Which of the following is the finding of the longitudinal and cross-sectional assessment
of intellectual abilities conducted by Schaie?
A.Decline in intellectual abilities was more likely in the cross-sectional assessments
than in the longitudinal assessments.
B.When assessed longitudinally, inductive reasoning showed a consistent decline in the
middle adulthood years.
C.When assessed cross-sectionally, inductive reasoning increased until toward the end
of middle adulthood.
D.People reach a peak in their cognitive functioning for many intellectual skills in early
adulthood.
Answer:
In a longitudinal study of Smith College women, the desire for _____ increased as the
participants aged from their thirties to their fifties.
A.generativity
B.self-concept
C.stagnation
D.self-absorption
Answer:
Five-year-old Donna speaks in shorter, simpler sentences to her baby brother. She
speaks in a very informal way with her friends and uses a more formal language with
her father’s friends. Donna is demonstrating her grasp of:
A. pragmatics.
B. morphology.
C. syntax.
D. phonology.
Answer:
Infants would nearly have tripled their birth weight by the age of:
A. two years.
B. one year.
C. four months.
D. six months
Answer:
The number of children diagnosed and treated for ADHD has _____ in recent decades.
A.increased marginally
B.increased substantially
C.decreased marginally
D.decreased substantially
Answer:
According to research, which of the following is most likely to be rated as the LEAST
important characteristic that women look for in men?
A.Kindness
B.Good looks
C.Earning prospects
D.Considerateness
Answer:
_____ is the field that seeks to discover the influence of heredity and environment on
individual differences in human traits and development.
A. Behavior influence
B. Behavior therapy
C. Behavior genetics
D. Behavior development
Answer:
When all three dimensions of Sternberg’s triarchic theory of love are present in a
relationship, what type of love are people experiencing?
A.Affectionate love
B.Consummate love
C.Fatuous love
D.Passionate love
Answer:
_____ involves the way words are combined to form acceptable phrases and sentences.
A. Semantics
B. Phraseology
C. Syntax
D. Phonology
Answer:
Nearly _____ of individuals who commit suicide in the United States are 65 years of
age or older.
A.2 percent
B.10 percent
C.25 percent
D.40 percent
Answer:
Mary is three years-old, and in preschool. Identify the development period that Mary is
currently in.
A. Infancy
B. Early childhood
C. Middle childhood
D. Late childhood
Answer:
Infants control the muscles of their trunk and arms before they control their hands and
fingers, and they use their whole hands before they can control several fingers. This
indicates a _____ pattern of growth.
A. proximodistal
B. cephalocaudal
C. proximocaudal
D. cephalodistal
Answer:
What is the most common cause of death for children in middle childhood?
A.Motor vehicle accidents
B.Drowning
C.Cancer
D.Child abuse
Answer:
Across a 10-year period, which of the following Big Five personality factors did NOT
predict health outcomes involving physical health, blood pressure, and number of days
limited at work or home due to physical health factors?
A.Agreeableness
B.Extraversion
C.Openness
D.Neuroticism
Answer:
A national study of U.S. adolescents revealed that physical activity:
A.increased until 13 years of age but then declined through 18 years of age.
B.in childhood and early adolescence would persist through to adulthood.
C.increased until 13 years of age and then remained stable throughout adulthood.
Answer:
The extent to which children are liked or disliked by their peer group is termed as their:
A.psychometric status.
B.socioeconomic status.
C.popularity status.
D.sociometric status.
Answer:
In the United States, the average age of menarche has _____ since the mid-nineteenth
century.
A.increased marginally
B.declined significantly
C.increased significantly
D.not changed
Answer:
Which of the following is true of children in divorced families?
A.A majority of children in divorced families do not have significant adjustment
problems.
B.Divorces inevitably impair children’s ability to adapt to difficulties in their lives.
C.Competent children cannot be raised in single-parent families.
D.Children in divorced families are no more likely than children in nondivorced
families to have academic problems.
Answer:
Two-month-old Trey is crying loudly. It is a sudden long, initial loud cry followed by
breath holding. This type of cry indicates that Trey is:
A. experiencing pain.
B. experiencing embarrassment.
C. very angry.
D. very hungry.
Answer:
Remembering how to swim is an example of:
A.implicit memory.
B.deferred imitation.
C.joint attention.
D.explicit memory.
Answer:
_____ develops when individuals sense that they have done nothing for the next
generation.
A.Perpetuity
B.Generativity
C.Self-actualization
D.Stagnation
Answer:
The majority of older adults living alone are widowed, encompassing _____ times as
many women as men.
