One hypothesis to explain the relationship between gangs and crime is the facilitation
model, which posits that
a. gang membership promotes drug involvement, which in turn facilitates violence.
b. gangs attract members who are already delinquent or criminally involved, and their
antisocial behaviors facilitate their acceptance into the gang.
c. gangs attract those who are already delinquent or criminally involved, and
membership further facilitates their preexisting antisocial behavior.
d. none of these choices.
The criminal or noncriminal, felonious or nonfelonious taking of life by another human
or by an agency, such as a government, is called
a. murder.
b. homicide.
c. manslaughter.
d. crime against nature.
An indicator of a false robbery report is
a. an exceptionally detailed description of the offender.
b. an exceptionally vague description of the offender.
c. a lack of cooperation.
d. all of these choices.
Private insurance investigators
a. interfere with law enforcement and fire investigations and should be kept away.
b. are supportive but not helpful.
c. can assist fire and police efforts in investigating fire losses.
d. can offer bounties on arsonists.
Which of the following would not be one of the signs of a ritualistic homicide?
a. missing body parts such as heart, genitals, left hand, tongue, index finger
b. urine or human or animal feces smeared on body or found in body cavities
c. wax drippings, oils, incense or ritual powders on the body
d. missing clothing
Which of the following is one of the models used to explain the relationship between
gangs and crime?
a. enhancement model
b. aggravation model
c. criminal model
d. professional model
Which of the following is not a benefit of a well-written report?
a. It helps the criminal justice system operate more efficiently and effectively.
b. It reduces liability for the department and officer.
c. It reflects positively on the investigator who wrote it.
d. It is geared subjectively to enhance prosecution.
Defendants in a case must
a. take the witness stand and testify.
b. answer questions if they elect to take the witness stand.
c. be represented by counsel.
d. remain silent.
The postmortem cooling process of the body is called
a. adipocere.
b. lividity.
c. rigor mortis.
d. algor mortis.
The Fourth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution forbids what type of searches and
seizures?
a. illegal
b. unsupervised
c. unreasonable
d. undercover
A sniffer is
a. another term used when referring to a canine in a K-9 unit.
b. a detection device that takes a sample of air and identifies the approximate quantities
of explosive material in the sample.
c. a detection device that takes a sample of air and identifies the quality of the smoke
and what type of igniter was used to set the fire.
d. none of these choices.
Hopefully, a well-organized, thorough and proper organization of a crime scene search
will result in
a. a meticulous search with no accidental destruction of evidence.
b. generating ideas about who might be a suspect.
c. ignoring some evidence that may have been found by accident.
d. identifying the motive.
What type of evidence has been properly collected, identified, filed and continuously
secured?
a. relevant
b. competent
c. material
d. exculpatory
Which of the following is not recommended as a way to improve an officer’s ability to
recognize stolen vehicles?
a. Keep a “hot sheet” in the car.
b. Learn the common characteristics of stolen vehicles.
c. Frequently drive through the poorest neighborhoods.
d. Take time to check suspicious persons and vehicles.
Spontaneous statements uttered by a suspect at the time of a crime, concerning and
closely related to actions involved in the crime, are referred to as what type of
statements?
a. in flagrante delicto
b. exculpatory
c. res gestae
d. uttering
In California v. Greenwood, the Supreme Court ruled that
a. searches of homes are illegal.
b. searches of cars are legal if part of an inventory.
c. the curtilage rule applies to all evidence.
d. containers left on public property are open to search by police without a warrant.
What type of evidenceforms a substantive part of the case or has a legitimate and
effective influence on the decision of the case?
a. circumstantial
b. material
c. exculpatory
d. in flagrante delicto
Emergency circumstances (such as fire or officers hearing shots fired or screams) that
allow officers to enter a home without a warrant are referred to as
a. no-knock entries.
b. high-risk entries.
c. exigent circumstances.
d. warrantless emergencies.
A “date rape” drug that can be found in an odorless, colorless liquid form or as a pill or
white powder and that has psychological effects including confusion, depression,
anxiety, sleeplessness, drug craving and paranoia is called MDMA or
a. marijuana.
b. heroin.
c. Ecstasy.
d. mescaline.
The term in loco parentis refers to the fact that
a. one form of domestic violence is when parents abuse their children.
b. some abusers were victims of abuse at the hands of their own parents.
c. teachers are allowed to use force to maintain discipline.
d. none of these choices.
Crazing is
a. the checking of charred wood.
b. the formation of irregular cracks in glass due to heat.
c. how deeply the wood is burned.
d. burnt glass.
Once a report is written, the writer should:
a. File it and forget it.
b. Proofread it.
c. Immediately present it to the prosecution.
d. Prepare for the appeal.
How could the Privacy Protection Act (PPA) impact a computer crime investigation?
What issues should be considered?
Which of the following is not an element in check fraud?
a. forgery
b. issuing worthless checks
c. issuing insufficient-fund checks
d. using an access device
False alarms for burglary account for up to what percentage of all alarm calls?
a. 50 percent
b. 75 percent
c. 90 percent
d. 96 percent
This system may be of great assistance in identifying a stolen vehicle that might be
serving as a getaway car, even as robbers speed away at 100 mph.
a. facial recognition systems
b. automatic license plate recognition (ALPR)
c. GPS locaters
d. spike strips
A juvenile or young person who takes a car for some “thrills or excitement” may be
guilty of
a. carjacking.
b. joyriding.
c. aggravated car theft.
d. petite theft.
Record in notes the following items at the crime scene:
a. services rendered.
b. weather conditions.
c. name, address and phone number of every person present.
d. all of these choices.
When evidence is no longer needed, it is
a. auctioned off.
b. destroyed.
c. returned to the owner.
d. any of these may be appropriate.
One benefit of a well-written report is that it can
a. reduce legal liability for the officer and the department.
b. enhance an officer’s career.
c. make a positive impact on a prosecutor’s case.
d. all of these choices.
Once a confession has been obtained, investigators should
a. corroborate the confession using independent evidence.
b. stop the investigation.
c. let the confession prove the case.
d. submit the case for prosecution based on the confession.
A(n) ___________ shop may help vehicle owners dispose of a car for insurance fraud
purposes.
Investigators should include a summary of all negative or exculpatory evidence
developed during the investigation in a report to the prosecuting attorney.
“Latent examination” refers to specialists trained in recording, identifying and
interpreting the minutiae (minute details) of physical evidence, who usually work at
crime scenes and in a crime lab.
Research has shown that law enforcement agencies are placing a higher priority on
responding to domestic violence calls.
Gestures, eye movement and facial expressions are all forms of _________________.
Most computer crimes are not prosecuted.
Structuring, or _____________, is a method of avoiding federal reporting requirements
by breaking large amounts of cash into increments of less than $10,000.
Ted Bundy, John Wayne Gacy and Andrew Cunanan were well-known ____________
murderers.
Police should allow professional medical personnel to obtain the personal details of a
sexual attack.
What is the difference between an officer’s notes and a report?
The largest failure in gathering evidence is not the equipment available, but the lack of
___________ in using it effectively.
Why is it important to photograph and videotape an arson fire?
____________ is the killing of one person by another.
Residential burglaries are often committed by one or more juveniles or young adults
who live in the same community.
Describe the elements that are necessary to obtain a conviction in a sexual assault case.