INC.
Financially, the $40,000 error is not apt to significantly damage Osborn. However, this
does not mean that Jim should keep the money and let the error go unreported. Jim has
an ethical responsibility to make the company aware of its mistake. To do otherwise is the
CASE 22.3
a.
HOSPITAL PROFIT CENTERS
30 Minutes, Medium
Student answers will vary. However, suggested profit centers include: Emergency room,
pediatrics, intensive care, knee/hip replacement surgeries, cafeteria, dialysis center, etc.
Suggested cost centers include: housekeeping, admissions, laundry, building maintenance,
CASE 22.
4
a.
30 Minutes, Medium
Given the diverse nature of the products supplied by General Mills, there are many ways
in which to organize responsibility centers. One way would be to define responsibility
centers based on major product groups such as cereals, baked goods, snacks, dairy, and
GENERAL MILLS AND THE KIRBY COMPANY
CASE 22.5
20 Minutes, Medium
ETHICS, FRAUD & CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
Student answers will vary considerably, but one issue that can be discussed about the ethics
University Ethics