A.two
B.three
C.four
D.five
Answer:
McKenzie, age 2, wants to do everything on her own. Her mother punishes her when
she attempts to pour her own milk or tries to answer the phone. Erikson would say that
McKenzie is likely to develop a sense of:
A. inferiority.
B. autonomy.
C. stagnation.
D. shame and doubt.
Answer:
Amir is 18 months old. According to Piaget’s theory, he is in which of the following
stages of cognitive development?
A. Preoperational
B. Sensorimotor
C. Formal operational
D. Concrete operational
Answer:
One of the differences between Sigmund Freud and Erik Erikson is that:
A. Freud underestimated the role of the unconscious mind in determining the life-span
development of an individual.
B. Erikson believed that development lasted only until the age of 20.
C. Erikson emphasized the importance of both early and later experiences.
D. Erikson overemphasized the role of sexuality in the life-span development of an
individual.
Answer:
Which of the following terms is used to describe the mutually regulated interactions
between parents and infants?
A. Other-conscious
B. Innate
C. Regulated
D. Synchronous
Answer:
Peter shouts and uses profane language while speaking to his teacher. Which of the
following rule systems of language is Peter disregarding?
A. Phonology
B. Syntax
C. Morphology
D. Pragmatics
Answer:
In which of the following states is active euthanasia not considered a crime?
A.Nevada
B.Texas
C.Washington
D.New York
Answer:
This theory of gender stems from the view that the preschool child develops a sexual
attraction to the opposite-sex parent.
A.The psychoanalytic theory of gender
B.The social cognitive theory of gender
C.The evolutionary psychology view of gender
D.The social role theory of gender
Answer:
A participant in a study was asked to memorize a list of words and then try to recall as
many as possible. This exercise was designed to test the participant’s _____.
A.muscle memory
B.implicit memory
C.verbal memory
D.verbal comprehension
Answer:
ADHD occurs _____ more frequently in boys than in girls.
A.two to three times
B.four to nine times
C.ten times
D.marginally
Answer:
Levinson sees the twenties as a(n) _____ phase of adult development.
A.stagnant
B.novice
C.expert
D.generative
Answer:
Critics of universal preschool education argue that:
A.quality preschools prepare children for school readiness and academic success.
B.research has not proven that non-disadvantaged children benefit from attending a
preschool.
C.the gains attributed to preschool and kindergarten education are often understated.
D.quality preschool programs increase the likelihood that the child will drop out of
school later.
Answer:
According to the Bem Sex-Role Inventory, which of the following can be described as a
feminine item?
A.Dominant
B.Aggressive
C.Forceful
D.Understanding
Answer:
Which leading theorist on sibling relationships described the three important
characteristics of sibling relationships as emotional stability, familiarity and intimacy,
and variation?
Answer:
What are the significant findings regarding sexual attitudes and behaviors of
middle-aged adults?
Answer:
A chromosomal abnormality is characterized by an extra copy of chromosome 21. A
person with this disorder typically has a round face, a flattened skull, an extra fold of
skin over the eyelids, a protruding tongue, short limbs, and retardation of motor and
mental abilities.What is this disorder called?
Answer:
Define chronic disorders, and briefly describe the major chronic conditions affecting the
older population.
Answer:
Briefly discuss the conditions that may occur with menopause. What are things one can
do to alleviate these symptoms?
Answer:
List and briefly describe Urie Bronfenbrenner’s five environmental systems.
Answer:
What are the treatment options available for children with attention deficit hyperactivity
disorder (ADHD)?
Answer:
List four strategies that distinguish an expert from a novice.
Answer:
In 1989, the Carnegie Corporation issued an extremely negative evaluation of U.S.
middle schools. They made several recommendations for how to improve schools.
Imagine you are a middle school principal and can institute any changes you want.
Based on these recommendations what kind of things would you do to create a more
effective schools for adolescents?
Answer:
Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of being single in early adulthood.
Answer:
What according to Carol Dweck is the term for a cognitive view that individuals
develop for themselves?
Answer:
Identify the college programs that offer paid apprenticeships in the area of the student’s
academic field.
Answer:
What is the term for the belief that one can master a situation and produce favorable
outcomes?
Answer:
Discuss the definition of brain death and the criteria involved in its determination.
Answer:
Identify the coercive sexual activity that is directed at someone with whom the
perpetrator is at least casually acquainted.
Answer:
Identify the smile that does not occur in response to external stimuli. It happens during
the month after birth and usually during sleep.
Answer:
In analyzing the performance of American students compared to students in selected
Asian countries, what differences did Stevenson and his colleagues observe between the
Asian and American parents?
Answer:
Briefly state two criticisms leveled against Vygotsky’s theory of cognitive development.
Answer:
Which theorist proposed that psychosexual development occurred in the following five
stages: oral stage, anal stage, phallic stage, latent stage, and genital stage?
Answer: