If the market rate on the issue date had been 12% instead of 10%, the bonds
would have sold at a discount because the contract rate of 11% would have been
lower than the market rate. This change would affect the balance sheet because
the bond liability would be smaller (par value minus a discount instead of par
value plus a premium). As the years passed, the bond liability would increase
with amortization of the discount instead of decreasing with amortization of the
premium. The income statement would show larger amounts of bond interest
expense over the life of the bonds issued at a discount than it would show if the
bonds had been issued at a premium. The statement of cash flows would show
a smaller amount of cash received from borrowing. However, the cash flow
statements presented over the life of the bonds (after issuance) would report the
same total amount of cash paid for interest. This amount is fixed as it is the
product of the contract rate and the par value of the bonds and is unaffected by
the change in the market rate.