Which of the following does not apply to theories
a. Tested explanations of facts
b. Usually concerned with broader and more universal views
c. Not absolutes and open for falsification
d. Specific statements of scientific relationships that have not been verified
e. The result of repeated testing
The diversification of the mammals occurred mostly during the
a. Pleistocene
b. Mesozoic
c. Quaternary
d. Cenozoic
e. Paleozoic
If an isotope has a half-life of 4 billion years, then in 4 billion years what will happen?
a. All of the original amount will have decayed.
b. A quarter of the original amount will still remain.
c. Half of the original amount will still be present.
d. All of the original amount will still be present.
e. The original amount will have doubled.
Which of the following is not true about human childhood?
a. Humans have unusually long childhoods.
b. Childhood is key to the learning in humans.
c. It is defined as the time between weaning and puberty.
d. It is an extremely short stage of human life.
e. It is a vulnerable stage of human development.
Gregor Mendel
a. published his results and won the Nobel Prize for his discoveries
b. was trained as a geneticist
c. did not know about chromosomes
d. was a professor at the University of Vienna
e. never published his work
Structural similarities shared by species that are acquired by descent from a common
ancestor are
a. analogies
b. homologies
c. acquired
d. uncommon
e. uninformative of evolutionary relationships
After mitosis, daughter cells contain the same amount of DNA as in the original cell.
What is this due to?
a. protein synthesis
b. recombination
c. pairing of homologous chromosomes
d. meiosis
e. DNA replication
In many primate species, ________ have/has a central role in reinforcing social
relationships.
a. play
b. coalition formation
c. dominance hierarchies
d. food-sharing
e. grooming
Traditionally, primate characteristics have been explained as the result of adaptation to
________ environments.
a. terrestrial
b. rocky
c. arboreal
d. desert
e. ocean
Who was the first to recognize the role of the environment as a significant factor in
evolutionary change?
a. Jean-Baptiste Lamarck
b. Georges Cuvier
c. Thomas Malthus
d. Charles Darwin
e. Charles Lyell
Compared to Homo erectus, the cranium of the earliest premodern Homo sapiens
exhibit
a. a lower forehead
b. a more angled occipital region
c. a smaller average cranial capacity
d. a more rounded braincase
e. a less vertical nose
Mendelian traits are described as discrete, or discontinuous because
a. Their phenotypic expressions overlap
b. Their phenotypic expressions do not fall into clearly defined categories
c. Their genotypic expression overlap
d. Their genotypic expressions do not fall into clearly defined categories
e. Their phenotypic expressions do not overlap
Neandertal brain size
a. was smaller, on average, than that of modern humans
b. was larger, on average, than that of modern humans
c. was smaller, on average, than that of Homo erectus
d. averaged about 2,500 cm3
e. averaged about 1,100 cm3
Which of the following contributes most to skin color?
a. hemoglobin
b. melanin
c. carotene
d. vitamin D
e. short-term acclimatization
What is chest slapping by gorillas an example of?
a. reassurance gesture
b. submission
c. display
d. involuntary behavior
e. affiliative behavior
Approximately how long do chimpanzees, gorillas, and women in foraging societies
nurse their infants?
A. year
B. 1 to 2 years
C. 2 to 3 years
D. 3 to 4 years
E. 6 to 7 years
Homo erectus appeared in East Africa between ___ million years ago.
a. 1.7 and 1.5
b. 2.5 and 2.3
c. 6.0 and 4.0
d. 3 and 1.0
e. 2.0 and 1.8
As an order, primates
a. have highly specialized traits
b. can be easily defined by one or two traits
c. lack traits that define the mammals
d. have generalized traits
e. have very narrow, or specialized, dietary preferences
Some of the late Eocene primates have been found in Asia.
Grouping contemporaneous species into genera
a. is never a subjective process
b. can be facilitated by identifying which species can interbreed and produce live,
though not necessarily fertile, hybrid offspring
c. is always easy and accurate
d. is problematic and therefore not a common practice of physical anthropologists
e. requires similarities between species in one genus and species of another genus.
What is the evolutionary process that produces analogous structures called?
a. speciation
b. homology
c. homoplasy
d. founder effect
e. evolutionary systematics
Which genus is found in the Fayum and is probably close to the ancestry of both major
groups of living Old World anthropoids?
a. Apidium
b. Sivapithecus
c. Australopithecus
d. Paranthropus
e. Aegyptopithecus
Where are Old World monkeys found?
a. Africa and northern Europe
b. Mexico and South America
c. Sub Saharan Africa, southern Asia, and northern Japan
d. India and southern Asia only
e. North America and Mexico
The geological record indicates there have been at least _____ mass extinction events in
the past 570 million years.
a. 5
b. 100
c. 15
d. 150
e. 1,000
In the history of humanity, the most important causes of extinction do not include
a. hunting
b. burgeoning human populations
c. habitat reduction
d. antibiotics
e. clearing land for cultivation
Which of the following includes genetic-alterations within populations?
a. macroevolution
b. anatomy
c. osteology
d. paleopathology
e. microevolution
Gregor Mendel is known for which of the following?
a. He developed theories of evolutionary change.
b. He discovered the structure of the DNA molecule.
c. He studied characteristics that are influenced by several genetic loci.
d. He discovered the fundamental principles of how traits are inherited.
e. He developed the theory of inheritance of acquired characteristics.
Ribosomes are
a. the sex chromosomes
b. gametes
c. found only in prokaryotes
d. only present when the cell divides
e. important to protein synthesis
Which of the following sites is in China?
a. Yunxian
b. Atapuerca
c. Nariokotome
d. Gran Dolina
e. Olduvai Gorge
Primatology is the study of
a. human evolution
b. human skeletal material
c. skeletal remains at crime scenes
d. disease in earlier human groups
e. living nonhuman primates