According to cultural studies, communication is a unique discipline that should remain
separate from other academic disciplines within the overall structure of the university.
The tension between openness and closedness results in cycles of disclosure and
withdrawal.
Deetz’s communication model derives from Shannon and Weaver.
Text and message can be used synonymously.
Though many have questioned Berger’s theory, even his critics accept that uncertainty
reduction is the key to understanding early encounters.
If involvement does not lead to participation, it can create worker cynicism.
According to Hall, any theory that deconstructs the current structure of media studies
should be loudly denounced as supporting the power structure of the elite.
The very scope of CMM makes its central tenets difficult to pin down.
Geertz and Pacanowsky maintain that the way to understand a culture is to observe it as
a stranger in a foreign land.
Effective theories describe and predict only those objective facts that can be sensed by
an individual and will not speculate about the subjective meanings inside our heads.
Douglas Kellner’s analysis suggests that the media portrayed the Gulf War in terms that
were too complex for the average citizen to understand.
Hall’s most positive contribution to mass communication study is his constant reminder
that it is futile to talk about meaning without considering power at the same time.
Petronio contends that with attention and time, privacy management is relatively
simple.
A scapegoat is the target of victimage.
Each thread of communication presents unified ideas with which each theory/theorist is
in agreement with each other.
Walther failed to confirm his theory through experimental testing.
Performance ethnographers reject the expository style of most reports of ethnographic
research.
The significance of speaking depends on the speech codes used by speakers and
listeners to create and interpret their communication.
The less reward offered to perform a behavior, the greater the cognitive dissonance.
An episode is a communication routine or sequence that is “nounable.”
Comments that lack imagery are considered dramatizing messages.
Although surveys are of immense help in describing what is happening, they are of no
value in validating a theory.
Cognitive dissonance is not prompted by threats or punishments, only by promises or
rewards.
A default assumption demonstrates how a belief inscribed in our language can limit our
thinking.
Wood’s study of caregiving in the United States demonstrated that women are naturally
suited for caregiving because of their maternal instinct.
Barthes believed mythic signs reinforce the dominant values of their culture.
Burgoon’s theory focuses exclusively on nonverbal behavior.
Not all co-owners come into ownership naturally, intentionally, or willingly.
For Deetz, corporate control of communication enhances the experience of employees
and all other stakeholders.
Experiences that take place early in a relationship will have relatively little impact on
the relationship until it is well established.
Group members have an equal opportunity to participate in the forming of a group’s
fantasy.
Although social judgment theory is rich in practical application, it is not known for its
intuitive appeal.
Deetz believes that there is no legitimate basis for privileging one group of stakeholders
over another.
Motivation and ability strongly increase the likelihood that a message will be elaborated
in the minds of listeners.
A good objective theory is falsifiable.
Unfortunately, Barthes’ writing style is dull, ponderous, and overly predictable.
According to Walther, over an extended period of time, what will happen to CMC
relationships?
A.They will fade out.
B.They will be similar in intimacy to those developed face-to-face.
C.They will be more impersonal.
D.They will last longer.
For Aristotle, metaphor was a key component of
A.invention.
B.delivery.
C.style.
D.memory.
Overall, listeners who interpret convergence as a speaker’s desire to break down cultural
barriers react
A.competently.
B.favorably.
C.hostilely.
D.relationally.
Baxter and Montgomery suggest that all people desire to have
A.certainty in their relationships.
B.novelty in their relationships.
C.concealment in their relationships.
D.All of the answers are correct
Sherif calls the perception that a message within the latitude of rejection is more
discrepant from the anchor point than it actually is, is called
A.selection.
B.assimilation.
C.contrast.
D.de-anchoring.
A term describing a person’s physical characteristics, talents, occupation, background,
personality, and values is
A.culture.
B.substance.
C.socioeconomic being.
D.purpose.
Gerbner found that
A.over half of prime-time programs contain violence.
B.the rate of violence on television has increased over the years.
C.blue-collar workers are less likely to be victimized on television than white-collar
executives.
D.All of the answers are correct
Kramarae found that the most notable characteristic of women in cartoons was their
A.subservience.
B.negative stereotype.
C.absence.
D.family orientation.
If the central route is followed, the enhanced thinking of those who respond favorably
to the message will cause their change in position to
A.persist over time.
B.resist counterpersuasion.
C.predict future behavior.
D.All of the answers are correct
The “me” aspect of a person’s self is
A.primarily genetic and remains immutable through life.
B.the source of motivation for action.
C.developed through discourse with others.
D.All of the answers are correct
For the CMM theorist(s), what is the highest virtue of a theory?
A.Practical utility: A useful theory
B.Aesthetic appeal: A “pretty” theory
C.Parsimony: An simple theory
D.Falsifiability: A testable theory
Which of the following statements is a succinct summary of Fisher’s narrative
paradigm?
A.All of life is drama; most acts of public communication are efforts to expunge guilt.
B.In order for groups to come together, they must shift their viewpoints so as to see the
world the same way.
C.People are essentially storytellers who respond favorably to stories that ring true and
with which we can identify.
