Brachiation refers to:
a. using the forelimbs to move from tree limb to tree limb.
b. quadrupedal locomotion including the use of a tail.
c. clinging and leaping locomotion in an arboreal environment.
d. bipedality in nonhumans.
Children living at high altitudes develop a larger chest cavity by adulthood than
children living at lower altitudes. This is an example of:
a. environmental adaptations that occur at the individual level.
b. acclimatization at the individual level.
c. developmental adaptations that occur at the level of the individual during critical life
stages.
d. inheritance of increases in lung volume by high-altitude populations.
Australopithecus robustus‘s large masticatory complex (large molars, face, and muscles)
indicate an adaptation to:
a. eating hard food with sand in it.
b. eating a great deal of red meat.
c. eating foods requiring heavy chewing.
d. gnawing on bones.
Australopithecus garhi may be the ancestor of:
a. Homo habilis.
b. Australopithecus afarensis.
c. Orrorin tugenensis.
d. Homo sapiens.
The Fayum desert has yielded fossils of the following three primates:
a. Oligopithecus, Apidium, and Aegyptopithecus.
b. Proconsul, Notharctus, and Adapis.
c. Eosimias, Biretia, and Micropithecus.
d. Proconsul, Eosimias, and Adapis.
RNA differs from DNA in that it uses:
a. uracil instead of adenine.
b. uracil instead of guanine.
c. guanine instead of uracil.
d. uracil instead of thymine.
The Acheulean complex:
a. emerged around 2.5 mya.
b. is used to describe simple pebble tools.
c. emerged around 1.5 mya.
d. is characteristic of Homo habilis.
How was Darwin influenced by Thomas Malthus’s work on population growth?
a. Darwin was interested in Malthus’s examination of population changes in pea plants.
b. Darwin was influenced by Malthus’s work on demography and population responses
to food availability.
c. Darwin liked the concept of Latin taxonomic classification as it pertained to human
groups.
d. Darwin was greatly influenced by research on acquired characteristics.
Monogamous refers to:
a. a social group that is dominated by a single sex.
b. a social group that includes an adult male, an adult female, and their offspring.
c. primates that live exclusively as a nuclear family.
d. a primate social group that includes an adult male and several adult females with
their offspring.
Patrilocal societies are expected to display:
a. greater mtDNA diversity than Y chromosome diversity.
b. roughly equivalent mtDNA and Y chromosome diversity.
c. greater Y chromosome diversity than mtDNA diversity.
d. no strong correlation between societal structure and genetic diversity.
Fossils represent the remains of once-living:
a. extant species that tell the story of human origins.
b. extinct organisms that provide a record of the history of life on the planet.
c. plants that provide proof of catastrophism.
d. organisms that demonstrate the age of the earth through the process of
uniformitarianism.
Darwin drew on information from the following five scientific disciplines:
a. geology, physical anthropology, taxonomy and systematics, demography, and
evolutionary biology.
b. geology, paleontology, taxonomy and systematics, geography, and evolutionary
biology.
c. geology, paleontology, taxonomy and systematics, demography, and biology.
d. geology, paleontology, taxonomy and systematics, demography, and evolutionary
biology.
A preaustralopithecine most likely has which of the following characteristics?
a. nonhoning dentition, primitive apelike traits, and increased brain size
b. modified honing dentition, primitive apelike traits, and increased brain size
c. modified honing dentition, primitive apelike traits, and small brain size
d. nonhoning dentition, loss of apelike traits, and small brain size
Monogamous behavior is characteristic of which of these species?
a. baboon
b. gibbon
c. orangutan
d. chimpanzee
Human ABO blood types are determined by:
a. regulatory genes.
b. multiple alleles.
c. multiple genes.
d. homeotic genes.
All-male groups of nonhuman primates:
a. are often polyandrous, before females join other existing groups.
b. often exist together with multimale, multifemale groups.
c. become permanent groups with rigid ranking systems.
d. do not exist in the wild.
An individual that is homozygous at the locus that determines ABO blood type may
have any of the following EXCEPT type _______ blood.
a. AB
b. O
c. A
d. B
Humans use their molars for:
a. biting.
b. crushing.
c. shearing.
d. mashing.
C. Loring Brace argued that the race concept:
a. was first used by Marco Polo as he recorded huge amounts of information during his
travels in Asia.
b. has been present throughout human history.
c. can be traced to the Renaissance, when seafaring travelers observed differences
between people from distant lands.
d. originated in ancient Egypt.
A difference between Miocene apes and modern apes is the:
a. length of the tail.
b. breadth of the ribcage.
c. size of the hands.
d. morphology of the foot.
Female reproductive strategies emphasize:
a. bonding with the dominant male monogamously.
b. having one birth per year.
c. having twin births every year.
d. caring for young and ensuring access to food.
Homo erectus was likely the first hominid to successfully migrate to regions beyond
Africa. Discuss how the biology and culture of Homo erectus led to its success on three
major continents with varying environments.
Dietary plasticity in primates refers to:
a. eating a wide variety of foods.
b. lack of diversity of diets over time.
c. diets composed of a variety of red meats.
d. diets composed of a variety of fruits.
Sivapithecus is widely recognized as an ancestral member of which ape lineage?
a. gorilla
b. orangutan
c. chimpanzee
d. gibbon
Infancy:
a. runs from the second month after birth to the end of lactation, usually by the end of
the third year.
b. runs from three to seven years, generally postweaning.
c. is also called the “neonatal” period.
d. includes three months before birth and three months after birth.
The Oldowan Complex is a part of the:
a. Upper Paleolithic.
b. Lower Paleolithic.
c. Eocene.
d. Solutrean.
Male reproductive strategies emphasize:
a. competition between males for access to reproductive-age females.
b. avoiding risk-taking behavior.
c. avoiding violence against competitors for female access.
d. engaging in care of young.
The Laetoli footprints demonstrate that the foot of Australopithecus afarensis was
humanlike in having a:
a. rounded heel.
b. nondivergent big toe.
c. double arch.
d. all of the above
Studies of Galapagos finches have found that at certain points in time all finches on the
island have either wide beaks or sharp narrow beaks. The type of evolution that leads to
this phenotype distribution is _______ selection.
a. directional
b. natural
c. disruptive
d. stabilizing