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Groups of people create and promote traits to signify who is in the group and who is
out. These are called:
a. apartheid.
b. cultural walls.
c. ethnic boundaries.
d. segregation.
e. social signifiers.
A local nongovernmental organization that challenges state policies and uneven
development, and advocates for resources and opportunities for members of its local
communities, is known as a(n):
a. civil society organization.
b. international aid society.
c. international corporation.
d. local support agency.
e. nonaligned charity.
If a person inherits genes for a dark complexion and blue eyes from his or her parents,
this refers to:
a. biome.
b. phenotype.
c. genotype.
d. race.
e. DNA.
According to the textbook, one of the key reasons that immigration continues to be a
controversial issue in the United States is because:
a. more than 75 percent of migrants settle in towns of less than 100,000 people.
b. immigrants from the Middle East have become the largest single group of migrants.
c. the perception that the diversity of the current generation of migrants raises cultural
challenges.
d. a vast majority of Americans agree we need a wall on the U.S."Canada border.
e. cities in the upper Midwest cannot handle the 400,000 Egyptians that arrive annually.
Contemporary anthropologists study sexuality:
a. in cultures worldwide, including Western cultures.
b. only in cultures that are remote and poorly understood.
c. only in cultures where intense homophobia is present.
d. in cultures worldwide, with the exception of Western cultures.
e. only in cultures in which sexually transmitted diseases are epidemic.
A famous redistribution ceremony that is commonly practiced among Native American
groups such as the Kwakiutl of the Pacific Northwest is called:
a. caste.
b. proletariat.
c. habitus.
d. potlatch.
e. Dalit.
In giving her perspectives on the process of doing fieldwork in a Brazilian shantytown,
Nancy Scheper-Hughes' account of Alto do Cruzeiro is an example of:
a. polyvocality.
b. reflexive ethnography.
c. informed anthropology.
d. authoritative writing.
e. processual anthropology.
Franz Boas (1858"1942) rejected unilineal cultural evolution, advocating for which of
the following approaches instead?
a. structural functionalism
b. cultural interpretivism
c. historical particularism
d. cultural meaning
e. evolutionary enculturation
Which of the following is a type of status that is inherited or assigned at birth and is
passed down from generation to generation with rigidly enforced boundaries among
caste groups?
a. ascribed
b. closed
c. achieved
d. inherent
e. restricted
Language continuum is defined as:
a. a nonstandard variation of a language that is particular to a specific region.
b. the study of the development of language over time, including its changes and
variations.
c. alternating back and forth between more than one linguistic variant depending on the
context.
d. the idea that variation in languages appears gradually over distance between places.
e. the study of the intersection between language and systems of power such as race,
class, and age.
The majority of the 40 million people who read National Geographic at its peak were:
a. anthropologists and their students.
b. black or Latino professionals.
c. subscribers to the journal.
d. white and middle class.
e. over the age of forty-five.
According to the text, the idea that masturbation was a form of self-abuse is most
characteristic of which period?
a. the 1960s
b. the Renaissance
c. the Industrial Revolution
d. the Victorian era
e. the 1980s
As Adolf Hitler began to prepare Germany for the domination of Europe and World War
II, he began building a huge military and promoting paramilitary organizations such as
the Hitler Youth. At the same time, he worked to glorify Germany's history and military
past, demonize minorities and enemies, and promote ideas of his "Third Reich," or
empire. This is an example of:
a. rearming.
b. mobilization.
c. militarization.
d. imperialism.
e. fortification.
Morrinho is important to anthropologists as a:
a. miniature Brazilian city where individuals act out everyday life.
b. board game played in Spain by North Africans who reenact life at home.
c. video game created by Parisian college students who modeled it on French culture.
d. painting that depicts Mexican immigrants' view of the border crossing.
e. cartoon that allows children to play out cultural practices using avatars.
According to the text, anthropologists who study art pay attention to all of the
following, EXCEPT:
a. paintings.
b. movement.
c. cuisine.
d. statistics.
e. globalization.
