The suborder prosimians includes:
a. only nocturnal species.
b. only diurnal species.
c. diurnal and nocturnal galagos.
d. diurnal and nocturnal lemurs.
The American economist David Seckler incorrectly hypothesized that:
a. growth accelerates and decelerates according to various life stages.
b. undernourished populations experience accelerated growth and development.
c. there is a relationship between genes and the environment.
d. shortness in height is an adaptation to reduced food supplies.
The last Neandertals date to:
a. 250,000 yBP.
b. 100,000 yBP.
c. 75,000 yBP.
d. 32,000 yBP.
The Levallois method of stone tool production is associated with the:
a. Mousterin.
b. Upper Paleolithic.
c. Levallois.
d. Solutrean.
Which species became increasingly specialized to foods requiring heavy chewing?
a. Homo sapiens
b. Homo habilis
c. Homo erectus
d. Australopithecus
A mummy is discovered whose tomb includes cloth, food, and other organic remains.
What dating method would most likely be used to date the tomb?
a. biostratigraphy
b. carbon 14
c. dendrochronology
d. electron spin resonance
Mendel’s plant experiments demonstrated that:
a. traits inherited from each parent blended together in the offspring.
b. DNA was the molecule carrying the genetic code.
c. peas were a poor choice for understanding basic hereditary principles.
d. traits are passed on from parent to offspring as discrete units.
Low, rounded cusps indicate a diet of:
a. fruit.
b. meat.
c. insects.
d. leaves.
Transposable elements are DNA sequences that:
a. are not coded to produce proteins.
b. contain numerous point mutations.
c. occur only on the X and Y chromosomes.
d. can copy themselves into entirely new areas of the chromosomes.
Relative to Oldowan tools, Acheulean stone tools:
a. had a narrower range of functions.
b. used fewer raw materials.
c. were characterized by fewer tool types.
d. required more learning and skill to produce.
Together, all of the alleles contained within a group of interbreeding individuals are
known as a:
a. gene pool.
b. population.
c. clinal distribution.
d. polymorphism.
Gigantopithecus stood _______ feet tall and weighed _______ pounds.
a. four; 300
b. ten; 660
c. six; 250
d. five; 400
Primates are:
a. a group of mammals that share traits like forward-facing eyes, fingernails, and large
brains.
b. often species with a long snout.
c. diverse species that live in various types of environments.
d. both a. and c.
Paleontologists find a fossil ape with long arms. What type of environment can they
infer it inhabited?
a. savanna
b. woodland
c. grassland
d. swamp
Male primates most often compete for mates while female primates compete for other
resources, demonstrating that:
a. reproduction places different energy demands on males and females, resulting in
different reproductive strategies.
b. reproduction has similar energy demands for both sexes, so males and females
respond accordingly.
c. primates do not vary in their abilities to respond to differing energy requirements.
d. males acquire resources to ensure the survival of their offspring.
The Herto skulls from Ethiopia:
a. are distinctly modern.
b. have a combination of archaic and modern features.
c. are distinctly archaic.
d. are considered Homo habilis.
In the American Midwest, native seed crops goosefoot, sumpweed, and sunflowers
were farmed about:
a. 11,500 yBP.
b. 8,000 yBP.
c. 6,000″1,000 yBP.
d. 10,500 yBP.
Primatologists:
a. explore the relationships between specific social behaviors and reproductive fitness.
b. study only physical aspect of primates.
c. study cultural anthropology.
d. know nothing of primate bones.
How is a theory different from a hypothesis?
a. A hypothesis explains observations and cannot be refuted by new evidence.
b. A theory is an explanation based upon controversial facts.
c. A theory is an explanation that has been carefully examined and tested.
d. A theory has been less thoroughly tested than a hypothesis.
Frameshift mutations are more likely to have an impact at the phenotypic level because
they:
a. are the result of a change in a single nucleotide.
b. are the result of exposure to radiation.
c. produce a protein having no function.
d. are mobile pieces of DNA.
Based on the research of Philip Reno, early hominins show reduced sexual dimorphism,
which is evidence for cooperation and likely for:
a. monogamy.
b. multifamily grouping.
c. pair bonding.
d. multimale grouping.
Based on the morphology of the hand phalanx, Orrorin tugenensis lived in a:
a. dry savanna.
b. woodland environment.
c. jungle environment.
d. forest environment.
What is the likely explanation for the rapid increase in body and brain size among
Homo erectus?
a. an influx of genes for increased height
b. greater access to protein and improved nutrition
c. reaching for fruits higher in the trees, which increased their height over time
d. the evolution of bipedalism
A round cross section of a long bone suggests that the bone will:
a. have greater strength through one of its axes.
b. have less strength through its y-axis.
c. have equal strength in all directions.
d. break given a small amount of tension.
Sub-Saharan Africans show the largest genetic diversity of any human population. This
is likely to have resulted from the:
a. accumulation of genetic mutations over the last 10 years.
b. group’s small breeding population, maintaining genetic diversity.
c. accumulations of genetic mutations over time.
d. introduction of genetic diversity from Europe and Asia.
In the days races were thought to be valid, static categories, Friedrich Blumenbach
categorized humans into the following races:
a. Negroids, Caucasoids, and Mongoloids.
b. Mongoloids, Negroids, Inuit, and Caucasoids.
c. Mongoloids, Malays, Ethiopians, American Indians, and Caucasoids.
d. Mongoloids, Negroids, Malays, Europeans, and Caucasoids.
The Homo erectus fossil from Sangiran, Java, dates to:
a. 800,000 yBP.
b. 1.2″1.0 mya.
c. 1.8″1.6 mya.
d. 2.2″2.0 mya.
Meiosis results in the production of:
a. two gametes.
b. four gametes.
c. a single gamete.
d. none of the above
By the close of the Pleistocene the human population numbered:
a. several thousand.
b. 7 billion.
c. several million.
d. 1 billion.
Broken Hill, Dali, and Atapuerca are sites where specimens of _______ have been
discovered.
a. Homo erectus
b. modern Homo sapiens
c. archaic Homo sapiens
d. Neandertals
In the context of physical anthropology, a disadvantaged social environment includes
one:
a. with minimal access to technology.
b. with no transportation system.
c. with poor-quality nutrition.
d. where most people do not know how to read.
The scientific method:
a. relies on making hunches about the natural world.
b. involves empirical data collection and hypothesis testing.
c. is used to support preconceived notions or theories.
d. seeks to establish the absolute scientific truth.