Between ages of 6 and 12,
A)liagments become firmly attached to bones.
B)the bones of the body shorten and narrow.
C)all 20 primary teeth are lost and replaced by permanent ones.
D)primary teeth are gradually lost, starting with the molars.
In response to the “Heinz dilemma,” Seth explains, “It doesn’t make sense for Heinz to put
respect for property above respect for life itself. People have a mutual duty to save one
another from dying.” Seth is in which of Kohlberg’s stages?
A)instrumental purpose orientation
B)social-order-maintaining orientation
C)social contract orientation
D)universal ethical principle orientation
In diverse Western and non-Western cultures, concern with __________ strengthens during
the teenage years.
A)matters of personal choice
B)conformity to law-abiding norms
C)social conventions
D)moral imperatives
Consistent with Locke’s tabula rasa, John Watson concluded that __________ is the
supreme force in development.
A)nature
B)early experience
C)environment
D)cognition
The U.S. high school dropout rate is
A)highest for African Americans.
B)highest for students from rural communities.
C)slightly lower for Hispanics than for whites.
D)slightly higher for boys than for girls.
In Taiwan, prenatal exposure to high levels of __________ in rice oil resulted in low birth
weight, discolored skin, and delayed cognitive development.
A)dioxins
B)mercury
C)polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs)
D)lead
Unlike Piaget, most researchers now believe that
A)the cognitive attainments of infancy develop in a neat, stepwise fashion.
B)young babies construe all mental representations out of sensorimotor activity.
C)even newborns process information much like adults.
D)infants have some built-in cognitive equipment for making sense of experience.
A study of children who had spent their first eight months or more in Romanian
institutions and were then adopted into Canadian homes found that the longer the children
spent in orphanage care, the __________ their __________.
A)higher; cortisol levels
B)lower; cortisol levels
C)greater; anger control
D)greater; impulse control
Trent’s parents are divorced, and he resides with his mother. Trent’s father sees him only
occasionally. His father’s parenting style is likely to be
A)uninvolved, but loving.
B)harsh, but consistent.
C)authoritative and warm.
D)permissive and indulgent.
During the second month of pregnancy, the embryo
A)can be irritated by sounds.
B)has rapid eye movements.
C)responds to touch.
D)shields its eyes in response to light.
According to the __________ approach, young children rely on word meanings to figure
out grammatical rules.
A)fast-mapping
B)semantic bootstrapping
C)mutual exclusivity
D)syntactic bootstrapping
Selecting a vocation is central to the development of
A)a solid, secure identity.
B)a realistic life plan.
C)executive function.
D)metacognitive awareness.
To work well, vocational education must
A)focus heavily on job-related instruction.
B)carefully integrate academic and job-related instruction.
C)offer paid employment as a component of the program.
D)focus heavily on basic skills.
Gray matter
A)replaces white matter in middle childhood.
B)consists largely of myelinated nerve fibers.
C)increases steadily throughout childhood and adolescence.
D)declines as synaptic pruning and death of surrounding neurons proceed.
During middle childhood, the bones of the body
A)stop growing.
B)shorten and narrow.
C)lengthen and broaden.
D)firmly attach to ligaments.
It is difficult to isolate the precise damage caused by illegal drug use during pregnancy
because
A)most drug-using mothers refuse to participate in teratology research.
B)the majority of babies born to drug-using mothers do not survive for more than a few
days.
C)most drug-using mothers quit during the first trimester of pregnancy.
D)users often take several drugs, display other high-risk behaviors, and suffer from
poverty and other stresses.
Which of the following statements about the Convention on the Rights of the Child is true?
A)The United States was one of the first countries in the world whose legislature ratified
it.
B)Opponents maintain that its provisions would shift the burden of child rearing from the
state to the family.
C)Although it includes the right to freedom of thought, it does not include the right to a
free compulsory education.
D)The United States is one of only two countries in the world whose legislature has not yet
ratified it.
Which of the following statements best describes a Piagetian classroom?
A)Children participate in peer collaboration, which allows them to teach and help one
another.
B)The teacher assumes that all children reach developmental milestones at the same rate.
C)Teaching practices highlight concepts such as scaffolding and the zone of proximal
development.
D)Children are encouraged to discover for themselves through spontaneous interaction
with the environment.
Which of the following statements about children with very low working-memory
scores is true?
A)About 30 percent of children have very low working-memory scores.
B)They can benefit from direct training with working memory tasks.
C)Children from economically advantaged families are likely to score low on
working-memory tasks.
D)The majority of children with low working-memory scores improve without
intervention.