Health includes not merely the absence of infirmity, but also complete physical, mental,
and ________ well-being.
a. cultural
b. economic
c. functional
d. social
e. local
Compared to digital ________, people born before 1970 have more trouble navigating
websites, wikis, blogs, and text messages.
a. natives
b. entrepreneurs
c. linguists
d. preservationists
e. translators
Paul Stoller's argument that Muslim street vendors in New York City extend traditions
of trade and family ties that have existed for centuries demonstrates the importance of
which of the following factors that shape the experience of migrants?
a. smuggling
b. guest worker programs
c. brain drain
d. social networks
e. speech communities
Making the strange seem more familiar is an overarching goal of:
a. key interviews.
b. structured surveys.
c. ethnographic fieldwork.
d. salvage ethnography.
e. experimental hypotheses.
A marginalized group outside of India's primary castes who are typically assigned the
most spiritually polluting work and are deemed "untouchable" by the general
population are the:
a. Brahmins.
b. Vaisyas.
c. Shudras.
d. Ksyatriyas.
e. Dalits.
The sickle-cell gene is found in high frequency in certain African countries mainly
along the equator because:
a. the mutation increases the body's ability to regulate heat.
b. the gene can give protection against rickets.
c. it is in response to natural selection.
d. it provides protection against the harmful effect of ultraviolet radiation.
e. the mutation increases the body's ability to carry oxygen.
A set of popular ideas about race that allows the discriminatory behaviors of individuals
and institutions to seem reasonable, rational, and normal is referred to as:
a. colonialism.
b. fascism.
c. nativism.
d. racialization.
e. racial ideology.
French sociologist ________ viewed religion as ultimately something practiced with
others and thus a social practice rather than a private or individual one.
a. Emile Durkheim
b. Max Weber
c. Karl Marx
d. Clifford Geertz
e. E. E. Evans-Pritchard
William Rathje's garbage study to analyze the behavior of residents of Tucson, Arizona,
is an example of what field of anthropology?
a. classical archaeology
b. ethnographic fieldwork
c. ethnology
d. historic archaeology
e. contemporary excavation
Anthropologists trace the roots of which of the following patterns of social stratification
to the rise of intensive agriculture and populous market towns?
a. egalitarian stratification
b. ascribed stratification
c. ranked stratification
d. extreme stratification
e. achieved stratification
Analysis of European Paleolithic cave art indicates that:
a. the designs were painted by the same group of individuals.
b. there were no burials associated with the paintings.
c. the paintings depicted an equal number of humans and animals.
d. there is no indication of ritual or symbolic meaning.
e. the paintings were modified over a 20,000-year period.
The invented sense of connection and shared traditions that underlies identification with
a particular ethnic group or nation whose members likely will never meet refers to the
concept of:
a. cultural imperialism.
b. imagined community.
c. invented identity.
d. nation-state.
e. nationalism.
Despite different societies' efforts to divide people into different biologically discrete
groups, genetic evidence shows that human variation is:
a. bushy.
b. clinal.
c. discontinuous.
d. lineal.
e. separated.
The unequal distribution of a society's resources within a class system typically:
a. involves moving surpluses steadily downward into the hands of the poor.
b. involves moving surpluses steadily upward into the hands of the elite.
c. involves sharing of resources through random lottery.
d. is not intersected by race and gender.
e. does not affect individuals' life chances.
Which of the following types of descent groups traces kinship through both the mother
and the father?
a. ambilineal
b. unilineal
c. polylineal
d. bilineal
e. monolineal
Which of the following is the term used to describe a framework for analyzing many
factors that determine how class is lived rather than examining class in isolation?
a. adaptability
b. monofunctionality
c. punctuality
d. functionality
e. intersectionality
Entrepreneurial immigrants often rely on ________, where financial resources are
borrowed at interest, repaid, and borrowed again.
a. revolving loan funds
b. black market loans
c. government grants
d. charitable donations
e. loan ladders
