Which of the following is true of the effects of aging on human sexual performance?
A.Orgasm becomes less frequent in females with age, occurring in every second to third
attempt rather than every time.
B.More direct stimulation usually is needed to produce an erection.
C.A large-scale study of individuals from 57 to 85 years of age revealed that sexually
active life expectancy was longer for women than men.
D.Women lost more years of sexually active life due to poor health than men did.
Answer:
Which of the following has been linked to lower cognitive performance, not only in
older adults but also in young and middle-aged adults?
A.Hypertension
B.Arthritis
C.Tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon
D.Decreased inhibition
Answer:
Lynne, 5, loves to draw and color. She represents the world with words and her
drawings. According to Piaget’s cognitive development theory, Lynne is in the _____
stage of cognitive development.
A. preoperational
B. sensorimotor
C. formal operational
D. concrete operational
Answer:
Identity development:
A.is a single, neat process.
B.gets done in bits and pieces.
C.happens cataclysmically.
D.involves making decisions once and for all.
Answer:
Researchers like Baillargeon have found that infants’ perceptual abilities are highly
developed much earlier than Jean Piaget proposed. These researchers conclude that
infants see objects as bounded, unitary, solid, and separate from their background
definitely by _____ of age.
A. eight to nine months
B. one to two months
C. three to four months
D. five to six months
Answer:
Which of the following is Kübler-Ross’ third stage of dying?
A.Denial and isolation
B.Acceptance
C.Bargaining
D.Anger
Answer:
In the ‘sticky mittens” research project, it was found that:
A. the infants in the mitten group developed grasping skills earlier.
B. the infants in the group without mittens developed grasping skills faster.
C. both groups developed grasping skills at the same pace.
D. the group without mittens developed better object manipulation skills.
Answer:
The rules that govern _____ describe the sound sequences that can occur in a language.
A. pragmatics
B. phonology
C. syntax
D. morphology
Answer:
Which of the following statements about prospective memory is NOT true?
A.Older adults are more likely to forget an event-based task than a time-based task.
B.Prospective memory declines with age.
C.Decline of prospective memory depends on complex factors.
D.Declines in prospective memory occur more in laboratory than real-life settings.
Answer:
The transition from adolescence to adulthood has been referred to as emerging
adulthood, which occurs from approximately _____ years of age.
A.12 to 18
B.18 to 25
C.21 to 26
D.20 to 30
Answer:
The _____ is the part of adolescent egocentrism involving a sense of uniqueness and
invincibility.
A.personal fable
B.self-fulfilling prophecy
C.imaginary audience
D.collective myth
Answer:
Early-onset antisocial behavior is defined as antisocial behavior before age _____.
A.13
B.17
C.15
D.11
Answer:
The interactionist view of language development emphasizes that:
A.the primary language center and the biological language device are both needed for
language to develop.
B.language development occurs largely due to positive reinforcement.
C.the development of receptive language is universal, whereas the development of
spoken language differs across cultures.
D.both biology and experience contribute to language development.
Answer:
Giving nursing home residents more control over their daily schedules is:
A.harmful.
B.beneficial.
C.anxiety-provoking.
D.usually not necessary for patients that age.
Answer:
Social cognitive theory provides several important principles to help us understand
moral behavior of children. Which one of the following is NOT one of those principles?
A.Moral behavior is always influenced by the situation.
B.Self-control is evidenced by the child’s ability to delay gratification.
C.Punishment will always increase modeling of moral behavior.
D.Cognitive factors are important in the development of self-control.
Answer:
After Mildred’s divorce, she went back to college, renewed old acquaintanceships, and
took up ballroom dancing. After completing college, she got the job she’d always
wanted and entered into a long-term relationship. Mildred chose the pathway of:
A.the good-enoughs.
B.the defeated.
C.the seeker.
D.the enhancer.
Answer:
Only _____ of stepfamily couples stay remarried.
A.one-fourth
B.one-third
C.one-half
D.three-fourths
Answer:
According to the cross-sectional study on self-esteem conducted by Robins and others
(2002), which age group has the highest self-esteem?
A.Adolescents
B.Young adults
C.Middle-aged adults
D.The elderly
Answer:
The developmental period, when one is an infant, adolescent, or middle-aged person,
refers to:
A. a historical circumstance common to people of a particular generation.
B. a time frame in a person’s life that is characterized by certain features.
C. a time frame in which a person experiences maximum change.
D. a time frame in a nation’s history that is characterized by rapid development.
Answer:
Which of the following statements about infants and REM sleep is TRUE?
A.When infants are 3 months old, the amount of time they spend in REM sleep begins
to increase.
B.Most infants spend about 70 percent of their sleeping time in REM sleep.
C.REM sleep might promote the brain’s development in infancy.
D.Older adults are the only group that spends more time in REM sleep than infants.
Answer:
_____ adults have positive views of relationships, find it easy to get close to others, and
are not overly concerned with or stressed out about their romantic relationships.
A.Securely attached
B.Attachment-anxious
C.Attachment-avoidant
D.Securely detached
Answer:
There is a “one-third rule” for alcoholism: By age 65, one-third are dead or in terrible
shape, one-third are abstinent or drinking socially, and one-third are _____.
