Which of the following cannot cause evolutionary change within a population?
a. Natural selection
b. Hardy”Weinberg forces
c. Mutation
d. Random genetic drift
Culture is defined in the text as
a. information acquired through social learning.
b. shared knowledge about the world by every member of society.
c. language.
d. behavior that is determined mainly by genes.
Unequal parental investment is favored when
a. resource competition is high for females.
b. the cost of acquiring additional mates is low for males.
c. the cost of acquiring additional mates is high for males.
d. the fitness of offspring raised by two parents is much higher than the fitness of
offspring raised by one parent.
Radiometric dating is possible because
a. isotopes decay at a known rate.
b. older layers are deeper than younger layers.
c. when rocks are formed, chemical signatures determine how long they will last.
d. when rocks are formed, their chemical configuration never changes.
The so-called home bases found at Olduvai are now interpreted as spots where
a. hominins cached their kills.
b. animals were butchered by hominins.
c. hominins fed on kills.
d. hominins practiced cannibalism.
The Olduvai accumulation sites were probably
a. home bases, because many temporary shelters were found.
b. home bases, because fire hearths were found.
c. not home bases, because evidence of competition with other predators was found.
d. not home bases, because only short-term use fire hearths were found.
At modern kill sites
a. hunters usually take meat from the limbs, and scavengers eat meat from the skull and
vertebrae.
b. hunters usually take meat from the skull and vertebrae, and scavengers eat meat from
the limbs.
c. hunters take almost all of the meat, and scavengers eat only cartilage and bone
marrow.
d. hunters and scavengers share all parts of carcasses.
Chromosomes are
a. composed of ribonucleic acid.
b. attached to organelles.
c. replicated during cell division.
d. made of proteins.
The coefficient of relatedness (r) is a measure of
a. each individual’s fitness benefits.
b. the probability that two individuals acquire the same allele through descent from a
common ancestor.
c. the probability that two randomly chosen individuals share an allele.
d. sibling relatedness.
Which of the following is correct?
a. Selection can produce change when no variation is present in a population.
b. Selection cannot change the frequency of different phenotypes.
c. The strength and direction of selection depend on the environment.
d. The strength of selection is determined by dominant alleles.
Through genetic testing and behavioral research, researchers have shown that
a. low-ranking males mate guarded more often and sired more offspring.
b. high-ranking males sired more offspring than low-ranking males.
c. low-ranking males were outcompeted during female cycles and did not sire any
offspring.
d. high-ranking males mate guarded females but only during cycles when they did not
conceive.
Monozygotic twins are
a. twins derived from two zygotes.
b. twins derived from a single zygote.
c. twins whose degree of relatedness is 0.5.
d. also known as “fraternal twins.”
According to the hypothesis the specific language impairment (SLI) can be caused by a
dominant gene at a single locus, what is the probability that an individual who has SLI
and an individual without it will have a child with SLI?
a. 0%
b. 75%
c. 50%
d. 100%
The openings in the vertebrae of Homo ergaster are
a. smaller than in modern humans.
b. larger than in modern humans.
c. the same size as in modern humans.
d. sometimes larger and sometimes smaller than in modern humans.
Natural selection generally produces adaptations that are
a. harmful to both individuals and groups.
b. helpful to individuals but harmful to groups.
c. harmful to individuals but helpful to groups.
d. not successful unless every member of the group survives and reproduces.
Which of the following Oligocene haplorrhines had the most primitive traits?
a. The propliopithecids
b. The parapithecids
c. The oligopithecids
d. The omomyids
The rates of change in the human lineage for highly accelerated regions of the genome
that have undergone negative selection imply that they have been shaped by
a. genetic drift.
b. natural selection.
c. mutation.
d. sexual selection.
Many food sources used by contemporary foragers are hard to acquire and therefore
require
a. learned skills.
b. hammers and anvils.
c. cooking.
d. weapons.
Genetic data from fossils found at Denisova Cave
a. indicate that Neanderthals and other hominins of the time were genetically isolated.
b. show that the Denisovans, a population that predates 50,000 years, share a common
ancestor with Neanderthals postdating the Neanderthal”human split.
c. show that a very small-bodied form of Homo ergaster or erectus evolved in Europe.
d. show that the Denisovans are a form of Neanderthal.
Differences between Upper Paleolithic peoples and Neanderthals include the fact that
Upper Paleolithic peoples
a. lived shorter life spans than Neanderthals.
b. lived at lower densities than Neanderthals.
c. were less likely to suffer injuries than Neanderthals.
d. were more dependent upon hunting for sustenance.
When two loci are very close together on a chromosome,
a. they are linked.
b. a crossing-over event between them is less likely than when two loci are far apart.
c. they can blend into a single gene.
d. both a and b are correct.
mtDNA is inherited
a. from the father.
b. from the mother.
c. from both the father and the mother.
d. mostly from the father, but some from the mother.
Evolutionary psychologists argue specifically that human brains are designed to solve
problems involving
a. living things.
b. reciprocal altruism between people.
c. selective arguments.
d. science and technology.
Where Plasmodium falciparum malaria is present, AS infants are about ________ more
likely to reach adulthood than AA infants.
a. 100%
b. 50%
c. 35%
d. 15%
Which of the following is true of mitosis?
a. Mitosis produces identical daughter cells.
b. Mitosis produces nonidentical daughter cells.
c. Mitosis produces cells with different chromosomes.
d. Mitosis produces haploid gametes.
Social facilitation occurs when
a. an older individual actively helps the young to learn, for example, by manipulating
their hands.
b. the activity of older animals indirectly increases the chances that the young will learn
the behavior on their own.
c. young animals use older animals as behavioral models.
d. older animals teach younger animals to be social.
Imagine a cross between AA and Aa individuals. What is the genotypic ratio among the
offspring?
a. 1/2 AA and 1/2 aa
b. 1/2 Aa and 1/2 aa
c. 1/2 AA and 1/2 Aa
d. All AA
The postcranial skeleton of modern humans
a. is more robust than Neanderthal skeletons.
b. includes heavily built hands.
c. is characterized by long limbs with thin-walled bones.
d. has a larger crural index.
If variation in a trait is largely due to variation in genes, then
a. monozygotic twins should be more similar to each other than dizygotic twins.
b. dizygotic twins should be more similar to each other than monozygotic twins.
c. monozygotic and dizygotic twins should be equally similar to one another.
d. dizygotic twins will be exactly alike.
Which of the following statements is true?
a. Dominance rank is not a good predictor of female reproductive success.
b. Young females tend to reproduce more often than older females because they are in
better physical condition.
c. Variation in longevity is a major contributor to variation in lifetime fitness among
females.
d. Females in multimale groups have more offspring than females in one-male units.
During the late Miocene, Africa
a. became warmer and wetter.
b. had an expansion of dense forests.
c. experienced less rain and was more seasonal.
d. shifted farther north.