Which of the following statements is supported by research on computers and academic
learning?
A)Most U.S. low-SES families with school-age children and adolescents do not have
computers or Internet access.
B)Children who use word processing products tend to struggle with spelling and
grammar, because they worry less about making mistakes.
C)Computer-written word processing products tend to be shorter and of lesser quality
than handwritten products.
D)The more low-SES middle-school students use the Internet for personal information
gathering, the better their reading achievement.
Young Yucatec Mayan children
A)rarely imitate adult work in their make-believe play.
B)and Western children display impressive similarities in their make-believe play.
C)decide for themselves how much to sleep and eat.
D)tend to frequently display attention-getting behaviors.
Effortful control
A)requires adult instruction and modeling.
B)is regarded as a major dimension of temperament.
C)plays a limited role in mental and social development.
D)is an ability that is present at birth.
Elsie describes herself by saying, “I’m not afraid of the dark, no way!” Elsie probably
A)is between the ages of 3 and 4 years old.
B)has an insecure attachment to one or both of her parents.
C)has parents who reminisce with her about times when they resolved upsetting feelings.
D)is lying about her fear of the dark.
Advances in epistemic cognition depend on further gains in
A) metacognition, which are likely to occur in situations that challenge young people’s
perspectives.
B) executive function, which becomes increasingly rarer as the individual ages.
C) experience, particularly personal experiences such as relationship and career
development.
D) postformal thought, which is seldom achieved by most individuals in industrialized
nations.
Which of the following sounds is the best example of cooing?
A)”oooo”
B)”mae-do” (for “tomato”)
C)”rrrrrr”
D)”dadada”
For the left-handed 10 percent of the population, language is
A)always housed in the right hemisphere.
B)always housed in the left hemisphere.
C)most often housed in the right hemisphere.
D)most often shared between the hemispheres.
Which of the following statements about the consequences of child maltreatment is true?
A)While maltreated children show serious learning problems, they typically have few peer
difficulties.
B)Repeated abuse is associated with central nervous system damage, including abnormal
EEG brain-wave activity.
C)Maltreated children typically exhibit low anxiety and abnormally high self-esteem.
D)Most parents who were maltreated as children grow up to be child abusers.
Most U.S. high school sutdents who are employed are __________ youths.
A)low-income
B)high-SES
C)middle-SES
D)ethnic minority
Internet relationships are appealing to young people because
A)the dangers of unmonitored chatrooms pose an opportunity to engage in rule breaking
with little risk of getting caught.
B)they can explore central adolescent concerns in contexts that may feel less threatening
than similar conversations in the real world.
C)teenagers tend to be more secretive, and Internet relationships are less visible to their
parents and friends.
D)because the Internet is a safer place than school or the community to develop
relationships, especially romantic relationships.
Chinara is an early-maturing girl. She is most likely to be perceived as __________ by her
peers.
A)popular
B)withdrawn
C)independent
D)relaxed
Compared to infants of mothers who are not depressed, infants of depressed mothers
A)have patterned sleep-wake cycles.
B)are less attentive to their surroundings.
C)have depleted cortisol levels.
D)cry less often.
Directly observable characteristics are affected by an individual’s lifelong history of
experiences and also by the individual’s
A)karotypes.
B)phenotypes.
C)gametes.
D)genotype.
Beatrice has smoked throughout her pregnancy. Now in her seventh month, Beatrice is
considering quitting. You can tell her that
A)the damage was already done during the germinal period.
B)if she quits now, she reduces the likelihood that her infant will be born underweight.
C)the damage was already done during the period of the embryo.
D)quitting now will not reduce the likelihood that her infant will have colic.
Six-month-old Luka’s weight, height, and head circumference are substantially below
age-related growth norms. Luka is withdrawn and apathetic. Luka’s mother sometimes
appears depressed and distant, at other times impatient and hostile. Luka most likely
suffers from
A)growth faltering.
B)malnutrition.
C)marasmus.
D)food insecurity.
Which of the following is the largest barrier to the worldwide education of girls?
A)cultural beliefs about gender roles
B)reluctance to give up a girl’s work at home
C)government-mandated school enrollment fees
D)the limited number of schools in developing areas
According to Gilligan, feminine morality emphasizes
A)rights and justice.
B)an “ethic of care.”
C)irrational reasoning.
D)the same principles as masculine morality.