__________ predicts ego integrity in late adulthood.
A) Completion of college
B) Midlife generativity
C) Retirement
D) Identity foreclosure in adolescence
Two-year-old D”Arcy has parents who encourage emotional expressiveness and show
empathetic concern for her feelings. When another child is unhappy, D”Arcy is likely to
respond with
A) fear and anger.
B) anxiety and distress.
C) sympathetic concern.
D) frowning and lip biting.
The most common nutritional problem of adolescence is __________ deficiency.
A) calcium
B) protein
C) iron
D) zinc
Which of the following statements about cultural influences on self-esteem is true?
A) In academic self-judgments, boys have higher language arts self-esteem than girls.
B) Boys exceed girls in self-esteem dimensions of close friendship and social
acceptance.
C) Boys’ overall self-worth is much higher than girls’.
D) Asian children score lower in self-esteem than U.S. children.
Research on Piaget’s cognitive-developmental theory indicates that
A) he overestimated the competencies of infants and young children.
B) he overemphasized the role of social and cultural influences on development.
C) discovery learning facilitates learning better than adult teaching.
D) children’s performances on Piagetian tasks can be improved with training.
The __________ secretes hormones that prepare the lining of the uterus to receive a
fertilized ovum.
A) corpus luteum
B) fallopian tubes
C) cervix
D) embryo
Sydney, when faced with a problem, starts with a hypothesis, deduces testable
inferences, and isolates and combines variables to see which inferences are confirmed.
Sydney is in Piaget’s __________ stage of development.
A) sensorimotor
B) preoperational
C) concrete operational
D) formal operational
Dr. Eden studies a fetus’s sensitivity to external stimuli by measuring changes in fetal
heart rate when various repeated sounds are presented. Dr. Eden is probably using
A) classical conditioning.
B) operant conditioning.
C) habituation and recovery.
D) imitation.
Adult friends are usually
A) different from each other in most ways.
B) similar in social class but different in age or sex.
C) romantically involved with one another.
D) similar to each other in age, sex, and SES.
__________ helps stimulate early physical growth and is vital for emotional
development as well.
A) Sound
B) Pain
C) Touch
D) Taste
The more parents __________, the more “emotion words” children use and the better
developed their emotional understanding.
A) label emotions, explain them, and express warmth and enthusiasm when conversing
with preschoolers
B) encourage peer sociability and demand that their children share with peers
C) label their children’s successes and failures and point out when their children make
errors
D) expect their children to behave like adults
Which of the following statements about individual differences in cognitive declines is
true?
A) Cognitive declines occur earlier in people with complex occupations.
B) People with flexible personalities are likely to maintain mental abilities well into late
adulthood.
C) There is no known correlation between SES and intellectual decline.
D) Early retirement, whether forced or by choice, contributes to rapid intellectual
decline in older adults.
Fifty-year-old James filed for divorce from his wife of 25 years. It is likely that he
A) is comfortable with uncertainty and has a self-reliant personality.
B) is frustrated with the lack of communication in his marriage.
C) is already involved romantically with someone else.
D) placed more weight on passionate love than his wife.
Between the ages of 6 and 12, children become more aware
A) that others’ facial expressions indicate their true feelings.
B) that feelings of pride and guilt primarily occur when adults are present.
C) of circumstances likely to spark mixed emotions.
D) that basic emotions are related to personal responsibility.
Older adults __________ than younger adultsa difference believed to be due to a slower
rate of thinking.
A) rehearse more
B) rehearse less
C) organize more
D) elaborate more
Although Betty grew up in a rundown neighborhood, had divorced parents, and rarely
saw her father, she is a successful, happy, and healthy adult. Betty’s ability to adapt
effectively in the face of threats to development is known as
A) assimilation.
B) resilience.
C) age-graded development.
D) multidimensional development.
Although newborns sleep more at night than during the day, their sleep”wake cycles are
affected more by __________ than by __________.