D.Television is a dominant force because it tells stories.
Social judgment theory has been criticized because
A.Sherif’s survey research was flawed.
B.it is a mechanistic approach to persuasion.
C.application of the theory raises ethical problems.
D.Both “it is a mechanistic approach to persuasion” and “application of the theory
raises ethical problems”
Women’s behavior when interrupting another person to add a word of agreement or
show support is called
A.stroking.
B.merging talk.
C.cooperative overlap.
D.rapport talk.
McLuhan claimed that the “primitive” people of the tribal village
A.had well-developed senses of hearing, touch, taste, and smell.
B.were dominated by the right hemisphere of the brain.
C.led richer, more complex lives than their literate descendants.
D.All of the answers are correct
Accounting for the _______________ of the media environment means considering
both incremental and sudden changes.
A.complexity
B.determinism
C.simplicity
D.variability
Geertz would regard the quest to alter culture as
A.appropriate if carefully planned and monitored.
B.the most important role of management.
C.easily achieved in the corporate world because of top-down control.
D.None of the answers are correct
Which of the canons of rhetoric was not a particular concern of Aristotle’s?
A.delivery
B.style
C.invention
D.memory
Work teams assigned to accomplish a goal are referred to as
A.Cadres.
B.Units.
C.Breakout groups.
D.Cabals.
The “I’d like to be like Mike” commercial Griffin discusses
A.suggests a second-order signified that glorifies unfulfilled desire.
B.challenges the status quo through its valorization of an African-American hero.
C.deliberately manipulates stereotypes and imagery to create a counterculture
connotative system.
D.All of the answers are correct
Optimum disclosure will occur when both parties believe that
A.Outcome < CLalt < CL.
B.Outcome > CL > CLalt.
C.CLalt > Outcome > CL.
D.Outcome > CLalt > CL.
Bottom-up thinking is also known as
A.objective elaboration.
B.biased elaboration.
C.equal elaboration.
D.purposeful elaboration.
McLuhan has been criticized because
A.he relies too heavily on empirical data.
B.his work demonstrates a Canadian bias.
C.media ecology is difficult to test.
D.Both “his work demonstrates a Canadian bias” and “media ecology is difficult to test”
According to Bormann, what is the relationship between fantasies and the development
of a group’s shared identity or consciousness?
A.Fantasies tend to derail a group’s bonding efforts
B.Groups who do little fantasizing tend to be highly attractive to others and cohesive
C.Sharing fantasies causes the transformation
D.When a group is able to push fantasies aside, they can get to a shared identity
Barthes held that the relationship between nonverbal signifiers and signifieds was
A.arbitrary.
B.quasi-arbitrary.
C.causal.
D.symbiotic.
Which of the following is not featured as a context for interpreting a speech act?
A.episode
B.contract
C.self-concept
D.culture
A _____________________ relationship develops when viewers become attached to
media personalities and characters.
A.gratification
B.mediated
C.paranormal
D.parasocial
When a recipient agrees to allow the original owner of private information to make
decisions regarding further disclosure and control, which term does Petronio use to
describe the confidant?
A.Participatory owner
B.Secondary owner
C.Shareholder
D.Silent partner
Mead believed that the best way to study the phenomena we now know today as
symbolic interactionism is through
A.participant observation.
B.survey research.
C.textual analysis.
D.experimentation.
Both speaking out on oppression and linking that subjugation with the communication
media are incorporated in the term
A.connotation.
B.articulation.
C.information.
D.overdetermination.
The canon of rhetoric that includes topoi is
A.invention.
B.arrangement.
C.style.
D.delivery.
According to Giles, the main motivation to converge is
A.anxiety management.
B.desire for social approval.
C.personal individualization.
D.relational development and intimacy.
According to Russian philosopher Mikhail Bakhtin, without ___________________
there is no relationship.
Once we are “co-owners” of information, Petronio suggests that three areas or issues
must be negotiated. _________, ___________ & ___________.
The end goal for Hirokawa and Gouran is ___________________.
Groups which tend to gravitate toward the “con” or downsides of given alternative are
said to have a _____________________________________.
Perceptual distortion can lead to __________________, where an ideas seems more
opposition than it is, or ___________________ where it is seen as more in line with
one’s own thinking that it is in actuality.
________________ proofs are those not created by the speaker such as a letter or
testimony of a witness.
At the core, agenda-setting theory argues that media agenda is the _______________
and that the public’s agenda is the _______________________.
The sign is a combination of _________________ and _________________.
The early mantra of agenda setting was “The media aren’t very successful in telling us
what to think but _____________________________________________.”
In order to understand what motivates media usage behavior, you need to uncover
___________________.
When a decision maker allows predetermined conclusions to color their thinking
process, they are said to be engaging in ___________________ elaboration.
Central to the critical tradition is a discussion of ______________________ and social
inequities.
A muted group must _____________________ their thoughts, ideas, or attitudes into
the language of the dominant world view.
Obliging as a conflict strategy is also called _________________________
From a dialectical standpoint, it is better if one partner is dominant and charts the
course for the relationship.