978-0073402987 Chapter 6 Section 6.1 Data, Information, And Databases

Type

Solution Manual

Book Title

Business Driven Information Systems 5th Edition

ISBN 13

978-0073402987

978-0073402987 Chapter 6 Section 6.1 Data, Information, And Databases

April 4, 2019

databases and data

warehouseS

Information is powerful. Information tells an organization everything from

how its current operations are performing to estimating and strategizing how

future operations might perform. New perspectives open up when people

have the right information and know how to use it. The ability to understand,

digest, analyze, and filter information is a key to success for any professional

in any industry.

SECTION 6.1 – DATA, INFORMATION, AND DATABASES

The Business Benefits of High Quality Information

Storing Information Using a Relational Database Management System

Using a Relational Database for Business Advantages

Driving Websites with Data

SECTION 6.2 – BUSINESS INTELLIGENCE

Supporting Decisions with Business Intelligence

The Business Benefits of Data Warehousing

The Power of Big Data Analytics

CHAPTER

SECTION 6.1

Data, INFORMATION, and databases

This section provides a discussion on the issues found in low quality

information and how to obtain high quality information. The section primarily

focuses on the relational database model. It introduces students to entities,

attributes, primary keys, foreign keys, and data driven websites.

LEARNING OUTCOMES

Learning Outcome 6.1: Explain the four primary traits that

determine the value of information.

Information is data converted into a meaningful and useful context.

Information can tell an organization how its current operations are

performing and help it estimate and strategize about how future operations

might perform. It is important to understand the di.erent levels, formats,

and granularities of information along with the four primary traits that help

determine the value of information, which include (1) information type:

transactional and analytical; (2) information timeliness; (3) information

quality; (4) information governance.

Learning Outcome 6.2: Describe a database, a database

management system, and the relational database model.

A database maintains information about various types of objects (inventory),

events (transactions), people (employees), and places (warehouses). A

database management system (DBMS) creates, reads, updates, and deletes

data in a database while controlling access and security. A DBMS provides

methodologies for creating, updating, storing, and retrieving data in a

database. In addition, a DBMS provides facilities for controlling data access

and security, allowing data sharing, and enforcing data integrity. The

relational database model allows users to create, read, update, and delete

data in a relational database.

Learning Outcome 6.3: Identify the business advantages of a

relational database.

Many business managers are familiar with Excel and other spreadsheet

programs they can use to store business data. Although spreadsheets are

excellent for supporting some data analysis, they o.er limited functionality in

terms of security, accessibility, and 8exibility and can rarely scale to support

business growth. From a business perspective, relational databases o.er

many advantages over using a text document or a spreadsheet, including

increased 8exibility, increased scalability and performance, reduced

information redundancy, increased information integrity (quality), and

increased information security.

Learning Outcome 6.4: Explain the business benefit of a

data-driven website.

A data-driven website is an interactive website kept constantly updated and

relevant to the needs of its customers using a database. Data-driven

capabilities are especially useful when the website o.ers a great deal of

information, products, or services because visitors are frequently annoyed if

they are buried under an avalanche of information when searching a website.

Many companies use the Web to make some of the information in their

internal databases available to customers and business partners.

CLASSROOM OPENER

GREAT BUSINESS DECISIONS – Julius Reuter Uses Carrier

Pigeons to Transfer Information

In 1850, the idea that sending and receiving information could add business

value was born. Julius Reuter began a business that bridged the gap between

Belgium and Germany. Reuter built one of the first information management

companies built on the premise that customers would be prepared to pay for

information that was timely and accurate.

Reuter used carrier pigeons to forward stock market and commodity prices

from Brussels to Germany. Customers quickly realized that with the early

receipt of vital information they could make fortunes. Those who had money

at stake in the stock market were prepared to pay handsomely for early

information from a reputable source, even if it was a pigeon. Eventually,

Reuter’s business grew from 45 pigeons to over 200 pigeons.

Eventually the telegraph bridged the gap between Brussels to Germany, and

Reuter’s brilliantly conceived temporary monopoly was closed.

CLASSROOM OPENER

GREAT BUSINESS DECISIONS – Edgar Codd’s Relational

Database Theory

Edgar Frank Codd was born at Portland, Dorset, in England. He studied

mathematics and chemistry at Exeter College, Oxford, before serving as a

pilot in the Royal Air Force during the Second World War. In 1948, he moved

to New York to work for IBM as a mathematical programmer. In 1953 Codd

moved to Ottawa, Canada. A decade later he returned to the USA and

received his doctorate in computer science from the University of Michigan in

Ann Arbor. Two years later he moved to San Jose, California to work at IBM's

Almaden Research Center.

In the 1960s and 1970s he worked out his theories of data arrangement,

issuing his paper "A Relational Model of Data for Large Shared Data Banks" in

1970, after an internal IBM paper one year earlier. To his disappointment, IBM

proved slow to exploit his suggestions until commercial rivals started

implementing them.

Initially, IBM refused to implement the relational model in order to preserve

revenue from IMS/DB. Codd then showed IBM customers the potential of the

implementation of its model, and they in turn pressured IBM. Then IBM

included in its Future System project a System R subproject — but put in

charge of it were developers who were not thoroughly familiar with Codd's

ideas, and isolated the team from Codd. As a result, they did not use Codd's

own Alpha language but created a non-relational one, SEQUEL. Even so,

SEQUEL was so superior to pre-relational systems that it was copied, based

on pre-launch papers presented at conferences, by Larry Ellison in his Oracle

DBMS, which actually reached market before SQL/DS — due to the

then-already proprietary status of the original moniker, SEQUEL had been

renamed SQL.

Codd continued to develop and extend his relational model, sometimes in

collaboration with Chris Date. One of the normalized forms, the Boyce-Codd

Normal Form, is named after Codd. Codd also coined the term OLAP and

wrote the twelve laws of online analytical processing, although these were

never truly accepted after it came out that his white paper on the subject

was paid for by a software vendor. Edgar F. Codd died of heart failure at his

home in Williams Island, Florida at the age of 79 on Friday, April 18, 2003.

CLASSROOM EXERCISE

Understanding Quality Information

Break your students into groups and ask them to compile a list of all of the

issues found in the following information. Ask your students to also list why

most low quality information errors occur and what an organization can do to

help implement high quality information.

Custo

mer ID

Custo

mer

First

Name

Custome

r Last

Name

Address City Sta

te Zip Phone

1771 Larry Shimk 143 S. Denver NY 1789

911

Custo

mer ID

Custo

mer

First

Name

Custome

r Last

Name

Address City Sta

te Zip Phone

1771 Carolin

Shimk 143 N.

West St.

Bu.alo NY 1432

716-333-4567

1772 Shimk Caroline 143 N.

West St.

Bu.alo NY 1432

716-333-4567

1772 Heathe

Schwiter 55 N. W.

S. Miss

LaGran

GA 1432

716-333-4567

1772 Debbie Fernande

S. Main St. Denver CO 8025

333-8965

1772 Debbie Fernande

S. Main St. Denver CO 8025

333-8965

1773 Justin Justin 34 Kerry

Rd.

Littleton CO 9898

716-67-9087

1774 Pam 66 S.

Carlton

North

Glen

CO 9876

343-456-6857

CLASSROOM EXERCISE

Building an ER Diagram

Break your students into groups and ask them to create an entity

relationship diagram similar to the one in Figure 6.5 for a company or

product of their choice. If the students are uncomfortable with databases,

you should recommend that they stick to a company similar to the TCCBCE,

perhaps a snack food producer, mountain bike equipment producer, or even

a footwear producer. If your students are more comfortable with databases,

ask them to choose a company that would challenge them such as a fast

food restaurant, online book seller, or even a university’s course registration

system.

The important part of this exercise is for your students to begin to

understand how the tables in a database relate. Be sure their ER diagrams

include primary keys and foreign keys. Have your students present their ER

diagrams to the class and ask the students to find any potential errors with

the diagrams.

CORE MATERIAL

The core chapter material is covered in detail in the PowerPoint slides. Each

slide contains detailed teaching notes including exercises, class activities,

questions, and examples. Please review the PowerPoint slides for detailed

notes on how to teach and enhance the core chapter material.

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