A) fullness”hunger; darkness”light
B) darkness”light; wetness”dryness
C) wetness”dryness; fullness”hunger
D) wetness”dryness; darkness”light
Dr. Richter believes that older adults experience greater loss of information as it moves
through the cognitive system. As a result, the whole system must slow down to inspect
and interpret the information. Dr. Richter subscribes to the __________ view.
A) neural network
B) interconnectionist
C) information-loss
D) metacognitive
Which of the following college students is the most likely to show improvements in
propositional thought?
A) Ryan, who took a history course
B) Emily, who took an art course
C) Cali, who took a science course
D) Erica, who took a writing course
Although Ida is mostly self-reliant, she does not often resist her son’s unnecessary help.
Ida probably feels that
A) compliance is easier than resistance.
B) her son’s help brings about social contact.
C) her son expects her to exhibit passive behaviors.
D) she is not as capable as she really is.
According to Piaget, thought in middle childhood is far more __________ than in early
childhood.
A) rigid
B) logical
C) disorganized
D) singular
May stops by her mother June’s house every day. If June is having trouble getting
dressed or making the bed, then May helps her, and the two women chat while they
work. May’s behavior toward June illustrates the __________ script.
A) dependency”support
B) independence”ignore
C) assisted independence
D) codependency”support
Evolutionary developmental psychology
A) focuses on how the structures of the mind develop to better fit with, or represent, the
external world.
B) seeks to understand the adaptive value of specieswide cognitive, emotional, and
social competencies as those competencies change with age.
C) views the human mind as a symbol-manipulating system through which information
flows.
D) brings together researchers from psychology, biology, neuroscience, and medicine to
study the relationship between changes in the brain and the developing person’s
cognitive processing and behavior patterns.
The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services advises exclusive breastfeeding
for the first __________ and inclusion of breast milk in the baby’s diet until at least
__________.
A) 6 weeks; 6 months
B) 4 months; 6 months
C) 6 months; 1 year
D) 1 year; 2 years
When focusing on deeper thoughts and feelings, adolescent friends Glenda and Anne
repeatedly mull over problems and negative emotions, which sometimes triggers
anxiety and depression. Glenda and Anne are demonstrating
A) peer victimization.
B) clique membership.
C) corumination.
D) an identity crisis.
Discipline that relies on __________ makes children so anxious and frightened that
they cannot think clearly enough to figure out what they should do.
A) induction
B) rewards
C) withdrawal of love
D) time-out
Francesca’s immune system has begun to turn against normal body tissues, which is
referred to as
A) selective optimization.
B) primary aging.
C) an autoimmune response.
D) compression of morbidity.
Which of the following is the most likely to contribute to gender intensification in
adolescence?
A) the magnification of sex differences in appearance caused by puberty
B) decreased concern for what others think
C) a combination of family and peer pressure
D) media depictions of sexuality
Studies of mutation demonstrate that
A) some mutations occur spontaneously, simply by chance.
B) mutations are never desirable.
C) females are more susceptible than males to harmful mutations.
D) exposure to nonionizing forms of radiation, such as microwaves, can cause genetic
damage.
Which of the following statements about the infant’s production of stress hormones
during childbirth is true?
A) Stress hormones cause the mother to breathe deeply, increasing the oxygen supply to
the baby.
B) Stress hormones activate certain neural pathways in the brain, causing the baby to be
alert and actively work its way down the birth canal.
C) Stress hormones cause the cervix to thin and the uterine wall to contract, forming a
clear channel from the uterus into the birth canal.
D) Stress hormones prepare the baby to breathe effectively by causing the lungs to
absorb any remaining fluid and by expanding the bronchial tubes.
Children whose parents use a(n) __________ child-rearing style feel especially good
about themselves.
A) authoritative
B) authoritarian
C) permissive
D) uninvolved
Children who are high in academic self-esteem and motivation make __________
attributions, crediting their successes to __________.
A) learned-helpless; luck
B) mastery-oriented; ability
C) externally focused; effort
D) achievement-related; luck