Conflict, violence, and brutality increase among inmates in direct relation to their
housing security and custody level.
a. True
b. False
Advocates of this justice perspective argue that the justice system remains an
adversarial process that pits the forces of the state against those of a solitary individual
accused of a crime.
a. Crime control
b.Due process
c. Nonintervention
d.Rehabilitation
Generally, state appellate decisions are based on court transcripts; however, in some
instances, the felony court will grant a new trial known as a:
a. trial de novo.
b. reaffirmation of verdict.
c. trial de jure.
d. habeas corpus hearing.
The _____ Amendment guarantees the defendant the right to a jury trial.
a. Second
b. Fourth
c. Sixth
d. Fourteenth
Marital status has no influence on one’s likelihood of victimization.
a.True
b.False
Truth in sentencing is designed to fight a rising crime rate by requiring offenders to
serve a greater portion of their sentence.
a. True
b. False
“Be sharp and don”t be a sucker” is one element of the inmate social code.
a. True
b. False
Which of the following is true regarding future prison trends?
a. Fewer people are receiving a prison sentence than 5 years ago.
b. A significantly greater number of people are receiving prison sentences than a decade
ago.
c. Policymakers are shifting to a rehabilitation perspective.
d. All states spend more on prisons than higher education.
What is the duty of a defense lawyer to his or her client and the legal system?
a. To participate in the courtroom workgroup
b. To fully and competently defend his or her client
c. To engage in the pursuit of justice
d. To represent the state
Currently there are _____________ inmates in the state and federal prison systems.
a. 800,000
b. 1.1 million
c. 1.6 million
d. 2.1 million
Ethical issues transcend all elements of the justice system. Why are ethical standards so
important in criminal justice?
a. Without ethical decision making, it is possible that individual civil rights and liberties
will suffer.
b. Agents of the criminal justice system have access to citizens’ most personal
information, raising concerns of privacy and confidentiality.
c. Justice system personnel may work in an environment where moral ambiguity is
widespread.
d. Ethical standards are important in the justice system for all these reasons.
Stress reduction programs may include:
a. diet information
b. biofeedback
c. meditation
d. all the above
Police officers can arrest someone if they have a “gut feeling” that the person is guilty
of a criminal offense.
a. True
b. False
Which of the following is false regarding diversion programs?
a. There is no court supervision of these programs.
b. Offenders are placed in diversion programs before their formal trial or conviction.
c. Pretrial diversion programs are intended to encourage community treatment
participation by the offender.
d. Restitution may be part of a diversion program.
According to noninterventionists, the efforts to treat offenders may lead to further
stigma beyond the scope of the original offense. This is referred to as:
a. deinstitutionalization
b. nolle prosequi
c. victimless crime
d. widening the net of justice
Individuals that claim insanity as a criminal defense may not have the ability to form
___________.
a. mala in se
b. mens rea
c. actus reus
d. stare decisis
Many states and the District of Columbia have legalized medical marijuana and other
states have legalized its recreational use. In some states, police are directed to patrol the
areas near medical marijuana dispensaries more frequently because it is still illegal to
use it recreationally and usually still illegal to sell marijuana. The new governor of
California is facing a budget crisis and must reduce spending in law enforcement.
Randi has been arrested for selling marijuana in Washington state. He was high on
drugs at the time of arrest and doesn”t quite understand why he is in trouble. The police
are demanding to know Randi’s supplier and won”t let Randi eat or drink until he
confesses. What rights protect Randi from this interrogation?
a. Fourth Amendment
b. Fifth Amendment
c. Sixth Amendment
d. Eighth Amendment
DNA profiling gained national attention due to the ____ trial.
a. Martha Stewart
b. O.J. Simpson
c. Rodney King
d. Scopes Monkey
Retributive terrorism promotes the interests of a minority ethnic or religious group that
believes it has been persecuted under majority or colonial rule.
a. True
b. False
Penal institutions where offenders would go to be deprived of their freedom for
punishment have been around since the tenth century.
a. True
b. False
Which best explains the recent surge in the number of juvenile detentions?
a. An increase in juvenile court cases.
b. A surge in the number of female violent offenders.
c. A surge in the number of cases involving drugs and violence.
d. All of these explain the recent surge in the number of juvenile detentions.
An officer approaches a group of teenagers standing in a parking lot, drinking beer. He
or she checks them for gang symbols and calls into the station to ascertain if any of
them have active warrants. This officer typifies which officer style?
a. Crime fighter
b. Social agent
c. Law enforcer
d. Watchman
The “modern” American correctional system had its origin in _______.
a. New York
b. Pennsylvania
c. New Jersey
d. Massachusetts
The demeanor of the offender is considered this type of factor?
a. Environmental
b. Departmental
c. Extralegal
d. Situational
Supervisor attitudes can be one of the challenges of community-oriented policing.
a. True
b. False
Which of the following is false regarding restorative justice programs?
a. Crime is an offense against human relationships.
b. Victims and the community are central to justice processes.
c. The offender will develop improved competency and understanding as a result of the
restorative justice experience.
d. Stakeholders have no place in the restorative process.
European Americans make up 47 percent of the jail population, so a disproportionate
number of jail inmates are minority.
a. True
b. False
Which is false regarding the sexual exploitation of female inmates?
a. The acts are usually perpetrated by male members of the prison staff.
b. The acts usually go unreported.
c. Most of the acts are consensual due to isolation and loneliness.
d. The majority of states have passed laws criminalizing staff sexual misconduct.
Which US city created the first formal US police department?
a. Boston
b. New York City
c. Philadelphia
d. Chicago
Criminal justice can be viewed as a process that takes an offender through a series of
decision points, beginning with arrest and concluding with reentry. Which of the
following is an extralegal factor that critics argue may be involved in this process?
a. Offender’s race
b. Offender’s prior record
c. Seriousness of offense
d. Available evidence
Dwayne is the Chief of Police for Big City, Ohio. He has money in his budget to hire
new police officers and maintain and boost morale by offering bonuses. Dwayne
happens to have a girlfriend with whom he has become increasingly serious. He would
like to buy her some jewelry but his wife doesn”t know of his infidelity and certainly
can”t know that his affair has turned serious enough to buy jewelry. His wife actually
knows about his girlfriend and has become addicted to pain pills in an attempt to forget
about Dwayne’s infidelity.
At Dwayne’s wife’s arraignment, what will occur first?
a. She will voluntarily sign up for rehab.
b. She will get a lesser sentence for pleading guilty.
c. She will be informed of the charges against her.
d. She will receive a sentencing date.
The first treatment programs in prison were ____________________.
Clemmer coined the term “____________________ process” to refer to an inmate’s
adjustment to prison life.
Discuss the functions of four major federal law enforcement agencies
In a(n) ____________________ inmates have a great deal of personal freedom that
sometimes includes work furloughs
In __________the US Supreme Court ruled that state courts must provide counsel to
indigent defendants in felony prosecutions.
Explain the changes that have occurred in the hiring of minority and female officers.
What are some of the problems experienced by these two groups of officers?
Discuss the history of bail reform as well as criticisms of the current bail system.
In medieval England, an appointed official who administered and supervised the legal
affairs of a small community was referred to as a ______.
Under the _____________________, the burden is on the state to prove the charges
beyond a reasonable doubt.
Discuss the meaning of a Ponzi scheme
________ are people who wage crusades to control criminal law so that it reflects their
own personal values.
Elaborate on the relationship between race and sentencing. Include a discussion of the
impact the victim’s race has on sentencing.
The US Corrections Corporation opened the first ____________________ in 1986.