A.holding out against treatment
B.still trying to beat their addiction
C.resigned to alcoholism
D.hopeless about recovery
Answer:
Josh’s mother makes his favorite foodburgers, fries, and pizzaevery night for dinner. His
mother lets Josh play as much as he wants to, study only when he feels like it, and
imposes no fixed bedtime. Josh’s mom is most likely a(n):
A.authoritarian parent.
B.authoritative parent.
C.indulgent parent.
D.neglectful parent.
Answer:
According to the Bayley mental scale, by _____ of age, the infant should be able to
inhibit behavior when commanded to do so, imitate words the examiner says, and
respond to simple requests.
A. 10 weeks
B. 6 months
C. 12 weeks
D. 12 months
Answer:
Jackie, a 15-year-old girl, has been diagnosed with anorexia nervosa. It is most likely
that Jackie:
A.sets very low standards for herself.
B.is not very concerned about how others perceive her.
C.is competitive and high-achieving.
D.is an African American from a low-income family.
Answer:
Which of the following is true about gender differences in adult friendships?
A.Compared with women, men have more close friends.
B.Adult male friendships are more competitive than those of women.
C.Compared with women, men’s friendships involve more self-disclosure and exchange
of mutual support.
D.The adult female pattern of friendship often involves keeping one’s distance while
sharing useful information.
Answer:
Which of the following is true of phenylketonuria?
A. It results from a recessive gene.
B. It is a chromosomal disorder.
C. It results in death by the age of five.
D. It is caused by an accumulation of lipids in the nervous system.
Answer:
The concept of “use it or lose it” is a significant component of the _____ model of
cognitive optimization that addresses strategies to buffer age-related declines in
intellectual development.
A.engagement
B.constructivist
C.peer-to-peer
D.social learning
Answer:
Which of the following statements is NOT true regarding the death scenario in the U.S.
today?
A.More than 80 percent of all deaths occur in institutions or hospitals.
B.The care of a dying older person has shifted away from the family.
C.Today, death occurs most often among adolescents.
D.Nowadays, greater numbers of older adults die apart from their families.
Answer:
____ is a complex molecule with a double helix shape, like a spiral staircase, and
contains genetic information.
A. RNA
B. Chromosome
C. DNA
D. Ribosome
Answer:
Which of the following statements is true about the dual-process model of coping with
bereavement?
A.Loss-oriented stressors exclude any positive or negative reappraisal of the loss.
B.Restoration usually shatters assumptions about the world and one’s own place in it.
C.Restoration-oriented stressors is one of the key dimensions of the dual-process
model.
D.Coping with loss and engaging in restoration can occur only separately.
Answer:
A developmental psychologist studying infants’ understanding of object permanence
uses a method where infants see an event happen as it would normally occur. Then, the
event is changed, often in a way that creates a physically impossible event. The result of
this is that the infants look longer at the changed event indicating that he or she is
surprised by it. Which method is being adopted here?
A. Violation of expectations
B. Habituation and dishabituation
C. Visual preference
D. Principle of persistence
Answer:
Identify the theorist who initiated the Seattle Longitudinal Study that involves extensive
evaluations of intellectual abilities in the adult years.
Answer:
What are some of the noncognitive factors that affect memory?
Answer:
What is the term for a form of education that promotes social responsibility and service
to the community?
Answer:
A high school principal sends home a letter to parents stating that she is instituting a
service learning component and all students are required to participate. What is service
learning? When is it most effective and why would schools want to use them?
Answer:
List three major findings from the Nun Study on aging.
Answer:
Explain in brief the impact of aging on self-esteem. What are the reasons for declining
self-esteem in older adults?
Answer:
What is the term for the support that parents provide one another in jointly raising a
child?
Answer:
Mrs. Collins is a teacher who needs to develop a strategy for improving relations among
ethnically diverse students. List some strategies that she may employ to obtain positive
results.
Answer:
According to Robert J. Sternberg, which type of intelligence in students is most likely
to be favored in conventional schooling?
Answer:
Which researcher, in 2003, suggested adolescents have difficulty controlling their
emotions because their prefrontal cortex has not yet fully developed.
Answer:
What is the term used to describe the group of divorced people who initially spend
more time in singles bars and engaging in casual sex but who sought a more stable, less
sensation-seeking lifestyle by the end of the first year post divorce?
Answer:
Justus and Rochelle are taking prenatal classes that involve a special breathing
technique to control pushing in the final stages of labor, and a detailed anatomy and
physiology course. On which obstetrician’s work is this method based?
Answer:
Briefly explain MEG (magnetoencephalography) and its uses?
Answer:
Explain the concept of psychosocial moratorium.
Answer:
Identify the condition that occurs when infants stop breathing, usually during the night,
and die suddenly without an apparent cause.
Answer:
According to E. Mavis Hetherington, some of these individuals had problems before
their divorce, and these problems increased after the breakup when “the added stress of
a failed marriage was more than they could handle. Others had difficulty coping
because divorce cost them a spouse who had supported them, or in the case of a
drinking problem, restricted them.”What is the term that best describes these
individuals?
Answer: