Chapter 18: Beef and Dairy Cattle Breed Identification and Production Management
TRUE/FALSE
1. All cattle are difficult to restrain.
2. Cattle with horns are dangerous.
3. Cattle kick to the rear, much like a horse.
4. Reefing is moving a cow by making quiet and slow movements toward the cow to make it
move away from the handler.
5. Petting a cow’s head will relax it.
6. A metal bar over the hips can be used as an anti-kick device.
7. A cow can be trained to lead.
8. A square knot is often used to tie a cow.
9. Jacking the tail is using a twisting motion.
10. Cows are not easily scared or frightened.
11. Dairy cattle are more docile than beef cattle.
12. Cows typically kick out to the side.
13. A stanchion holds a cow still and prevents it from kicking.
14. Cow tails can cause injury to people.
15. Cows that are aggressive lower their heads to the ground.
16. Square knots easily pull apart.
17. A nose ring is placed in the nasal septum of cattle.
18. Cows with horns should be placed so the horn is behind the handler.
19. A person should stand further away from the rear legs since cattle only kick 2-3 feet.
20. Anthelmintics should be rotated each time they are administered to prevent resistance.
21. Slid manure systems are commonly used in large cattle production systems.
22. Cattle produce 15% of their body weight in wastes on a daily basis.
MATCHING
Match the following terms with the correct definition.
a.
hay, grass or pasture food sources
b.
chemical that causes tissue to burn
c.
using a rope to restrain cattle by placing them on the ground
d.
instrument used to crush the spermatic cord during castration procedures in cattle
e.
moving cattle by slowly moving toward the shoulder to allow a cow to move away
f.
tiny structures in the mammary gland that convert nutrients to milk
g.
air in the stomach that causes the stomach to swell
h.
instrument used to apply bands for castration procedures in cattle
i.
sections of the mammary glands that store milk
j.
inflammation of the mammary glands
k.
device used to control the head and body of cattle for restraint procedures
l.
applying milk machine devices to the udders to begin milking
m.
term for dewormers
1. emasculator
2. mastitis
3. bloat
4. anthelmintic
5. roughage
6. primed
7. stanchion
8. quarters
9. pushing
10. caustic
Match the following terms with the correct definition.
a.
dry period
m.
steer
b.
lactation
n.
quarters
c.
sound
o.
primed
d.
progeny
p.
culled
e.
bovine
q.
heifer
f.
alveoli
r.
freshening
g.
pedigree
s.
finishing system
h.
springing heifer
t.
concentrators
i.
cow-calf system
u.
reefing
j.
freemartin
v.
back grounding system
k.
market weight
w.
selection guidelines
l.
DHI program
x.
feedlot size
11. the process of producing milk from the mammary gland
12. to remove from the herd
13. castrated male cow
14. no signs of injuries or lameness
15. veterinary term for cows
16. production system that raises a calf to market size to make a profit
17. ideal calf size for meat or beef production
18. 50-60 days that milk production is stopped
19. a young female cow pregnant with the first calf
20. production system that raises a cow through the entire adult stage
21. the parents breeding lines
22. bag-like structure on the mammary gland
23. using a rope to place a cow on the ground for restraint
24. offspring of cattle
25. states the standards of the cow type and how it should be chosen for a production program
26. production testing and record-keeping system for dairy cattle
27. production system where calves are raised and bred as adults in a breeding program
28. applying milking machine devices to the udders for milking
29. tiny structures within the udder that convert nutrients to milk
30. mixture of foods high in energy and fat
31. adult size between 1100 and 1300 pounds
32. young female cow that has not yet been bred
COMPLETION
1. The estimated traits of bulls and cows that determine if their young will produce superior or
inferior characteristics is called __________________.
2. Cattle are usually fed ____ to ____ times a day.
3. Hay that is high in protein and fed to cattle is called _____________.
4. The ________________ is the person responsible for keeping herd health and breeding
records.
5. __________________ is used with hair or blood to determine a cow’s parents or breeding
lines.
6. Banding causes the tissue of the testicles to ___________________, or fall off.
7. Brucellosis is commonly called ______________ disease.
8. Calves are usually fed using ___________________ to prevent the adult cows from eating
their food.
9. ____________________ chemicals are used in dehorning procedures, which burn the tissue to
prevent horn bud growth.
10. Reproductive diseases in cattle can cause __________________, which means the adult cattle
are not able to reproduce.
11. The cattle disease fired nose” is the common name for ___________________.
12. Leptospirosis is spread by contact with ______________________.
13. _________________ is the inflammation of the mammary gland.
14. The ___________________ is the test used to measure the level of infection within the
mammary gland.
15. When the bovine stomach rotates out of place, this condition is known as
_____________________.
16. A retained placenta can lead to ___________________, in which toxins build up in the
bloodstream.
17. A __________________ disease occurs as a change in the body’s chemicals usually from a
stressful condition.
18. Hypocalcaemia is commonly called ______________ due to a low blood calcium level in the
milk.
19. Dewormers is the common term for __________________________.
20. ______________ are used for storing food and grains to prevent moisture from damaging the
feed.
21. One cow can produce _________ to ______ tons of manure wastes per year.
22. The average score of a cow’s body on a body condition scoring chart is _________.
SHORT ANSWER
1. List 5 herd health practices in a cattle production program.
2. List 4 types of permanent identification methods used with cattle.
3. List 3 signs of bovine viral diarrhea (BVD).
4. List 2 ways that cattle may be housed.
5. List 3 ways to control insects in cattle.
6. List 4 rules or regulations that are used by the DHI program.
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. The term for a cow or dairy animal in labor is called:
a.
freemartin
c.
springing
b.
freshening
d.
heifer
2. Which production system’s goal is to raise a calf to market size and then sell it for profit?
a.
back grounding system
c.
finishing system
b.
cow-calf system
d.
feedlot system
3. What is the gestation length of a cow?
a.
180 days
c.
195 days
b.
283 days
d.
205 days
4. What amount of milk is made up of water?
a.
50%
c.
99%
b.
65%
d.
87%
5. Which of the following diseases is a reproductive disease that may cause sterility and abortion
in cattle?
a.
leptospirosis
c.
brucellosis
b.
bovine viral diarrhea
d.
displaced abomasum
6. Which of the following diseases is NOT zoonotic?
a.
Bang’s disease
c.
brucellosis
b.
mastitis
d.
leptospirosis
7. Which of the following metabolic conditions causes low blood sugar?
a.
ketosis
c.
grass tetany
b.
bloat
d.
mastitis