Bone comparisons from hunter-gatherers to later agriculturalists to modern peoples
show:
a. an increase in size.
b. greater robusticity of the long arm bones only.
c. a decline in size.
d. a stasis in bone density.
Hox genes:
a. appear to function in similar ways across diverse groups of organisms.
b. function only in fruit flies.
c. control which amino acids get plugged into polypeptide chains.
d. control the development of language in humans.
In your textbook, the lower frequency of sickle-cell anemia among present day
American blacks as compared to West African blacks is attributed to:
a. genetic drift.
b. gene flow.
c. new mutations.
d. none of the above
The English demographer whose work on population growth greatly influenced
Darwin’s thinking on population adaptation was:
a. Jean-Baptiste de Lamarck.
b. Georges Cuvier.
c. Thomas Malthus.
d. Charles Lyell.
The calcaneus (heel bone) of Eosimias suggests that it may be a very primitive:
a. primate.
b. anthropoid.
c. New World monkey.
d. ape.
A distinctive trait of people from East Asia and the Americas is:
a. shovel-shaped incisors.
b. large nose.
c. thick, long bones.
d. extra muscles on the scapula.
Comparisons of the bones from hunter-gatherers’ to later agriculturalists’ to modern
peoples’:
a. show a remarkable decline in size.
b. show an increase in size.
c. show variation in size to a high degree.
d. demonstrate biological change over time.
Cultural adaptation:
a. occurs at the population level via natural selection.
b. occurs at the individual level during childhood.
c. involves using material culture to make living possible in certain settings.
d. occurs at the individual level throughout an individual’s lifetime.
What are the differences between Homo habilis and Homo erectus?
a. Homo habilis shows a reduction in the size of the face relative to the brain case.
b. Homo erectus shows a reduction in the size of the face relative to the brain case.
c. Homo habilis generally has a greater brain capacity than Homo erectus.
d. Homo erectus generally has a smaller brain capacity than Homo habilis.
Physical anthropology as a discipline is NOT concerned with:
a. skeletal pathology.
b. primate behavior.
c. fossilized nonprimate remains.
d. human evolution
A point mutation that does not result in a change to the amino acid coded for is said to
be a:
a. spontaneous mutation.
b. synonymous mutation.
c. selective mutation.
d. stabilizing mutation.
Mutations to which cells are most likely to have significant evolutionary consequences?
a. sex cells (gametes)
b. red blood cells
c. skin pigment cells
d. brain cells
Strepsirhines have a special lower incisor called:
a. a bilophodont.
b. a two-ridge tooth.
c. a diastema.
d. a tooth comb.
Anthropoids include:
a. monkeys, apes, and humans.
b. African and Asian apes.
c. tarsiers, monkeys, and apes.
d. lemurs, lorises, galagos, and tarsiers.
Sexual maturation or puberty is marked by:
a. menarche in girls.
b. similar body size in boys and girls.
c. completion of brain growth.
d. adult social roles.
The American economist David Seckler hypothesized that:
a. growth accelerates and decelerates according to various life stages.
b. undernourished populations experience accelerated growth and development.
c. there is a relationship between genes and the environment.
d. shortness in height is an adaptation to reduced food supplies.
The earliest fossil evidence of Homo erectus in Western Europe dates to about:
a. 1.7 mya.
b. 1.2 mya.
c. 500,000 yBP.
d. 800,000 yBP.
Polyandrous:
a. refers to a social group that includes one reproductively active female and several
adult males and their offspring.
b. refers to a social group that includes one female and several males.
c. means “many offspring.”
d. refers to a social group that includes one adult male and several adult females and
their offspring.
Sexual dimorphism:
a. refers to the onset of puberty.
b. refers to the difference between male and female behavior.
c. refers to the development of male and female primary characteristics.
d. refers to the difference in physical attributes of males and females.
Relative to people with a history of living in temperate climates, the Inuit and other
cold-adapted populations:
a. have lower BMR.
b. consume more carbohydrates.
c. reduce peripheral body temperatures to maintain core temperatures.
d. have short limbs and large bodies.
Human production of stone or lithic tools is an example of:
a. linguistic comprehension.
b. subsistence strategies.
c. material culture.
d. ideology.
Fossils represent the remains of once-living:
a. extant species that tell the story of human origins.
b. extinct organisms that provide a record of the history of life on the planet.
c. plants that provide proof of catastrophism.
d. organisms that demonstrate the age of the Earth through the process of
uniformitarianism.
A genetic study conducted over multiple generations found that the frequency of
genotypes in the first generation were AA: 0.36, Aa: 0.48, aa: 0.16. In the second
generation, genotype frequencies shifted to AA: 0.16, Aa: 0.48, aa: 0.36. According to
Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, we can assume:
a. random mating has altered gene frequencies.
b. gene flow has possibly shifted the gene frequencies.
c. mating in this population must be nonrandom mating.
d. both b. and c.
The earliest archaeological evidence of humans in Australia is from _________, dating
to _________.
a. Kow Swamp; 13,000 yBP
b. Lake Mungo; 40,000 Ybp
c. Melbourne; 25,000 yBP
d. Tasmania; 35,000 yBP
Speech, advanced cognition, and complex material culture:
a. do not define a hominin.
b. define a hominin.
c. define a higher primate.
d. did not evolve through the primate lineage.
The H2 haplotype on chromosome 17 occurs in about 21% of European women.
Natural selection is strongly implicated because:
a. H2 women are infertile.
b. H2 women have 3.5% more children than do non-H2 women.
c. H2 women have 25% more children than do non-H2 women.
d. H2 women suffer from high rates of tuberculosis.
A hearth is discovered with bone fragments in it. What method might be used to date
the bone?
a. dendrochronology
b. electron spin resonance
c. fission track
d. amino acid method
The English surveyor who developed the technique of stratigraphic correlation between
regions was:
a. William Smith.
b. Charles Lyell.
c. Alfred Wallace.
d. Richard Owen.
All adults experience age-related bone loss after about age:
a. 40.
b. 50.
c. 60.
d. 30.